Nacional, Eron John M.

BSMT 2-C

NAV 1

The magnetic compass, a fundamental navigational tool for centuries, relies on the Earth's
magnetic field to provide direction. Its intricate design consists of several key components, each
playing a crucial role in its operation.

Base Plate: The base plate serves as the foundation of the compass, providing a stable platform
for the other components. It is typically crafted from durable materials like plastic or metal and
features a direction-of-travel arrow that indicates the user's current facing.
Compass Dial: Affixed to the base plate, the compass dial is a rotating bezel marked with degrees
from 0 to 360 degrees. It acts as a reference point for determining direction and features
orienteering lines that aid in aligning the compass with a map.

Magnetic Needle: At the heart of the compass lies the magnetic needle, a lightweight, magnetized
piece of metal delicately suspended on a pivot point within the compass dial. Aligned with the
Earth's magnetic field, the needle consistently points towards magnetic north, providing the
compass's primary directional reference.

Orienteering Arrow: This small, triangular arrow is attached to the compass card and serves as
an additional alignment aid when using a map. It aligns with the map's grid lines, facilitating
accurate map orientation.

Ruling Edge: Integrated into the base plate, the ruling edge functions as a straight edge for
drawing lines on a map. It enhances map interpretation and allows users to mark their route or
other relevant information.

Lens: To improve visibility and clarity, a magnifying lens is often positioned over the compass
card. This magnifies the details of the compass markings, making them easier to read under
varying lighting conditions.

Gimbal Ring: In marine compasses, the gimbal ring is a stabilizing mechanism that ensures the
compass bowl remains level despite the ship's movements. It consists of three nested rings that
allow the bowl to rotate freely, compensating for the ship's pitch and roll.

Azimuth Mirror: For precise angle measurements, an azimuth mirror is incorporated into some
compasses. This small, reflective surface allows users to sight on distant landmarks, providing
highly accurate directional readings.

Liquid: To dampen the movement of the magnetic needle and reduce oscillations, a liquid, often a
mixture of alcohol and water, fills the compass bowl. This damping effect enhances the
compass's stability and accuracy.
Lubricant: A thin layer of lubricant, typically grease or oil, is applied to the pivot point where the
magnetic needle rotates. This lubrication minimizes friction, ensuring the needle's smooth and
unimpeded movement.