LoGARITHM

) N= ax X= log a N
2) For Lega to be defined
(ç) a O Note - logo negati ve no.s

are hot ctined

providad atl Cas a'=|)

3) logal=6,
) lbgaa =|
loga mt loga n
s) logaimn) loqa m- loga n
6) logC mln)=
1) lbg a (m") = nxlogaCm)
3) loga m h
xlogaCm)
9) logaX=
lo) oga X = Logs X
log a

I1) log ak (X)== logaX)

2) log a1k (X) =

Kx loga(X)
13) xloga Y y log ax
1)x logx a=
1s) Base change vule -
loga X- loga Y (loqyx)
-(loqy (loga Y)
I6) log ab)x log la) - 1
11) logazithmie lnequaliy
If base >1 CasSume base = N),
1f
logX7 lognY ’ X)y
f0<base <1 Cassume base = N),
log X logn Y X<y
18) MoseInequalities
If base Ca) >l,
loga b c ’ b >ae
loga b<c ’b<ac
If base Ca) is betweeu O & I,
logab> c ’ 6<ac
Loga b<c ’ 6>a
19) Common log Cbase lo) shoulcd be uiecd for
ealeulaicn base is not giveu.
 y log 2x
e0) y-lg Increasing uue'

y- logr Decoeasig uu'

y log
assuupt
Cbase = a)
a) Interence from gaph
logaP)O
1f o <al, P> loga P<o
loga P<O
(oga P>I
a> P> ’o<loqa PK1
If
o<P<a<l loga P|
logaP<I
2)Cha7actezistics + Marhissa = logaN
Cha saceristics et the common logarithm ot
(s posttive and it is one less
nwm bes )1
num be of digits in ite integr al
than the
part. eharacteristics
and ,
for an no. between
is nagative and its conse ctwe 2eOores
is
IS One mOTe
magnitude
than the number of nme
-diately ter the dacinal point.