Davao Doctors College, Inc.

General Malvar St., Davao City

Nursing Program

COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING: IPCs for COVID-19, UHC, and COPAR

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in

NRG302: COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

Parantar, Kristine Valirie L.

Polestico, Ryan Christian S.
Policarpio, Angela, Dominique C.
Provido, Kriziah M.
Rebosura, Teresita S.
Rojas, Marliane C.
Solitario, Kyren Joice
Tacdoro, Gabrielle E.
Umpal, Gabriel T.
Vega, Samantha
Velasquez, Herchelle Grace J.

November 16, 2021

 DEEP DIVE

Focus: Community Organizing – Participatory Action Research (COPAR)

PHASES IN COPAR ACTIVITIES NURSE’S

RESPONSIBILITIES

Pre- Entry Phase 1. Community A nurse must do the

consultations/
-Is the initial phase of
the organizing process
where the community
organizer looks for
communities to serve
and help.
following:
dialogues
1. a. Inspect the
condition of
the community.
1. b.Still inspecting
if the community
pass the standards.

1. c. Implemented
standards and deliberate
these standards to the
team.

1. d. Prepare plans for

institutionalizing
COPAR.

2.Setting of issues 2. a. Choose the site

related to site for community
selection care and select
the site based
on the criteria of
site selection.

2. b. Consider
checking the
community's social
and economic
status.
 2. c. In selecting the
community,
consider checking
that the community
must be
depressed,
exploited and
oppressed.

2.d. Check for

inaccessible health
services.

2.e. Check for the

community peace
and order.

2.f. Evaluate the

community's or
people's interest in
accepting any type
of program.
3. Site selection
3. a. Make a long/short
list of potential
communities.

Criteria for Initial Site

Selection

● Must have a
population of
100-200 families.
● No strong
resistance from the
community and
economically
depressed.
● There is no
serious threat to
public order.
● There is no other
group or
organization that is
 running the same
program.

4. Preliminary 4. a. Determine
social contact person of the
investigation listed community.
(PSI)
4. b. Conduct an
ocular assessment
of the communities
on the list, noting
the accessibility
topography,
settlement pattern,
and physical
resources
available.

4. c. Obtain an
"overview" of the
community's
demographics,
health-care
services, and
facilities.

5. Networking with
5. a. Connect with
LGUs, NGOs and
the local
other
government, such
departments
as the LGU, NGO,
and other
departments that
can assist nurses
in implementing
the COPAR
program.
 Selecting Final
Community

● Interview residents
and key informants
in the
neighborhood
informally.
● Determine whether
the program is
needed in the
community.
● Jot-down the
highlights of
political
development.
● For secondary
data, make
community profiles.
● Construct survey
tools.
● Selecting foster
families based on
guidelines.

Identifying Host Family

● The house is
strategically
located in the
community.

● Should not be a
member of the
wealthy class.

● Respected by
both formal and
informal leaders.
 ● Neighbors have
no hesitation about
entering the house.

● No member of the
host family should
be moving out into
the community.

Entry 1. Integration with ● Courtesy call at the

the community barangay level.
₋ Actual entry and ● Establish rapport
immersion of 2. Sensitization of with the people in
community health the community or continuing effort to
workers in the information imbibe community
community. campaigns life.
₋ Sometimes called ● Coordinate with the
the social 3. Deepening social local officials on the
preparation phase. investigation safety of the
₋ This phase is community
crucial in 4. Core group (CG) organizers.
determining which formation ● Live with the
strategies for - Development of community and visit
organizing would criteria for as many people as
suit the chosen selection of CG possible.
community. members ● Listen and/or take
- Defining the part in small and
roles, functions informal group
and tasks of the discussions.
CG ● Comprehensive
data gathering
5. Coordination, through interviews,
dialog and records view and
consultation with participant
other community observations.
 organizations Updates of the
original plan can be
6. Self-awareness done.
and leadership ● Laying the
training (SALT) foundation of a
and action strong people's
planning organization by
identifying original
or indegenous
members of a
community with
leadership qualities
and bringing them
together to
exchange
knowledge and
insights about their
community
● Conduct the first
assembly in the
community to be
attended by the
traines Barangay
Health Workers.

