Abstract: This report aims to provide insights into Sigmund Freud's method of psychoanalytical

studies, widely recognized as the founder of psychoanalysis, a method of therapy that aims to uncover
the unconscious conflicts and desires that shape human behavior. It explores key concepts such as the
conscious and unconscious mind, the id, ego, and superego, as well as Freud's understanding of eros,
Thanatos, and libido. By examining these concepts and delving into the intricacies of these
psychological constructs, we can gain a deeper understanding of Freud's groundbreaking approach to
psychoanalysis and its implications for the field of psychology.

1. Introduction
Sigmund Freud, known as the father of psychoanalysis, revolutionized the field of psychology with
his method of psychoanalytical studies, offering profound insights into the human mind and its
hidden depths. Freud's approach aimed to understand the complexities of the human psyche by
exploring the unconscious and conscious processes. His belief in the vital role of the unconscious
mind in shaping human behavior led him to develop a method that focused on bringing these
unconscious desires and conflicts into conscious awareness. According to Freud, by achieving this
awareness, individuals can experience personal growth and psychological well-being.
Freud's method of psychoanalytical studies has had a lasting impact on psychology, as it provides a
comprehensive overview of the human psyche. His theories regarding the id, ego, and superego offer
a framework for understanding the different aspects of the mind and how they interact. Additionally,
concepts such as eros, Thanatos, and libido help explain the underlying motivations and drives that
influence human behavior.
By delving into the depths of the unconscious mind, Freud's method reveals the hidden layers of the
human psyche and sheds light on the underlying factors that shape behavior. This deeper
understanding allows individuals to gain insight into their thoughts, feelings, and actions, leading to
personal growth and psychological well-being.
Overall, Freud's psychoanalytical studies have revolutionized the field of psychology, offering
profound insights into the human mind and its complexities.

Keywords: Unconscious mind, Conscious mind, Id, Ego, Superego, Eros, Thanatos. Libido.

2. The Unconscious Mind

According to Freud, the unconscious mind plays a crucial role in shaping our thoughts, emotions, and
behaviors. It consists of thoughts, desires, and memories that are not accessible to our conscious
awareness. These repressed or forgotten experiences often influence our conscious thoughts and
behaviors in subtle ways. Freud proposed that the mind can be divided into the conscious and
unconscious levels. The conscious mind refers to thoughts, feelings, and experiences that are
currently in awareness. It operates on a superficial and limited level, only holding a small fraction of
our mental activity. On the other hand, the unconscious mind consists of thoughts and memories that
are outside of conscious awareness, often repressed due to their conflict with social norms or personal
values. Freud believed that we can gain insight into the underlying causes of psychological issues and
conflicts by accessing and exploring the unconscious. He stated that the unconscious mind influences
our behavior and can be accessed through various techniques such as dream analysis and free
association. At the core of Freud's method is the distinction between the unconscious mind and the
conscious mind. The unconscious mind, according to Freud, contains thoughts, memories, and desires
that are outside of conscious awareness but greatly influence our behavior. It is the repository of
repressed and forgotten experiences, as well as the source of primal instincts and desires. In contrast,
the conscious mind represents the thoughts and perceptions that we are aware of at any given
moment. The Conscious Mind
3. Id, Ego, and Superego
Freud developed a structural model of the mind consisting of three distinct but interconnected
structures: the id, ego, and superego. According to Freud's psychoanalytical theory, the id is the
primitive and instinctual part of the personality, driven by unconscious instincts and operating on the
pleasure principle to seek immediate gratification of desires and impulses. Similarly, the id operates
on the pleasure principle in order to satisfy basic biological needs and desires.
However, the ego serves as a mediator between the id and the external world. It operates on the
reality principle, balancing the demands of the id with the constraints of the external world and
social expectations. The ego regulates impulses, balances conflicting demands, and takes into account
the constraints of social expectations.
Furthermore, the superego represents the internalized moral standards and values of society. Acting
as a moral compass, it causes feelings of guilt for perceived wrongdoing. The superego operates on an
internalized set of rules, seeking to control and regulate the impulses of the id.
In summary, both texts emphasize the three parts of the mind - id, ego, and superego - and their roles
in regulating and guiding human behavior. Freud proposed that within the mind, there are three
main components: the id, ego, and superego. The id is the primitive part of the psyche, driven by the
gratification of instinctual desires and impulses. It operates on the pleasure principle, seeking
immediate satisfaction without regard for social norms or consequences. The ego, on the other hand,
acts as a mediator between the id and the external world, striving to find realistic ways to meet the
id's demands. It operates on the reality principle, considering social rules and norms. The superego
represents the moral conscience, internalizing societal values and enforcing moral standards. It serves
as an internalized parental figure, punishing the ego for aligning with the id's desires.
4. Eros and Thanatos
Freud proposed that human behavior is driven by two primary instincts: Eros (the life instinct) and
Thanatos (the death instinct). (Codelamps. inc, 2023). Eros encompasses the drive for self-
preservation, sex, and reproduction, while Thanatos represents the aggressive and destructive
impulses within us. These instincts are believed to operate unconsciously and influence our
motivations and actions. Freud introduced the concepts of eros, Thanatos, and libido as important
driving forces within the human psyche. Eros, often associated with the life instinct, represents the
drive for pleasure, love, and creative expression. It motivates individuals to seek pleasure, form
emotional connections, and engage in activities that promote life. Thanatos, on the other hand,
represents the death instinct and drives individuals towards aggression, self-destruction, and the
desire to return to an inanimate state. Libido, a term influenced by both eros and thanatos, refers to
the psychic energy that fuels all mental processes. It is the sum of an individual's instincts and desires,
driving behavior and shaping personality. Libido
5. Libido
Freud introduced the concept of libido, which refers to the psychic energy associated with the sexual
drive. He believed that libido, although primarily sexual, can also be redirected towards non-sexual
activities such as creative pursuits or intellectual endeavors. Freud argued that disturbances in the
libido's expression can lead to psychological issues, and understanding and resolving these
disturbances is key to achieving psychological well-being.

6. The Role of Dreams

One of Freud's most significant contributions to psychoanalytical studies was his exploration of
dreams. He proposed that dreams are a window into the unconscious and reflect our repressed
desires, fears, and unresolved conflicts. Freud developed a method called dream analysis, which
involved interpreting the symbols and manifest content of dreams to uncover their latent meaning.
By analyzing dreams, Freud believed he could gain insight into a person's unconscious motivations
and help them resolve inner conflicts.

7. Conclusion of The Theory

Freud proposed that his method of psychoanalytical studies revolutionized the field of psychology by
bringing attention to the unconscious mind and its influence on human behavior. Through the use of
various techniques, such as free association, dream analysis, and transference, Freud aimed to uncover
the repressed memories and desires that drive individuals' motivations and experiences. By gaining
insight into these unconscious conflicts, individuals could facilitate personal growth and healing.
Freud's emphasis on the importance of early childhood experiences and the unconscious mind also
laid the foundation for modern psychotherapy techniques. Although some of Freud's ideas have been
criticized and modified over time, psychoanalysis remains a significant approach to understanding
human behavior by the mentioned arguments, I intend to confirm the relativity of Freud’s
psychoanalytical theory.