JMJ Marist Brothers

College of Engineering, Architecture and Computing

Notre Dame of Marbel University
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

Name: KRISMER KING D. SOLOMON Date: 02/14/23

Course & Year: BS ARCHITECTURE – 2A Rating:
Instructor: AR. ARNIE MAY B. VILDA. UAP

ARCH 125 – HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 2

ASSIGNMENT # 1

WHAT IS MUGHAL ARCHITECTURE? GIVE FIVE (5) BUILDING

EXAMPLES WITH DESCRIPTION.

MUGHAL ARCHITECTURE

A BUILDING STYLE THAT WAS POPULAR IN NORTHERN AND

CENTRAL INDIA FROM THE MIDDLE OF THE 16 TH CENTURY TO THE
LATE 17TH CENTURY UPTO MID 18TH CENTURY WHILE BEING
SUPPORTED BY THE MUGHAL EMPERORS. NORTHERN INDIA
UNDERWENT A DRAMATIC RENAISSANCE OF ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE
DURING THE MUGHAL ERA. PERSIAN, INDIAN, AND DIFFERENT
REGIONAL STYLES WERE COMBINED TO CREATE WORKS OF
EXCEPTIONAL QUALITY AND ELEGANCE UNDER THE PATRONAGE OF
THE MUGHAL EMPERORS.

THE MUGHALS ESTABLISHED INDO-ISLAMIC CULTURE

THROUGH THEIR ART AND ARCHITECTURE, PART OF WHICH WAS
INFLUENCED BY PERSIAN CULTURE. DIFFERENT ARCHITECTURAL
STYLES WERE DEVELOPED PARTICULARLY IN NORTHERN AND
CENTRAL INDIA BY MUGHAL MONARCHS. THE MUGHAL CULTURE WAS
REINFORCED BY INDIA'S ANCIENT PAST AS BEING THE MOST
DIVERSE UP UNTIL IT EMERGED IN INDIA. THE MUGHALS ARE WELL-
KNOWN IN INDIA NOT ONLY FOR THEIR RULE OVER THE COUNTRY
BUT ALSO FOR ADVANCING INDO-ISLAMIC CULTURE VIA THE
CREATION OF VARIOUS WORKS OF ART AND ARCHITECTURE.
 JMJ Marist Brothers
College of Engineering, Architecture and Computing
Notre Dame of Marbel University
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

MUGHAL STYLE ARCHITECTURE

MUGHALS BROUGHT IN PERSIAN STYLE INTO INDIAN

ARCHITECTURE. THE CHARACTER AND STRUCTURE OF MUGHAL
BUILDINGS DISPLAYED A UNIFORM CHARACTER AND STRUCTURE.
SOME OF THE MAIN FEATURES OF MUGHAL ARCHITECTURE ARE
MENTIONED BELOW.

1. LARGE HALLS

2. VERY LARGE VAULTED GATEWAYS

3. DELICATE ORNAMENTATION

4. BULBOUS DOMES

5. SLENDER MINARETS WITH CUPOLAS AT THE 4 CORNERS

EXCELLENT FORTS, MOSQUES, MAUSOLEUMS, GARDENS, AND

CITIES WERE BUILT BY THE MUGHALS. MUGHAL ARCHITECTURE WAS
FIRST CREATED BY AKBAR, WHO SHOWED A TREMENDOUS LOVE OF
ARCHITECTURE BY CAREFULLY PLANNING AND ERECTING
MAGNIFICENT STRUCTURES. HE MADE THE MOST OF THE PERSIAN
AND HINDU ARCHITECTURAL STYLES. THE USE OF RED SANDSTONE
INLAID WITH WHITE MARBLE AND PAINTED DECORATIONS ON THE
WALLS AND CEILING ARE THE DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS OF
AKBAR'S CONSTRUCTIONS.

