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Explanation

SUBNETTING

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1. What is the main purpose of subnetting in IP networking?

a. To improve network performance

b. To create smaller, more manageable networks
c. To increase the number of available IP addresses
d. To enhance network security

Answer: b. To create smaller, more manageable networks

Explanation: Subnetting is primarily used to divide a large IP network into smaller, more
manageable subnetworks to improve network organization, address allocation, and routing
efficiency.

2. In IPv4, what is the default subnet mask for a Class A IP address?

a. 255.255.255.0
b. 255.255.0.0
c. 255.0.0.0
d. 255.255.255.255

Answer: c. 255.0.0.0

Explanation: In a Class A IP address, the default subnet mask is 255.0.0.0, which provides a
single network with a large number of host addresses.

3. How many bits are reserved for the network portion in a Class B IP address?

a. 8 bits
b. 16 bits
c. 24 bits
d. 32 bits

Answer: b. 16 bits

Explanation: In a Class B IP address, the first 16 bits are reserved for the network portion.

4. Which subnet mask would allow for 8 subnets in a Class C network?

a. 255.255.255.128
b. 255.255.255.224
c. 255.255.255.240

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d. 255.255.255.248

Answer: c. 255.255.255.240

Explanation: A subnet mask of 255.255.255.240 allows for 8 subnets in a Class C network

(2^3 = 8).

5. If you have a Class B network and you borrow 5 bits for subnetting, how many subnets
can you create?

a. 8
b. 16
c. 32
d. 64

Answer: c. 32

Explanation: Borrowing 5 bits for subnetting (2^5) allows you to create 32 subnets within a
Class B network.

6. Which subnet mask is associated with a /27 prefix length in CIDR notation?

a. 255.255.255.192
b. 255.255.255.224
c. 255.255.255.240
d. 255.255.255.248

Answer: d. 255.255.255.248

Explanation: A /27 prefix length corresponds to a subnet mask of 255.255.255.248.

7. If you have an IP address of 192.168.1.50 and a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0, what is

the network address?

a. 192.168.0.0
b. 192.168.1.0
c. 192.168.1.50
d. 192.168.2.0

Answer: b. 192.168.1.0

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Explanation: The network address is obtained by applying the subnet mask, so in this case,
the network address is 192.168.1.0.

8. How many host addresses are available in a subnet with a /29 prefix length?

a. 2
b. 6
c. 14
d. 30

Answer: c. 14

Explanation: A /29 subnet has 8 total IP addresses. However, 2 are reserved for the network
address and the broadcast address, leaving 6 usable host addresses (2^3 - 2).

9. What is the broadcast address in a subnet with a /28 prefix length?

a. 255.255.255.240
b. 192.168.1.16
c. 192.168.1.31
d. 192.168.1.32

Answer: c. 192.168.1.31

Explanation: In a /28 subnet, the broadcast address is the last address within the subnet, so
it's 192.168.1.31.

10. If you need to subnet a Class B network into /26 subnets, how many bits are borrowed
for subnetting?

a. 4 bits
b. 6 bits
c. 8 bits
d. 16 bits

Answer: a. 4 bits

Explanation: Subnetting a Class B network into /26 subnets requires borrowing 4 bits,
leaving 4 bits for host addresses in each subnet.

11. In binary form, what is the subnet mask for a /30 prefix length?

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a. 11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000
b. 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111100
c. 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111111
d. 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111000

Answer: b. 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111100

Explanation: In binary, a /30 subnet mask has 30 "1" bits for the network portion and 2 "0"
bits for host addresses.

12. How many /28 subnets can be created from a Class C network with a /24 prefix
length?

a. 2
b. 4
c. 8
d. 16

Answer: d. 16

Explanation: You can create 16 /28 subnets within a Class C network (2^4 = 16).

13. In a Class A network, if you need to subnet with a /24 prefix length, how many bits are
borrowed for subnetting?

a. 8 bits
b. 16 bits
c. 24 bits
d. 32 bits

Answer: a. 8 bits

Explanation: To subnet a Class A network with a /24 prefix length, you need to borrow 8 bits
for subnetting, leaving 24 bits for host addresses.

14. Which of the following is a valid host address in a /29 subnet?

a. 192.168.1.0
b. 192.168.1.5
c. 192.168.1.8

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d. 192.168.1.15

Answer: b. 192.168.1.5

Explanation: In a /29 subnet, valid host addresses range from 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.6,
excluding the network address (192.168.1.0) and the broadcast address (192.168.1.7).