Community Diagnosis 1. Provides baseline ● Identify trends in

-is the foundation for information about illness, injury, and
improving and promoting the health status death, and factors
the health of community of community which may cause
members. residents. these events.
-to define existing
problems, determine 2. Ensures that ● Identify available
available resources and decisions are resources and their
set priorities for planning, based on solid application.
implementing and information and
evaluating health action, evidence. ● Identify unmet
by and for the community. needs.
3. Helps set
priorities. ● Identify community
perceptions about
4. Helps Regional health issues.
 Health Authorities
assess outcomes ● Collect data
and results in the regarding specific
longer term. populations.

5. Gets community ● Identify at-risk and

members, high-risk
stakeholders and populations, i.e.,
a wide variety of frail elderly,
partners. unemployed/
underemployed
6. Involved in the people, women
decision-making without prenatal
process, helps care, troubled
them understand teens, children
the difficult behind on
choices that need immunizations, and
to be made, and low birth weight.
builds support
and commitment ● Asses nutritional
for addressing trends/ needs;
health needs on a housing, jobs,
community-wide healthcare
basis. providers, social
services, etc.
7. Provides insight
into the ● Monitor changing
fundamental community needs.
causes and
pathways of ● Assess changing
identifying population trends.
opportunities for
disease
prevention, health
promotion, and
health protection.

1. Community ● Coordinate with the

Community meetings to draw head of community
Organization / up guideline for to ask permission
Capability - building the community for the event.
Phase health ● Identify different

-Entails the formation of
more formal structure
and the inclusion of
more formal procedure
of planning,
implementing, and
evaluating
community-wise
activities. It is at this
phase where the
organized leaders or
groups are being given
training (formal,
informal, OJT) to
develop their style in
managing their own
concerns/programs. 2. Election of
3. Development of
organization platforms of
(CHO) announcements.
● May use social
media to make the
community be
informed of a
certain
event/meeting.
● Lead the meeting
and lay out the
CHO guidelines
with the help of
other community
officials.
● Take note of the
whole discourse
● Identify potential
Officers leaders by
assessing their
willingness and
ability, as well as
the traits that a
leader must have
● Remind those who
wishes to lead of
their foreseeable
roles and
responsibilities
● Review the roles
management and responsibilities
systems of the officers and
(delineation of members of CHO
roles, functions, and have the
elected officers be
and tasks of
aware of it.
officers and ● Designate tasks
members of accordingly and
CHO). clearly so as not to
create confusions
● Answer questions
 (if present).

● Determine the
objectives of the
4. Training of training session
● Determine
Leaders
appropriate set of
activities to be
conducted
● Assess the ability
of the leaders to
communicate,
coordinate, and
cooperate with
each other, as
these traits are
attributed to
accomplishments.

● Determine and
inform the
participants of the
5. Team building objectives of the
exercises activity
● Conduct team
building activities
congruent to the
objectives
● Assess the ability
of the participants
to communicate,
coordinate, and
cooperate with one
another.

● Conduct a team
building activity /
leadership training
6. ARAS
and reflection
(Action-Reflection sessions
, Action-Session simultaneously.
● Lay out the
 essence and
lesson of the
activity to the
participants.
● Allow the
participants to
share their own
incites regarding
the activities to
evaluate a sense
of reflection.

a. Organization and ● This means that

Community Action training of you are doing
(BHWs): some
-Also known as the organizational
mobilization phase, the training to the
action phase refers to community health
implementation of the workers.
community’s planned ● BHW or the
projects and programs. barangay health
workers
-In this phase our focus is ● Select interested
not the leaders but the workers in the
workers already who are community
doing some actions. ● Develop the criteria
of selection of
-Important considerations healthcare
during the mobilization workers.
phase are as follows: ● Develop the criteria
of selection of
healthcare
workers,
● Train and establish
the workers,
 Project
implementation -
(or project
execution) is the
phase where
visions and plans
b. PIME of health
become reality.
services
Monitoring and
(Project
evaluation -
Implementation,
Monitoring and
Monitoring and
evaluation are
Evaluation)
processes that
help improve
project and
organizational
performance so
that you can
achieve the
recommended
results. These
provide detailed
information on
assessed activities
and where
improvements can
be made.

● People need to
identify their problem
in the community
and act for their
problem.
● There should be a
project
implementation
● Set up your goals,
need to implement
initiative to solve
problems.
● Monitor correctly
being done by
community
members,
 ● Need to monitor it if
there are any
sustainability in the
actions you need to
set for a time.
c. Setting up of ● Lastly, the people
linkages/ need to be
Network/ referral evaluated, which
systems. means to evaluate if
there is a good
implementation of
actions.