MUGHAL ARCHITECTURE IS THE TERM USED TO DESCRIBE THE

NEW INDIAN STYLE OF ARCHITECTURE. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE
MUGHALS INCLUDED ELEMENTS OF PERSIAN, TURKIC, TIMURID
IRANIAN, CENTRAL ASIAN, AND INDIAN HINDU STYLES. DURING
AKBAR'S RULE, MUGHAL ARCHITECTURE INITIALLY EMERGED AND
FLOURISHED. RED SANDSTONE WAS OFTEN USED DURING THIS TIME
TO CONSTRUCT BUILDINGS. SHAH JAHAN'S REIGN MARKED THE APEX
 JMJ Marist Brothers
College of Engineering, Architecture and Computing
Notre Dame of Marbel University
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

OF MUGHAL ARCHITECTURE. FOLLOWING AURANGAZEB'S DEATH,

MUGHAL ARCHITECTURE STARTED TO DETERIORATE. KNOWN FOR
CREATING EXQUISITE QUADRILATERAL GARDENS, THE MUGHALS.

BUILDING EXAMPLES

SOME OF THE MOST FAMOUS BUILDINGS CREATED DURING THE

MUGHAL ERA ARE GIVEN BELOW.

TAJ MAHAL

IT WAS BUILT BY SHAH JAHAN BETWEEN 1632 AND 1653, IN

MEMORY OF HIS WIFE MUMTAZ MAHAL (“CHOSEN ONE OF THE
PALACE”). THE UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND
CULTURAL ORGANISATION (UNESCO) RECOGNIZED THE TAJ MAHAL
AS A WORLD HERITAGE SITE IN 1983. IT IS LOCATED IN AGRA. THE
BUILDING OF THE TAJ MAHAL BEGAN ABOUT 1632. THE MAUSOLEUM
ITSELF WAS COMPLETED BY ABOUT 1638–39. THE ADJUNCT
BUILDINGS WERE FINISHED BY 1643, AND DECORATION WORK
CONTINUED UNTIL AT LEAST 1647. IN TOTAL, CONSTRUCTION OF THE
42-ACRE (17-HECTARE) COMPLEX SPANNED 22 YEARS. THE TAJ
MAHAL IS BUILT OF WHITE MARBLE THAT REFLECTS HUES
 JMJ Marist Brothers
College of Engineering, Architecture and Computing
Notre Dame of Marbel University
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

ACCORDING TO THE INTENSITY OF THE SUNLIGHT OR THE

MOONLIGHT.

RED FORT

THE RED FORT IS A HISTORICAL FORTIFICATION IN THE OLD

DELHI AREA. SHAH JAHAN CONSTRUCTED IT IN THE YEAR 1639 AS
A RESULT OF A CAPITAL SHIFT FROM AGRA TO DELHI. USED AS
THE MAIN RESIDENCE OF THE EMPERORS OF THE MUGHAL
DYNASTY, THIS IMPOSING PIECE OF ARCHITECTURE DERIVES ITS
NAME FROM ITS IMPREGNABLE RED SANDSTONE WALLS. IN
ADDITION TO ACCOMMODATING THE EMPERORS AND THEIR
HOUSEHOLDS, IT WAS THE CEREMONIAL AND POLITICAL CENTRE
OF THE MUGHAL STATE AND THE SETTING FOR EVENTS
CRITICALLY IMPACTING THE REGION. TODAY, THIS MONUMENT IS
HOME TO SEVERAL MUSEUMS THAT HAVE AN ASSORTMENT OF
PRECIOUS ARTEFACTS ON DISPLAY. EVERY YEAR, THE INDIAN
PRIME MINISTER UNFURLS THE NATIONAL FLAG HERE ON THE
INDEPENDENCE DAY.

