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Scicent AB TE U2 e
Scicent AB TE U2 e
2 Water
S ECTIONAL E XERCISE
2.1 The water cycle efer to Textbook
p.79–95
Sectional Exercise
4. The water cycle keeps the total amount of water on Earth constant. T
Integrated Exercise
B. Multiple-choice (5 marks)
Choose the correct answer for each question.
1. Which of the following combinations correctly shows the physical states of water at −10 °C
and above 100 °C?
At −10 °C Above 100 °C
A. Liquid Liquid
Spelling Corner
B. Liquid Gas
C. Solid Liquid
D. Solid Gas D
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Water 2
Sectional Exercise
zipper bag
ice
metal dish
beaker
coloured hot water
Integrated Exercise
Which of the following statements about the above experiment are correct?
(1) Water evaporates into water vapour, which condenses on the lower surface of the metal
dish.
(2) The ‘rain’ is colourless.
(3) The light from the table lamp removes the colour in the hot water.
A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) A
Spelling Corner
faster when
A. the air temperature is lower.
B. the surface area of the towel exposed to air is smaller.
C. there is more airflow.
D. the humidity of air is higher. C
1. Water can exist in three physical states: (a) solid , (b) liquid and
(c) gas .
2. Water can change to water vapour below the boiling point in a process called
evaporation .
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2 Water
3. In the water cycle, the energy from the Sun causes water to (a) evaporate into water
vapour, which then cools and (b) condenses to form water droplets higher up in the
sky. The water droplets join together to form (c) clouds . As the water droplets gather
and become heavy, they finally fall as (d) rain , snow or hail.
ice
hot water
Integrated Exercise
(a) What happens to the ice? Does the ice absorb or release energy? (2 marks)
The ice melts (1m) and absorbs energy. (1m)
E (b) Does the water in the glass evaporate faster or slower after adding the ice? Explain
your answer. (2 marks)
The water evaporates (i) slower (1m) after adding the ice because the rate of
evaporation of water (ii) decreases (1m) when the temperature is lower.
Spelling Corner
I II
The ground in case (i) I (1m) dries up faster because the (ii) temperature (1m) is
higher.
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Water 2
I II
Sectional Exercise
The clothes in case (i) II (1m) dry up faster because the (ii) humidity (1m) is lower.
I II
Integrated Exercise
The hands in case (i) I (1m) dry up faster because there is more (ii) airflow (1m) .
Spelling Corner
I II
The umbrella in case (i) I (1m) dries up faster because the (ii) exposed area (1m)
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2 Water
1. Water is called the universal solvent because it can dissolve all substances. F
(Water is called the universal solvent because it can dissolve many (but not all) different substances.)
2. The rate of dissolving increases when the solute is in powdered form. T
E 3. The amount of substance that can dissolve in a given amount of water is different for
Sectional Exercise
different substances. T
B. Multiple-choice (5 marks)
Choose the correct answer for each question.
B. Salt
C. Chalk dust
D. Sugar C
Flavourings, Vitamin C
成分:水、白糖、蘋果汁、蘆薈粒(每瓶含10克)、調味劑、維生素C
E 4. The following graph shows the solubilities of four different substances at different
temperatures.
substance Y
100 substance W
80
Sectional Exercise
substance X
60
40 substance Z
20
Temperature (°C)
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Integrated Exercise
A. Substance W
B. Substance X
C. Substance Y
D. Substance Z A
Spelling Corner
A. (1) only B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only B
1. When a substance dissolves in a liquid, a (a) solution is formed. The substance that
dissolves is called a (b) solute . The liquid in which the substance dissolves is called a
(c) solvent .
2. Water is called a (a) universal solvent . Many different substances are soluble in
water. However, there are still some substances that are (b) insoluble in water.
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2 Water
(a)
I II (2 marks)
5 g sugar
5 g sugar
tea (60 ºC) tea (60 ºC)
The sugar in case (i) I (1m) will dissolve faster because the surface area of the solute is
Sectional Exercise
I
(b) II (2 marks)
The sugar in case (i) II (1m) will dissolve faster because the solvent is (ii) stirred (1m) .
Integrated Exercise
(c)
I II (2 marks)
5 g sugar 5 g sugar
The sugar in case (i) I (1m) will dissolve faster because the (ii) temperature of the solvent
is higher (1m) .
