Q1.

full-wave rectifier is more efficient than a half-wave rectifier.

A half-wave rectifier allows only one half of the AC waveform to pass through and
converts it into a pulsating DC (direct current) waveform. As a result, it wastes the other
half of the AC waveform, leading to lower efficiency. The efficiency of a half-wave
rectifier is typically around 40.6%.
On the other hand, a full-wave rectifier utilizes both halves of the AC waveform by
employing a bridge rectifier circuit or a center-tapped transformer. This allows it to
convert the entire AC waveform into a pulsating DC waveform. The full-wave rectifier
does not waste any part of the input waveform, resulting in higher efficiency. The
efficiency of a full-wave rectifier is typically around 81.2%.

Q2
in an HVDC rectifier circuit with a full wave rectifier and filter, the output frequency
remains the same as the input frequency due to the rectification process and the
smoothing action of the filter component.
Q3.
the relationship between the capacitor value and ripple voltage is inverse. A larger
capacitor value results in a smaller ripple voltage, while a smaller capacitor value leads
to a larger ripple voltage.
Q4.
To generate a high DC voltage with minimal oscillation voltage reduction on the output,
a full wave rectifier bridge circuit must be used. Which works more efficiently than the
half-wave circuit. This circuit provides a continuous current with a higher average
voltage compared to the half-wave circuit. To further reduce the oscillation voltage, a
capacitor filter is used. The capacitor is connected in parallel with the load. The
capacitor smoothes out variations in the output voltage resulting in a more stable,
fluctuation-free DC voltage.
By combining the Full Wave Bridge Rectifier with a Capacitor Filter, you can achieve a
high DC voltage with minimal ripple. However, it's important to select an appropriate
capacitor value that suits your desired level of ripple reduction. A larger capacitor value
will effectively reduce the ripple voltage further.