SHALIMAR GARDENS
 JMJ Marist Brothers
College of Engineering, Architecture and Computing
Notre Dame of Marbel University
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

THE BAGH WAS BUILT BY MUGHAL EMPEROR JAHANGIR FOR HIS

WIFE NOOR JAHAN, IN 1619. THE BAGH IS CONSIDERED THE HIGH
POINT OF MUGHAL HORTICULTURE. IT IS A MUGHAL GARDEN
COMPOUND IN LAHORE, THE PAKISTANI REGION OF PUNJAB’S
CAPITAL. THE GARDENS WERE BUILT DURING THE HEIGHT OF THE
MUGHAL EMPIRE’S ARCHITECTURAL AND AESTHETIC SPLENDOR. THE
GARDENS WERE STARTED IN 1641 AND FINISHED IN 1642, UNDER THE
REIGN OF EMPEROR SHAH JAHAN. THE SHALIMAR GARDENS WERE
DESIGNATED AS A UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITE IN 1981 BECAUSE
THEY EXEMPLIFY MUGHAL GARDEN DESIGN AT ITS PINNACLE. THE
LAYOUT OF THE GARDEN IS AN ADAPTATION OF ANOTHER ISLAMIC
GARDEN LAYOUT KNOWN AS THE PERSIAN GARDENS. THIS GARDEN
BUILT ON A FLAT LAND ON A SQUARE PLAN WITH FOUR RADIATING
ARMS FROM A CENTRAL LOCATION AS THE WATER SOURCE. IT
NEEDED TO BE MODIFIED TO SUIT THE HILLY TERRAIN AND
AVAILABILITY OF A WELL, WHICH COULD BE DIVERTED FROM A
HIGHER ELEVATION TO THE PLANNED GARDENS.

JAMA MASJID
 JMJ Marist Brothers
College of Engineering, Architecture and Computing
Notre Dame of Marbel University
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

JAMA MASJID IS DELHI’S PRINCIPAL MOSQUE, THE PLACE WHERE

THE CITY’S MUSLIMS TRADITIONALLY GATHER FOR FRIDAY
COMMUNAL PRAYER; JAMA MASJID IS ARABIC FOR “FRIDAY
MOSQUE.” THE MOSQUE IS NEAR THE RED FORT, YET ANOTHER OF
SHAH JAHĀN’S BUILDINGS. JAMA MASJID AND ITS COURTYARD STAND
ON AN OUTCROPPING MORE THAN 30 STEPS HIGHER THAN THE
STREET, GIVING THE MOSQUE A COMMANDING VIEW OF THE
SURROUNDING AREA. THE LONGER NAME, MASJID-I JAHĀN NUMĀ,
TRANSLATES TO “WORLD-REFLECTING MOSQUE” OR “WORLD-
DISPLAYING MOSQUE.” THE MOSQUE WAS BUILT BY A CREW OF
SOME 5,000 WORKERS. THE PRINCIPAL CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL
WAS RED SANDSTONE, BUT SOME WHITE MARBLE WAS ALSO USED.

BADSHAHI MOSQUE
 JMJ Marist Brothers
College of Engineering, Architecture and Computing
Notre Dame of Marbel University
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

THE MUGHAL EMPEROR AURANGZEB BUILT THE BADSHAHI

MOSQUE, OR THE 'EMPEROR'S MOSQUE', IN 1673
IN LAHORE, PAKISTAN. THE MOSQUE DISPLAYS AN EXCELLENT
EXAMPLE OF MUGHAL ERA ARCHITECTURE. THE SECOND LARGEST
MOSQUE IN PAKISTAN, AFTER THE FAISAL MOSQUE IN ISLAMABAD,
THE SANCTUARY ACCOMMODATES OVER 55,000 WORSHIPERS. JAMA
MASJID IN DELHI, INDIA, CLOSELY RESEMBLES THE ARCHITECTURE
AND DESIGN OF THE BADSHAHI MASJID. BADSHAHI MASJID IS ONE OF
THE LOCATIONS WHERE QARI' ABDUL BASIT RECITED THE QUR'AN.