Scientist Shee!

>CLASS 11th
S.no Scientist name Contribution/Awards NCERT page no.
Ernst Mayr a) called as Darwin of 20th NCERT page 2 Class 11th bio
century
b) awarded with triple crown
of biology
2}1Carolus Linnaeus a) gave the system of NCERT page 6 Class 11th bio
binomial
nomenclature NCERT page 16 Class 11th bio
b) gave the system of two NCERT page 29 Class 11th bio
kingdom classification
c) gave artificial system of
classification
3) Aristotle a) earliest to attempt a more NCERT page 16 Class 11h bio
scientific basis of
classification
4) R.H Whittaker a) gave 5 kingdom system of NCERT page 17 CIlass 11th bio
classification
in 1969
5) Carl Woese a) gave 6 kingdom Not in NCERT
classification
6)D.J.Iwanosky a) recognized certain
microbes as causal
NCERT page 26 Class 11h bio

organisms of tobacco
mosaic disease
b) found that virus were
smaller
than bacteria and passed
through bacteria proof
filter

7) M.W.Beijerinek a) contagium vivum fluidum

b) gave the name virus
NCERT page 26 Class 11th bio

8) W.M.Stanley a) viruses could be

crystallised and these
NCERT page 26 Class 11th
bi
crystals consisted largely of
proteins
9) T.0.Diener a) discovered viroids in 1971 NCERT page 27 Class 11th bio

10)| Bentham and
Hooker
11)| Katherine Esau
NCERT page 30 Class 11th bio
a) gave natural system of
classification
NCERT page 64 Class 11th bio
a) reported that curly top
virus spreads in a plant
through phloem
b) dominated the field of
plant biology even at the
age of 99

12) G.N.Ramachandrana) discovered triple helical NCERT page 124 Class 11th
bio
structure of collagen
b) gave Ramachandran plot
for conformational analysis
of proteins
13)| Linus Pauling a) published models of a NCERT page 124 Class 11h
helix and B-sheet bio
structures of proteins
NCERT page 125 Class 11th
14)| Leeuwenhoek a) saw first live cell
bio
NCERT page 125 Class 11th
15) Robert Brown a) discovered nucleus
bio
(1831)
16) Matthias Schieldena) observed that all plants are NCERT page 125 Class 11th
composed of different bio
(1838) kinds of cells
b)gave cell theory with
schwann
a) animal cells have plasma NCERT page 126 Class 11th
17)| Thedore Schwann
membrane bio
(1839) b)presence of cell wall is a
unique character to plane
cells
c) gave cell theory along with
schielden

18) Rudolf Virchow a) explained the concept of NCERT page 126 Class 11h
omnis cellula-e-cellula and bio
modified cell theory
19)| Singer and Nicolsona) fluid mosaic model of cell NCERT page 132 Class 11th
membrane bio
(1972)
a) discovered golgi complex NCERT page 133 Class 11th
20) Camillo golgi bio
(1898)
NCERT page 136 Class 11th
21) George Palade a) discovered ribosomes
bio
(palade particles)
(1953)
 a)coined the term NCERT page 138 Class 11n
22) Flemming chromatin bio
NCERT page 174 Class 11th
23)| Melvin Calvin a)put radioactivity to
bio
beneficial use
b) proposed Calvin Cycle
NCERT page 194 Class 11h
24) Julius Von Sachs a) discovered hydroponics
bio
(1860) b) provided evidence for NCERT page 208 Class 11th
production of glucose by bio
growing plants
c) found that chlorophyll is
located in chloroplasts
d) glucose is formed in green
parts of the plant and is
stored as starch
25)| Joseph Priestley a) revealed essential role of NCERT page 207 class 11th
air in growth of plants bio
b) discovered oxygen in 1774
c) said that plants restore
OXygen in air
NCERT page 207 Class 11th
26) Jan Ingenhousz a) showed that sunlight is
essential for photosynthesis bio
b) green parts of plants
release oxygen during
photosynthesis
NCERT page 208 Class 11h
27) T.W.Engelmann a) gave first action spectrum
of photosynthesis bio
NCERT page 208 Class 11th
28) Cornelius Van Neil a) showed that oxygen
bio
evolved in photosynthesis
comes from water and not
CO2
a) gave Blackmann's law of NCERT page 222 Class 11h
29) Blackmann bio
limiting factors
(1905) NCERT page 228 Class 11h
30)| Embden, Meyerhof a) gave mechanism of bio
and Parnas glycolysis (EMP pathway)
a) gave Krebs' cycle NCERT page 231 Class 11th
31) Hans Krebs
bio
NCERT page 247 Class 11th
32) Charles Darwin anda) observed that coleoptiles bio
of canary grass bend
Francis Darwin towards the light source
33)| F.W.Went a) isolated Auxin from tip of NCERT page 247 Class 11n
coleoptiles of oat seedlings bio
34) E.Kurosawa a) discovered gibberellic acid NCERT page 248 Class 11th
bio
a) discovered cytokinins NCERT page 248 Class 11th
35) Miller et.al bio
 NCERT page 248 Class 11th
36)| H.H.Cousins a) discovered ethylene
bio