15. What is the subnet mask for a /25 prefix length in binary form?

a. 11111111.11111111.11111111.10000000
b. 11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000
c. 11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000
d. 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111100

Answer: c. 11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000

Explanation: In binary, a /25 subnet mask has 25 "1" bits for the network portion and 7 "0"
bits for host addresses.

16. How many bits are typically borrowed for subnetting in a Class B network?

a. 8 bits
b. 16 bits
c. 24 bits
d. 32 bits

Answer: b. 16 bits

Explanation: In a Class B network, it is common to borrow 16 bits for subnetting, which

leaves 16 bits for host addresses.

17. In a Class C network with a /26 prefix length, how many host bits are available for each
subnet?

a. 4 bits
b. 6 bits
c. 8 bits
d. 32 bits

Answer: b. 6 bits

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Explanation: In a /26 subnet, 6 bits are available for host addresses (2^6 = 64 hosts).

18. What is the maximum number of subnets you can create with a /23 prefix length in
binary form?

a. 4
b. 32
c. 64
d. 128

Answer: c. 64

Explanation: A /23 prefix allows for 64 subnets (2^6 = 64).

19. How many host addresses are available in a /28 subnet?

a. 4
b. 6
c. 14
d. 16

Answer: c. 14

Explanation: In a /28 subnet, there are 14 usable host addresses.

20. What is the valid range of host addresses in a /27 subnet with a network address of
192.168.1.0?

a. 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.30
b. 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.31
c. 192.168.1.2 to 192.168.1.31
d. 192.168.1.2 to 192.168.1.30

Answer: b. 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.31

Explanation: In a /27 subnet, the valid host addresses range from 192.168.1.1 to
192.168.1.30, excluding the network address (192.168.1.0) and the broadcast address
(192.168.1.31).

21. What is the broadcast address in a /29 subnet with a network address of 10.0.0.32?

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a. 10.0.0.32
b. 10.0.0.39
c. 10.0.0.31
d. 10.0.0.40

Answer: b. 10.0.0.39

Explanation: In a /29 subnet with a network address of 10.0.0.32, the broadcast address is
10.0.0.39.

22. In a /25 subnet, how many host bits are there?

a. 7 bits
b. 8 bits
c. 15 bits
d. 16 bits

Answer: a. 7 bits

Explanation: In a /25 subnet, there are 7 bits available for host addresses.

23. Which subnet mask provides 8 subnets for a Class C network?

a. 255.255.255.128
b. 255.255.255.192
c. 255.255.255.224
d. 255.255.255.240

Answer: d. 255.255.255.240

Explanation: A subnet mask of 255.255.255.240 allows for 8 subnets in a Class C network

(2^3 = 8).

24. What is the maximum number of host addresses available in a /30 subnet?

a. 2
b. 4
c. 6
d. 8

Answer: a. 2

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Explanation: In a /30 subnet, there are only 2 usable host addresses because the other two
addresses are reserved for the network and broadcast addresses.

25. Which subnet mask is associated with a /22 prefix length in CIDR notation?

a. 255.255.252.0
b. 255.255.254.0
c. 255.255.255.0
d. 255.255.255.252

Answer: b. 255.255.252.0

Explanation: A /22 prefix length corresponds to a subnet mask of 255.255.252.0.

26. What is the broadcast address in a /28 subnet with a network address of 172.16.1.0?

a. 172.16.1.14
b. 172.16.1.15
c. 172.16.1.16
d. 172.16.1.31

Answer: b. 172.16.1.15

Explanation: In a /28 subnet with a network address of 172.16.1.0, the broadcast address is
172.16.1.15.

27. In binary form, what is the subnet mask for a /27 prefix length?

a. 11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000
b. 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111100
c. 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111110
d. 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111000

Answer: b. 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111100

Explanation: In binary, a /27 subnet mask has 27 "1" bits for the network portion and 5 "0"
bits for host addresses.

28. If you have a Class A network and you need 16 subnets, how many bits should you
borrow for subnetting?

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a. 2 bits
b. 3 bits
c. 4 bits
d. 8 bits

Answer: b. 3 bits

Explanation: To create 16 subnets, you need to borrow 4 bits (2^4 = 16) from the Class A
network.

29. What is the valid range of host addresses in a /26 subnet with a network address of
192.168.2.0?

a. 192.168.2.1 to 192.168.2.62
b. 192.168.2.1 to 192.168.2.63
c. 192.168.2.2 to 192.168.2.63
d. 192.168.2.2 to 192.168.2.62

Answer: d. 192.168.2.2 to 192.168.2.62

Explanation: In a /26 subnet with a network address of 192.168.2.0, the valid host addresses
range from 192.168.2.1 to 192.168.2.62.