2. Julie and her mother go to a restaurant. They order a cup of hot milk tea and a glass of iced
lemon tea.
Spelling Corner
The (a) temperature (1m) of a solvent affects the rate at which the (b) solute (1m)
dissolves. Since the temperature of iced lemon tea is lower, granulated sugar
(c) dissolves very slowly (1m) . So sugar syrup has to be used.
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Water 2
E 3. The following table shows the solubility of substance X in water at different temperatures.
Sectional Exercise
The solubility of substance X in water at different temperatures
60
Amount of 50
substance X that 40
dissolves in 100 cm 3
30
of water (g)
20
Integrated Exercise
10
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Correct axes (1m)
Temperature (°C) Correct scales (1m)
Correct data points (1m)
Correct line (1m)
(b) How many grams of substance X can be dissolved in 100 cm3 of water at 50 ºC?
(1 mark)
Spelling Corner
37 g (1m)
(c) How many grams of substance X will remain undissolved if 100 g of it is added to
100 cm3 of water at 30 ºC? (1 mark)
100 g – 28 g = 72 g (1m)
(d) What conclusion can be drawn from the results of the above experiment? (1 mark)
The solubility of substance X increases as the temperature of the water increases. (1m)
(e) A student suggested that more substance X can be dissolved by stirring the solution more
vigorously. Is he correct? Explain your answer. (2 marks)
No, (1m) because stirring does not affect the solubility of a substance. (1m)
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2 Water
(Natural water often contains insoluble impurities, soluble impurities (e.g. salt) and microorganisms.)
4. Filtration can remove soluble impurities in water. F
cannot
5. Water needs to be heated to its boiling point in the distillation process. T
B. Multiple-choice (5 marks)
Choose the correct answer for each question.
2. Leo uses the set-up as shown below to purify some muddy pond water.
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Water 2
Sectional Exercise
glass plate
Bunsen burner
water
(1) Salt
Integrated Exercise
(2) Sand
(3) Microorganisms
A. (1) only B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) D
Spelling Corner
A. (1) only B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) C
1. During sedimentation, large solid impurities settle at the bottom of the container to form a
layer of sediment .
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2 Water
insoluble impurities
muddy pond filter paper
water
filtrate
Sectional Exercise
funnel
filtrate
The filter paper has many (i) tiny pores (1m) . The (ii) insoluble impurities (1m)
are too large to pass through the pores on the filter paper.
Integrated Exercise
(b) The filtered pond water is not safe to drink. Explain why. (2 marks)
It is because the filtered pond water may still contain (i) soluble impurities (1m)
thermometer
water in
Spelling Corner
water out
stopper
flask
anti-bumping beaker
sea water
granule
water in
Bunsen burner
(a) Susan has made THREE mistakes in setting up the apparatus. Circle the mistakes and
correct them on the above diagram. (3 marks)
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Condenser (1m)
3. A ship crew is shipwrecked on an island without fresh water. Three crew members are
discussing how to obtain clean water from muddy pond water.
Sectional Exercise
We can let the muddy We can make a
pond water stand for device with sand
about an hour. and gravel, and
let the muddy
pond water pass
through the
device.
John Sam
Integrated Exercise
and then let the
vapour condense.
Wilson
(a) Name the water purification methods suggested by the three crew members. (3 marks)
(b) Complete the table below to show whether the impurities can be removed by the three
Spelling Corner
methods. Put a ‘3’ in the box if the impurity can be removed.
(Note: One mark would be deducted for each wrong answer.) (7 marks)
Method Leaves and Small solid Soluble
Microorganisms
suggested by mud impurities impurities
John 3 (1m)
(c) Referring to (b), which method can the crew use to obtain clean water from the muddy
pond water? (1 mark)
Method suggested by Wilson/Distillation (1m)
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2 Water
E F
Dongjiang water
E 3. In Hong Kong, fluoride is added to water in the water treatment process. T
B. Multiple-choice (4 marks)
Choose the correct answer for each question.
(3) Fluoride
A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) A
E 4. Which of the following is NOT involved in the water treatment process in Hong Kong?