● The community
should have linkages
or good connection
and referral system,

● Linkages. This
refers to the
interplay between
the community and
health specialists
within a locality for
the purpose of
establishing the
necessary
resources for the
people to adopt
healthier lifestyles.
● Network.
Community
networks refers to
ensuring that
residents have
access to
computers and the
Internet. It
increases
communication
between residents
and organizations,
increasing
residents'
 participation in
their community.
● Referal Systems.
This means
services to assist
families in
obtaining
community
resources,
including health
care, mental health
care, employability
development and
job training, and
other social
services.
● The term resource
mobilization refers
to all activities
undertaken by a
startup or an
organization to
secure new and
additional financial,
human and
material resources
to advance its
mission.
● Needs to identify
the resources they
have in the
community
● Solving problem
and community
d. Resource issues,
mobilization ● Should have an
initial identification
of their resources
and use this
resources in fixing
their issues in the
community.
 ● Organizational set
up and identified
the resources that
they have in the
community .
● The development
criteria must be
done so that the
training of the
community health
workers will be
established.

Sustenance and 1. Formulation and ● Nurses must

Strengthening Phase ratification of formulate and ratify
constitution and the constitution to
- It occurs when the by-laws. help and guide the
community organization has community.
already been established 2. Identification and
and the community
development of ● Developing
members are already
“secondary” secondary leaders.
actively participating in
community-wide
leaders.
undertakings. ● Education and
3. Setting up and training of CHO for
institutionalizatio monitoring health
n of a financing programs.
scheme for
community health ● Linkage and
programs/activitie networking.
s.
● Meeting with the
4. Formalization and organizational
institutionalizatio leaders.
n of linkages,
networks, and ● Conduct of
referral systems. mobilization on
health and
5. Development and developing
implementation of concerns.
viable
management ● Implementation of
systems and livelihood projects.
 procedures,
committees, ● Evaluation of the
continuing programs.
education/trainin
g of leaders, ● Re-implementing
community health of the programs.
workers, and (For unmet goals)
community or Implementation
residents. of livelihood
projects.

Turn Over 1. Work is turned ● Responsible for

over to the communicating
-Transfer of community organization. relevant
organising roles and information to
responsibilities and 2. Documentation of appropriate
documents to the performed authorities,
community organization. services. agencies, and,
circumstances, most importantly,
views, problems, clients, as well as
and contributing to
achievements. client care and
assisting in the
3. Departure from study of community
the immersion circumstances.
location.

● Nurses must
ensure that
community health
workers are
capable of fulfilling
their
responsibilities
within their
communities, such
as keeping a
written account of
services rendered,
observations,
condition, needs,
problems, and
 client attitude,
participation in
community
activities,
accomplishments,
and so on.

● People's ability to
keep and maintain
their recording and
reporting system
should be
developed.

DESTINATION CHECK

What are the considerations that need to be kept in mind when selecting a leader
within the community and the place of gathering to discuss community problems in
the community?

When choosing a community leader, we must take into account a variety of

variables. One of these abilities is the capacity to manage people by being able to
lead without feeling entitled to their position. Regardless of their stature or position,
the expression "walking beside, not leading above" is a very good display of
leadership, as cliche as it may sound. Although leaders have authority, they should
also be able to walk alongside community members, listen to their thoughts or
concerns, and collaborate with everyone in the community to motivate others in
creating solutions that benefit the entire community. He or she should also be able to
adapt to the community and enjoy working and living there. Aside from these skills, a
community leader must be able to optimize their own and each member's own
qualities and abilities. Because community activities frequently require dealing with
problems as a group, each member should be given the opportunity to maximize
their abilities and contribute ideas that may aid in the acquisition of solutions, and
this will be made possible by a good leader who encourages suggestions and ideas
from the group members. Because effective community leadership is about creating
relationships and working together, the leader must also be able to create a
collaborative climate inside the community. Furthermore, being a community leader
entails thinking beyond today.
 Another factor to consider when choosing a leader is whether or not he or she
believes in the vision of change, empowerment, and development of the community
and people, and whether or not he or she is capable of making broad decisions that
will benefit the community and people in the future and even after his or her
leadership ends. A leader who is empathic with the individuals or community with
whom he or she is working should also be evaluated. In the first place, community
leadership is not about politics. Community leadership is more than anything else
about people and how you deal with difficulties in your community. Finally, a strong
leader should be able to provide a good example for the community to follow. People
frequently regard leaders as role models who they look up to and emulate in their
conduct. So, if a landlord wants individuals to separate their rubbish, he or she must
do the same within his or her own household. We should also think about picking a
leader who can lead by example.