37) Alfonso Corti discovered Organ of Corti NCERT page 256 Class 11"
bio

>Class 12th
S.no
Scientist name Contribution/Awards NCERT page no.
1) Panchanan a) popularised use of NCERT page 2 Class 12th bio
Maheshwari embryological aspects in
taxonomy

2) Watson and Crick a) double helical model of B NCERT page 68 Class 12th bio
DNA

3) Gregor Mendel a) performed experiments on NCERT page 70 Class 12th bio

garden peas and gave
(1856-1863) various laws
4)Reginald.C.Punnetta) british geneticist who NCERT page 71 Class 12th bio
developed punnett square
5) De Vries,Correns, a) rediscovered mendel's NCERT page 81 Class 12th bio
results
Tschemark
6) Sutton and Boveri a) noted that behaviour of NCERT page 81 Class 12th bio
chromosomes is similar to
that of genes
b) gave chromosomal theory NCERT page 83 Class 12th bio
of inheritance

7) Thomas Morgan a) proved chromosomal NCERT page 83 Class 12h bio

theory of inheritance
b) called as Father of
Experimental Genetics
8) Alfred Sturtevant a) created the genetic map of NCERT page 83 Class 12th bio
drosophila
9) Henking a) gave the name X-Body NCERT page 85 Class 12th bio
10) Fredrich Meischer a) gave the name of acidic NCERT page 97 Class 12th bËo
substance found in the
nucleus as Nuclein

11) Maurice Wilkins & a) gave X-Ray diffraction data NCERT page 97 Class 12th bio
on the basis of which
Rosalind Franklin
Watson and crick gave
double helix model
12) Erwin Chargaff a) A+T/G+C=1 NCERT page 97 Class 12h bio
13) Francis Crick a) gave Central Dogma of NCERT page 98 Class 12th bio
Biology
 NCERT page 100 Class 12th
14) Fredrick Griffith a) gave the transformation
bio
principle
(1928)
NCERT page 101 Class 12th
15) Avery, McLeod, a) proved for the first time
bio
that DNA is the genetic
McCarty material
a)gave the unequivocal NCERT page 101 Class 12th
16)| Alfred Hershey & proof that DNA is the bio
Martha Chase genetic material
17) Meselson & Stahl a) proved that DNA NCERT page 101 Class 12n
replication is semi bio
conservative in nature
18) George Gamow a) argued that genetic code NCERT page 111 Class 12th
should be made up of 3 bio
nucleotides