A. Sedimentation
B. Filtration
C. Boiling
D. Chlorination C
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Water 2
Sectional Exercise
swimming pool
Integrated Exercise
(a) What are used to sterilize the water in the above swimming pool? (2 marks)
Ozone (1m) and ultraviolet light (1m)
(b) Both ozone and chlorine can be used to sterilize water. State ONE advantage and ONE
disadvantage of using ozone over chlorine. (2 marks)
(i) Advantage: Ozone does not have an irritating smell. (1m) / Ozone is more effective than
Spelling Corner
(c) Suggest ONE improvement in the design of Alex’s sterilization system to prevent
swimmers’ hair from clogging the filter. You can present your idea by writing or
drawing in the box below. (1 mark)
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2 Water
E 2. Describe the typical water treatment process by filling in the blanks below. (5 marks)
b (i) Alum (1m) is then added to make the solid impurities in the water stick
together. After that, the water is passed into a tank for (ii) sedimentation (1m) .
Sectional Exercise
e Fluoride (1m) is added to the water for the prevention of tooth decay.
Integrated Exercise
E 2. In Hong Kong, waste water is treated at water treatment works before discharged
into the sea. T
B. Multiple-choice (2 marks)
Choose the correct answer for each question.
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2. Which of the following labels represents the most water efficient grading?
A. B. C. D.
Sectional Exercise
C. Questions (15 marks)
1. The following summarizes the common sources of water pollution and the major pollutants
coming from them. Fill in the blanks with suitable words. (10 marks)
Integrated Exercise
Human waste, detergent (1m) Toxic chemicals (1m) , hot water
Spelling Corner
(c) Farm (1m) (d) Restaurant (1m)
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2 Water
2. The pictures below show the habits of Thomas. Does he help conserve water or reduce water
pollution? Put a ‘3’ if he does. Put a ‘✗’ if he does not and then write the improvement
method. (5 marks)
(a) ✗
He should turn off the tap while brushing his teeth. (1m)
Sectional Exercise
tap
(b) ✗
tap
Integrated Exercise
(c) 3 (1m)
(d) ✗
Spelling Corner
solid
waste
(e) ✗
chemical
waste
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Water 2
I NTEGRATED E XERCISE
A. True or false (10 marks)
Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement.
Sectional Exercise
3. Evaporation and condensation are the two main processes involved in the water cycle. T
Integrated Exercise
cannot
W X
Spelling Corner
Y Z
ice water steam
W X Y Z
A. Melting Boiling Freezing Condensation
B. Melting Condensation Boiling Freezing
C. Freezing Boiling Melting Condensation
D. Freezing Condensation Melting Boiling A
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2 Water
A beaker of crushed ice is heated. The graph below shows the changes in its temperature.
R S
100
Sectional Exercise
80
60
40
20
P Q
0 Time (min)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Integrated Exercise
2. Which of the following correctly shows the processes take place at parts PQ and RS?
PQ RS
A. melting evaporation
B. freezing boiling
C. freezing evaporation
D. melting boiling D
4. The water in the oceans, rivers and on land surfaces absorbs energy from the Sun and becomes
water vapour. What is this process called?
A. Melting
B. Boiling
C. Evaporation
D. Condensation C
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5. Some scientists estimated that the total volume of water on Earth is about 1.4 billion km3.
How much water was there on Earth 3000 years ago?
A. About 2.8 billion km3
B. About 1.4 billion km3
C. About 0.7 billion km3
D. About 0.1 billion km3 B
E 6. Under which of the following conditions will the evaporation of water be the fastest?
Sectional Exercise
Temperature Humidity
A. 25 ºC 60%
B. 25 ºC 80%
C. 35 ºC 60%
D. 35 ºC 80% C
7. In each of the following beakers, the water temperatures, the volumes of the water and the
masses of the sugar are the same. In which beaker will the sugar dissolve the fastest?
A. B.
Integrated Exercise
sugar in pieces sugar in powdered
form
C. D.
stir stir
Spelling Corner
sugar in pieces
sugar in powdered
form
8. Which of the following methods can produce drinking water from sea water?
(1) Sedimentation
(2) Filtration
(3) Distillation
A. (1) only B. (3) only
C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only B
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2 Water
9. Four students were asked to purify some pond water by filtration. Which of the following is
the proper way to carry out filtration?