30. What is the maximum number of subnets you can create with a /20 prefix length in
binary form?

a. 8
b. 16
c. 32
d. 64

Answer: d. 64

Explanation: A /20 prefix allows for 64 subnets (2^6 = 64).

31. In a /28 subnet, how many bits are reserved for host addresses?

a. 2 bits
b. 4 bits
c. 6 bits

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d. 8 bits

Answer: a. 2 bits

Explanation: In a /28 subnet, 2 bits are available for host addresses, allowing for 4 usable
host addresses (2^2 - 2).

32. Which subnet mask would allow for 4 subnets in a Class B network?

a. 255.255.252.0
b. 255.255.254.0
c. 255.255.255.0
d. 255.255.255.252

Answer: a. 255.255.252.0

Explanation: A subnet mask of 255.255.252.0 allows for 4 subnets in a Class B network.

33. What is the broadcast address in a /30 subnet with a network address of 10.0.0.20?

a. 10.0.0.20
b. 10.0.0.21
c. 10.0.0.22
d. 10.0.0.23

Answer: d. 10.0.0.23

Explanation: In a /30 subnet with a network address of 10.0.0.20, the broadcast address is
10.0.0.23.

34. How many bits are reserved for the network portion in a Class C IP address?

a. 8 bits
b. 16 bits
c. 24 bits
d. 32 bits

Answer: c. 24 bits

Explanation: In a Class C IP address, the first 24 bits are reserved for the network portion.

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35. What is the subnet mask for a /21 prefix length in CIDR notation?

a. 255.255.254.0
b. 255.255.255.0
c. 255.255.248.0
d. 255.255.255.248

Answer: c. 255.255.248.0

Explanation: A /21 prefix length corresponds to a subnet mask of 255.255.248.0.

36. How many host addresses are available in a /29 subnet?

a. 6
b. 8
c. 14
d. 16

Answer: c. 14

Explanation: In a /29 subnet, there are 14 usable host addresses.

37. If you have a Class B network and you need 32 subnets, how many bits should you
borrow for subnetting?

a. 4 bits
b. 5 bits
c. 6 bits
d. 7 bits

Answer: b. 5 bits

Explanation: To create 32 subnets, you need to borrow 5 bits (2^5 = 32) from the Class B
network.

38. What is the maximum number of subnets you can create with a /19 prefix length in
binary form?

a. 8
b. 16
c. 32

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d. 64

Answer: c. 32

Explanation: A /19 prefix allows for 32 subnets (2^5 = 32).

39. What is the broadcast address in a /27 subnet with a network address of
192.168.0.96?

a. 192.168.0.96
b. 192.168.0.97
c. 192.168.0.126
d. 192.168.0.127

Answer: d. 192.168.0.127

Explanation: In a /27 subnet with a network address of 192.168.0.96, the broadcast address
is 192.168.0.127.

40. How many bits are reserved for the network portion in a Class A IP address?

a. 8 bits
b. 16 bits
c. 24 bits
d. 32 bits

Answer: a. 8 bits

Explanation: In a Class A IP address, the first 8 bits are reserved for the network portion.

41. What is the subnet mask for a /24 prefix length in CIDR notation?

a. 255.255.0.0
b. 255.0.0.0
c. 255.255.255.0
d. 255.255.255.255

Answer: c. 255.255.255.0

Explanation: A /24 prefix length corresponds to a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0.

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42. If you have a Class C network and you need 4 subnets, how many bits should you
borrow for subnetting?

a. 1 bit
b. 2 bits
c. 3 bits
d. 4 bits

Answer: c. 3 bits

Explanation: To create 4 subnets, you need to borrow 2 bits (2^2 = 4) from the Class C
network.

43. In a Class A network, if you need to subnet with a /16 prefix length, how many bits are
borrowed for subnetting?

a. 8 bits
b. 16 bits
c. 24 bits
d. 32 bits

Answer: c. 24 bits

Explanation: To subnet a Class A network with a /16 prefix length, you need to borrow 24
bits for subnetting, leaving 8 bits for host addresses.

44. How many host addresses are available in a /27 subnet?

a. 16
b. 30
c. 32
d. 64

Answer: b. 30

Explanation: In a /27 subnet, there are 30 usable host addresses.

45. What is the broadcast address in a /31 subnet?

a. Not applicable (no broadcast address)

b. Same as the network address

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c. Same as the next subnet's network address

d. Same as the next subnet's broadcast address

Answer: a. Not applicable (no broadcast address)

Explanation: In a /31 subnet, there is no separate broadcast address. It is a point-to-point

subnet, and both addresses are used for the two connected devices.

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