19) Hargobind Khoranaa) developed a method

NCERT page 112 Class 12th
useful to from RNA bio
molecules with defined
sequence of bases
20) Marshall Nirenberg a) developed a cell free NCERT page 112 Class 12n
system for protein bio
synthesis
21)| Jacob & Monod a) explained Lac Operon NCERT page 116 Class 12th
bio
NCERT page 122 CIass 12th
22)| Alec Jeffreys a) developed the technique
of DNA fingerprinting bio

23)| Louis Pasteur a) Disproved the theory of NCERT page 127 Class 12th
spontaneous generation bio
a) proposed that life NCERT page 127 Class 12th
24) Oparin & Haldane bio
originated from non-living
organic molecules
25) S.L.Miller a) proved the theory given by NCERT page 127 Class 12th
Oparin &Haldane (in 1953)| bio
26) Charles Darwin a) Natural Selection NCERT page 134 Class 12th
b) Branching Descent bio
NCERT page 129 Class 12th
27) Alfred Wallace a) came to similar
conclusions as Charles bio

Darwin while working in

Malay Archipelago islands
28)| Lamarck a) gave the theory of use and NCERT page 135 Class 12th
disuse of organs bio

29) Thomas Malthus a) published his work on NCERT page 135 Class 12th
bio
population studies which
inspired Darwin
NCERT page 135 Class 12th
30) Hugo De Vries a) gave the concept of
Saltation which played role bio
in evolution
 NCERT page 136 Class 12th
31) Hardy-Weinberg a) gave a principle according
bio
to which gene frequency
in a population remains
same across generations
32) M.S.Swaminathan a) Father of GreenRevolution NCERT page 144 Class 12h|
in India bio

a) discovered blood NCERT page 145 Class 12th

33) William Harvey circulation bio

b) disproved the concept of

Black Bile
a) was a cook and a carrier of NCERT page 147 Class 12th
34)| Mary Mallon typhoid infection bio
a)worked at International NCERT page 173 Class 12th
35) Norman.E.Borlaug Centre for Wheat and bio

Maize Improvement in
Mexico and developed
semi dwarf variety of wheat
a) developed the first vaccine NCERT page 182 Class 12th
36) Alexander Fleming bio
Penicillin while working
on staphylococcus
a) used penicillin to its full NCERT page 182 Class 12th
37) Ernst Chain & potential during WW2 to bio
Harvard Florey treat soldiers
a) studied restriction NCERT page 192 Class 12th
38) Herbert Boyer enzymes on E.Coli bio
NCERT page 194 Class 12th
b) with Stanley Cohen
bio
formed the first R-DNA
a) developed a method of NCERT page 192 Class 12th
39) Stanley Cohen removing plasmids form a bio
cell and inserting them
into other cells
NCERT page 218 Class 12"
40) Ramdeo Misra a) Father of Ecology in India
bio
a) did elegant field NCERT page 235 Class 12th
41) Cornell experiments on barnacle bio
Balanus and Chlamathus
a) gave the principle of NCERT page 235 Class 12th
42) Gause competitive exclusion
NCERT page 235 Class 12tn
a) did experiments on
43)| MacArthur warblers to prove the bio
principle of Resource
Partitioning
NCERT page 255 Class 12th
44)|Robert Constanza a) put price tags on nature's bio
life support services
and colleagues NCERT page 258 Class 12th
45) Edward Wilson a) popularised the term
bio
Biodiversity
 a) gave an estimate of about NCERT page 259 Class 12th
46) Robert May 7 million species present bio
on Earth
NCERT page 262 Class 12th
47) Alexander Von a) gave species area
relationship bio
Humboldt
48) David Tilman a) said that the outdoor plots NCERT page 263 Class 12th
with mare species show bio
less year to year variation
in total biomass
49) Paul Ehlrich a) gave the Rivet Popper NCERT page 263 Class 12th
Hypothesis bio

50) Ernst Haeckel a) gave Embryological NCERT Supplementary

support for evolution material page 289 Class 12th
51) KarlErnst Von Baer a) disproved the theory of NCERT supplementary
embryological support for Material page 289 Class 12th
evolution