A. B.
glass rod glass rod
Sectional Exercise
beaker beaker
C. D.
glass rod
Integrated Exercise
beaker beaker
Spelling Corner
10. Which of the following are the problems caused by E. coli in waste water?
(1) Diarrhoeal diseases
(2) Using up the oxygen in water
(3) Contamination of seafood
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3) B
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C. Matching (5 marks)
Match the terms with their descriptions by writing the corresponding letters i, ii, etc. in the blanks
below.
Term Description
(a) Condensation (i) can help prevent tooth decay.
(b) Rate of dissolving (ii) is the process in which a gas changes to a liquid.
E (c) Solubility (iii) can kill the microorganisms in water.
Sectional Exercise
(d) Chlorination (iv) refers to how fast a solute can dissolve in a solvent.
(e) Fluoridation (v) is the maximum amount of a solute which can dissolve in a
given amount of solvent.
Integrated Exercise
Mixture of salt add water and stir Salt (a) dissolves (1m) in water.
and sand Sand is (b) insoluble (1m) .
Spelling Corner
(d) Sand (1m) is the residue. (e) Salt solution (1m) is the filtrate.
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2 Water
E 2. Paul performs an experiment to find out how the solubilities of two substances change with
water temperatures. He presents his experimental results in the graph below.
substance X
50
45
Sectional Exercise
40
35
Amount of substance 30
that can dissolve in
100 cm3 of water (g)
25
20
15
Integrated Exercise
10
5
substance Y
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
(i) at which water temperature do substance X and substance Y have the same
Spelling Corner
solubility? 54 ºC (1m)
(ii) at which water temperature does the solubility of substance X equal to 30 g per
100 cm3 of water? 80 ºC (1m)
(b) How does the solubility change with the water temperature for (2 marks)
(i) substance X? Its solubility increases (1m) with the water temperature.
(ii) substance Y? Its solubility decreases with the water temperature. (1m)
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Water 2
EM
ST
3. John and Cherry have made their own flow controllers for water taps by using a 3D printer.
Sectional Exercise
John Cherry
(a) You are provided with a bucket, a measuring cylinder and a stopwatch. How can you
test John’s and Cherry’s claims? Fill in the blanks below. (3 marks)
Procedure:
1. Turn on a water tap and wait until the water flow is steady. Put the bucket
below the water tap for 5 seconds.
Integrated Exercise
water collected.
Spelling Corner
(b) The results of the test are shown in the table below.
According to the results, determine whether John and Cherry have made a valid claim.
Explain your answer by showing your calculation. (4 marks)
John’s claim is not (1m) valid.
150 − 120
× 100% = 20% (1m)
Percentage decrease in the flow rate = 150
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2 Water
4. In a city, people want to monitor the quality of water in a river. They collect water samples
from two sites (P and Q as shown).
factories
waste water
from factories
Sectional Exercise
farmlands
Integrated Exercise
Q
livestock farm
They then carry out tests to check the amount of heavy metals, the amount of fertilizers and
the oxygen content in the water samples. The results are shown below.
Spelling Corner
The amount of heavy metals The amount of fertilizers in Oxygen content in the
in the water samples the water samples water samples
P Q P Q P Q
site site site
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Water 2
(a) Explain why the amount of heavy metals in the water collected at P is higher than that
collected at Q. (1 mark)
P is near to the factories. Waste water discharged from the factories contains a larger amount of
(b) (i) Explain why the amount of fertilizers in the water collected at Q is larger than that
collected at P. (1 mark)
Sectional Exercise
Q is near to the farmlands and livestock farm. Waste water discharged from the farmlands
(ii) What effect does the increase of fertilizers in water have on the growth of algae?
(1 mark)
(c) (i) Explain why the oxygen content in the water collected at Q is lower than that
collected at P. (1 mark)
Integrated Exercise
(ii) What effect does the decrease in oxygen content in water have on the fish?
(1 mark)
Spelling Corner
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2 Water
S PELLING C ORNER
Look at each group of figures below. Use one key term in science to describe the figures. The
letters forming the missing part of the key term can be found on the right.
1.
N T C
N
N D A O
Sectional Exercise
O S I E
Key term: C O N D E N S A T I O N
2.
A R
V
Integrated Exercise
water vapour
P O
N O
A I
T E
Key term: E V A P O R A T I O N
Spelling Corner
3.
T T I
I
O A R
L
F N
Key term: F I L T R A T I O N
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