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Alert 52 Climate Change
Alert 52 Climate Change
2015
Binta Epelly/AP/SIPA
Wicked problems are just that. They are multidi- shunted down on the domestic agendas of nego-
mensional challenges that are difficult to resolve tiating states. At this year’s G20 summit in Turkey,
due to incomplete or contradictory information, the official economic agenda and its minor climate
differing views on the nature of the problem, or component were overshadowed by the Paris at-
complex interactions with other issues. Wicked tacks, the Syrian war, the refugee crisis, disputes
problems often blend into other issues and only with Russia and ongoing tensions in the South
become visible when their serious effects are felt. China Sea. Given the challenges facing a country
One such problem is climate change: a long-term like G20 host Turkey, how much importance will
issue for which the urgency of immediate action be given to climate change?
is increasingly evident. Long labelled a wicked
problem, efforts to cut back on the greenhouse No solutions yet, but...
gas emissions which cause climate change have
been slow, uneven, and politically divisive. Decades of work have gone into figuring out
how to prioritise and move forward on climate
Though parties to the United Nations Framework issues. The nature of climate talks has constantly
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) have evolved as engaged parties learned how to frame
repeatedly failed to agree and follow up on a robust the climate challenge in ways that make sense to
deal, hopes have been growing that the upcom- political leaders and policymakers. As a result of
ing 21st Conference of Parties (COP21) in Paris this creative thinking, the modus operandi of inter-
might deliver. Rounds of talks have taken place national climate diplomacy has changed. Below
this year to develop a common text to be finalised are five elements being incorporated into climate
and adopted in Paris, while climate action plans negotiations that may also be relevant when ap-
(Intended Nationally Determined Contributions proaching other global wicked problems.
– INDCs) have been submitted by nearly every
country. Unfortunately, opinions still differ over Pragmatism – From the outset, COP15 was still
some of the key pillars of the draft Paris text, and dominated by the thinking that led to the Kyoto
the collective impact of the INDCs – should they Protocol, with its emphasis on legally binding
be implemented as outlined – is expected to be emission cuts. But the final outcome (the 2009
insufficient to keep global warming to less than Copenhagen Accord), brokered by those coun-
2°C by the end of the century. tries with a preference for voluntary commit-
ments, heralded the end of Kyoto-style bargain-
And with political agendas always crowded, long- ing. Moving from Copenhagen to Paris, the focus
term issues like climate change can be easily of climate discussions has shifted from binding