Experiment No.

10:
Title: Study of Single Stage Transistor Amplifier.
Objective:The main objectives of this experiment is to,
1. Trace the circuit diagram of a single stage transistor Amplifier;
2. Measure Beta (β) of the transistor with multi-meter.
3. Measure the voltage gain of the amplifier at 1 KHz.
4. Measure the voltage gain of the amplifier at different values of load resistance.
Theory:
Our purpose here will be to discuss single stage transistor amplifier. By a stage we mean a single
transistor with its bias and auxiliary equipment. It may be emphasized here that a practical amplifier is
always a multistage amplifier i.e. it has a number of stages of amplification. However, it is profitable to
consider the multistage amplifier in terms of single stages that are connected together. In this chapter, we
shall confine our attention to single stage transistor amplifiers.
Single Stage Transistor Amplifier
When only one transistor with associated circuitry is used for amplifying a weak signal, the circuit is
known as single stage transistor amplifier. A single stage transistor amplifier has one transistor, bias
circuit and other auxiliary components. Although a practical amplifier consists of a number of stages, yet
such a complex circuit can be conveniently split up into separate single stages. By analyzing carefully
only a single stage and using this single stage analysis repeatedly, we can effectively analyze the complex
circuit. It follows, therefore, that single stage amplifier analysis is of great value in understanding the
practical amplifier circuits.
How Transistor Amplifies?
Fig. 1 shows a single stage transistor amplifier. When a weak A.C. signal is given to the base of
transistor, a small base current (which is A.C.) starts flowing. Due to transistor action, a much larger (β
times the base current) A.C. current flows through the collector load RC. As the value of RC is quite high
(usually 4-10 kΩ), therefore, a large voltage appears across RC. Thus, a weak signal applied in the base
circuit appears in amplified form in the collector circuit. It is in this way that a transistor acts as an
amplifier. The action of transistor amplifier can be beautifully explained by referring to Fig. 10.1.
Suppose a change of 0.1V in signal voltage produces a change of 2 mA in the collector current.
Obviously, a signal of only 0.1V applied to the base will give an output voltage = 2 mA × 5 kΩ = 10V.
Thus, the transistor has been able to raise the voltage level of the signal from 0.1V to 10V i.e. voltage
amplification or stage gain is 100.

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Prepared By
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Equipment List:
1. Transistor – C828
2. Bread Board
3. Multimeter
4. Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO)
5. Resistor – 33K, 3.3K, 1.5K, 330Ω, 10K, 4.7K, 1K.
6. Capacitor - 100μF
7. DC Power Supply.
8. Signal Generator.

Circuit Diagram:

Experimental Procedure:
1. Measure β of the transistor with multi-meter.
2. Calculate DC operating point of the transistor circuit.
3. Implement the circuit as shown in the figure.
4. Measure the operating point with the help of table: 1 and compare with your calculated value.
5. Feed ac Signal of 1 kHz at the input and observe the input and output on the CRO.
6. Increase the input signal till the output wave shape starts getting distorted. Measure this input signal.
This is the maximum input signal that the amplifier can amplify without any distortion.
7. Now feed an ac signal that is less than the maximum signal handling capacity of the amplifier. Fix
the input signal frequency at 1 KHz,Draw the input and output voltage wave shape and calculate
gain.
8. Connect different load resistors and find the voltage gain of the amplifier for each.

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Discussion:
a) What has been taught in this experiment?
b) Discuss the causes of error.

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