Charging current compensation in

line differential protection

Document ID: PP-11-20335

Budapest, August 2013
IED-EP+ Charging current compensation in line differential protection

User’s manual version information

Version Date Modification Compiled by

Version 1.0 29.08.2013. First edition Petri

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IED-EP+ Charging current compensation in line differential protection

CONTENTS

1 Charging current compensation in line differential protection .............................................4

1.1 Application ....................................................................................................................4
1.2 Mode of operation ........................................................................................................4
1.3 Structure of the charging current compensation ..........................................................5
1.4 Technical summary ......................................................................................................7
1.4.1 Summary of the parameters .................................................................................7
1.4.2 Summary of the generated output signals ............................................................7
1.4.3 Summary of the input signals................................................................................7
1.4.4 The function block .................................................................................................7

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IED-EP+ Charging current compensation in line differential protection

1 Charging current compensation in line differential

protection
1.1 Application
The line differential protection compares the currents at the ends of a line or cable. If the
difference is above the characteristic of the protection function then trip command is
generated.

In case of long overhead lines or cables the capacitive charging current can be large, needing
careful setting of the protection characteristic.

The capacitive charging current, however, can be calculated if the sampled values of the
derivative of the phase voltages are available and the positive and zero sequence
capacitance values are given as parameter values.

Using the calculated capacitive current at both line ends, the measured currents can be
compensated and the operation of the line differential protection function gets more stabile
even in case of sensitive characteristic setting values.

1.2 Mode of operation

The charging current compensation function block calculates the current compensation with
the following algorithm:

The derivatives of the phase voltages are approximated with voltage differences. E.g. in
phase L1:

In this formula
is the sampled value of the voltage at the k-th calculation step,
is the sampled value of the voltage one calculation step before,
is the calculation time step.

Using the derivative of the voltage, the charging current is approximated with the formula:

In this formula the calculation is performed with symmetrical component values, and
is the momentary value of the charging current,
is the capacitance calculated from the capacitive reactances.

For this calculation the line (or cable) is modeled with the equivalent “π” connection, where
the half of the capacitances of the line (or cable) is connected to both ends of the lines. The
values are calculated from the total positive and zero sequence capacitive reactances of the
line (or cable). These reactances are given as parameter values.

The algorithm calculates the Fourier components of the charging currents.

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The difference of the separately calculated Fourier components of the line currents and the
Fourier components of the charging currents is the compensated current:

In this formula
is for the phases L1, L2, L3,
is the compensated current in phase x
is the measured current in phase x
is the charging current in phase x

The line differential protection function gets the compensated current.

The current compensation can be enabled with binary parameter setting, and also the binary
input can block the algorithm. In disabled or blocked state the charging current is considered
to be zero, the line differential protection function uses the measured line currents.

1.3 Structure of the charging current compensation

Figure 1-1 shows the structure of the algorithm.

IL1 FourIL1

IL2 FourIL2

IL3 FourIL3

UL1 dU1 Four dU1 IchargL1 CompIL1 Compensated IL1Four

UL2 dU2 Four dU2 IchargL2 Compensated IL2Four

CompIL2

UL3 sU3 Four dU3 IchargL3 CompIL3 Compensated IL3Four

Four dUo
XC1, XCo
Parameters
BlkComp
Status signal

Figure 1-1 The charging current compensation algorithm

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The inputs are

 sampled values of the three line currents (IL1, IL2, IL3),
 sampled values of the three phase voltages (UL1, UL2, UL3),
 parameters,
 status signal.

The outputs are

 the Fourier components of the compensated line currents.

The software modules of the charging current compensation function:

Fourier IL1, IL2, IL3

These modules calculate the Fourier components of the measured line currents. In disabled
or blocked state the charging current is considered to be zero, the line differential protection
function uses these currents.

dU1, dU2, dU3

These modules calculate the derivatives of the measured phase voltages.

Fourier dU1, dU2, dU3

These modules calculate the Fourier components of the derivatives of the measured phase
voltages.

Fourier dUo
This module calculates the Fourier components of the derivatives of the zero sequence
voltage component.

Icharg L1, L2, L3

These modules calculate the Fourier components of the charging currents. The method of
calculation is described in Chapter 1.1.

Comp IL1, IL2, IL3

These modules calculate the Fourier components of the compensated currents by subtracting
the charging current from the measured line currents. In disabled or blocked state the
charging current is considered to be zero, the line differential protection function uses the
measured line currents.

The line differential protection gets the compensated currents.

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1.4 Technical summary

1.4.1 Summary of the parameters

Enumerated parameter

Parameter name Title Selection range Default

Enabling charging current compensation
CCC_Comp_EPar_ Compensation Off, On Off
Table 1-1 The enumerated parameter of the charging current compensation function

Float parameters

Parameter name Title Unit Min Max Step Default

Positive sequence capacitive reactance of the line or cable
CCC_XC1_FPar_ XC1 ohm 100 2000 0.1 500
Zero sequence capacitive reactance of the line or cable
CCC_XC0_FPar_ XC0 ohm 100 2000 0.1 500
Table 1-2 Float parameters of the charging current compensation function

1.4.2 Summary of the generated output signals

The charging current compensation function block does not generate any binary output
signal.

1.4.3 Summary of the input signals

Binary status signal

The charging current compensation function has a binary input status signal. The conditions
are defined by the user applying the graphic equation editor.

Binary status signal Title Explanation

CCC_BlkComp_GrO_ BlkComp Disabling charging current compensation
Table 1-3 The binary input signal of the charging current compensation function

1.4.4 The function block

The function block of the charging current compensation function is shown in Figure 1-2. This
block shows all binary input and output status signals that are applicable in the graphic
equation editor.

Figure 1-2 The function block of the charging current compensation function

The name of the signal is part of the “Binary status signal” name, shown in Table 1-3 above.

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