Vemuzianete: A entunmeter OMenbelly a

shovt prpe Cansis ho wO lth

Conco ersts w

t ph on a
be mu eonn.
Dmfn m -Stchon 1

Tu shunt bnd'un as Orson

ha mnfmum
and u Kanun au hwa The two
Bame
conicad rshions
Phns
base duamedeT,
hoter bud ont U havtan
bog-+ wh a orage COnl angu uhile
he oths u
havi a lge
8male rgth wh a
angl maasune ab
ou thnL Pi'eune and tenixed Pes 0nanntly
at ieret Sechons a to K Uw He
duchangr ure
Te wn um metes used thoot
cuuoya woay
upstem et taltespla ceb thmgh
sho r t Conical whi le duwn stoeam bast
alhe
Conical
thaugh H b9 sec hon . The i s s t
Sechon U arcelerates
H ane esmeuue chanR Steh'e pkue
o th &we Th Second Conica Sec hon
uvesi0 where
'equ to the dd'me te
aaduely Cn be CorUS
nan iPe. T change n steh'c
wh he meno meter and
Useod dtnne valocty Hhoruah
Concdut

Flnw dcNon

A venud metes.
Mawn pat S A hust
wveg part
thoat
Along crenghg Parst
Venhmmtex Hui2on tal
Ve co
Oncuneol
 An

dauhum l h

Muarement ot lo by a ventummeter
Co asi cler
yentunmattrthu Tosentea 1o An
1ncinad Pi. Ri a in veshical blone to
e trsRug he bl be
Cwsicde
alang SHeacly, iclaau and Ona dimens0na
axi s
e Hhe
wd. Vndo ventunrna-Her ) tlad
h
CAmed ayuumphon h
eloCvh
at any Sethon
wru b Untfnm,
he
a
wlonty Ancd rnALue at ala4
V and P,
thovat
uper ely wht thoge
Orse a and P2 0m
quad on
P V
21 P +V+2

V-
33 2 , -0
Whene
w dktourag dng ity
fhmah tha ootumene4er.
Conhaui
VA V, A -
whee A nd A
Aoeas ane
he otrnnet-ex the
at CDK-Se ce d'o na
tnle es pec dh'vely
 ,
ge
and
from equation

) - ) -C + )
V

le20metm'e ume
anetho

whue and t upechvely

and Secho
heuds ad Seeh'on
4nd se dnined as

X )

the botuee n Secho n

P C dillerenu
and & naused bby as
8hon a aue Sechon o - o , we Can
wn'le
P+98 C2-ho) = Pt8 2-ho-4th )
+AhSm
-P+ 332) P t53 2) (Sm-8)J ah

(2) -

+2)
(in-1 )as
i -h
whwre 8m
2-j,-6
Uthe diasity a anome tmc
quwd 0 m caquLath'on 5 and , we Jet
8 AtA
A-
38 (Sm41) a -A
bibe ho 20o4a then 2 2 2 wn
betomuu - h , wure and
stah'c eun
 P

Qad ho

an
quahon 6 betomu
=

Thenefoe u
(p-a
t 4eenna
eareuf on O
hot
te

. n termy en in Qqua ton

a ngn omoter dalyloe hon h,
cAMe
ie mespec dhve
ala wt th
the tunine -es
and
ho2ontal Connoch'on
fo Not A between Sechony
greouker han hot
wiu
aluways be
fcdoa aMumdol in
ku'd because a
an
addihon c ho ral
he ses 'o
frre equahon change n oontum Thesr-
achuod aluas Oueresh nates the
toto e . 9n odls
acCour to talce
Colloe mulhbly ta
coethcdent a acdoo Cd
C
qMahlon duchaagae, ú tntspor ake
achual Ca
Ca< (m-)ah
Aectu
o duchasge
Cel heersehicalade
O 9S
st diuchar«R
tO 98
 Oaii e one ler:
Ho onameter a clevru whwch
u Wa-eo
tha
duchange db tid Hratugh a Prbl 94 u
mp er
Chalper han ventuadmale. 9+ S a
an

blale +in cíTcular

with o
shon adgeol conantm
h
Gai rc blale ,
e
cicula
cculas hol in

ber edl a a
ec on d
th Pie
Cales an obs hau chio
to
l by oyidung an
Open ingn
an
omi t the Hud
The drea u

nallrs than
the
CO Set bion a FIm 4hamgh miue
a he
ieTu to bum an
adjus hells in BUCh 4 Wy
uhshseam
ubsum Sechon
Sech on , wre
wTe u Unko m,
Sethun dnuns ha t
CBn heut unh a
hsea hi
Vene louk ü s0c0cheol
hcol whore
uhere
the
passage
CDntoctou fmel
And hea enpancls tu h
o HFie.
Uuguly s0vicaol d On
On a hethe rs
un tapîngs
the dutanu d
a
rOne duame ter ustorm
mu blade whet t
ard 4e oths ad a
and lau u almos t
uniton n Cec.
dutantt a H)
falr a
diameks
cluam es daunshe
dausghoonnm
pis bouk
Oncd
Congola n H Hwd t be
the duns tseam dial
ena
Conhco (Sec.C-C tabi'g to be at he
um
besnnulli's Huovem we gt
+V
0
whese P and P pie2e me ne
SeC.-1 And -C
ab onhawty cquahon
VA VAC
 quce hiuns Oand we

Valu a pie 20meic prsue chu t

more du to kucd
Tal tu d aluays
frichon hanat e d an hvigd

Cuthe'ent ab eltcty (Cy <I) hay 4

be iamdue olees m1n he actual eloca ky ve
ha drw p
P-Pein qu Non
Ubghh teal by
by ts m Umeol Vaulua fn
ter ms o
the mano muBes
olake chon ah
C

Whe
A )
anomatr
Hhe
ou'trerenu aud lsvels in
ancd
manomatac bqwd m u h
ddansl y aHae
AcVc
dahnaal
Cc dloinod
a
Coetiuen4 a hac hon
nc Ao
the moe

9Sm18-) A
(1- nta)
Sm ) ah

luwC
(fn l8-1) ath
cao AP)
Te value C debernds uponhe o ire
duet and e Raynoled s numbea tle.
JUb naaju'ng th tw oate
tha a an nt ha valua
ab C at the
Opeaatin Coditon Th duwnstm
anomeex Connechon 8kewld Sctly b mode to the
Set io n whene vena cnata occuTss ut tu
not easi bl a he ena Contsacta u
3omaw hat van'abla l basihon md u dibtrcult
Udeel U h osi'hionu a e
ano setes ed nnecho n
hee by alec ed De-es mionevno n
an actudate Valuey
mlna meter aut
ditterent
Conduans knwn
oeaahn g9
Gauliba dio n
Craulniemter a He
Flw 02nle
Thu u en ially a Ven tun mater
wit
divergent gmitko Theretor h basre aqucnu n
Calculah o t
on ate am 3ama
t a
ventunmeBe. The ousiation
- Soea m oenu17y doun
the tmat due to
gocouhe Hhon +hod luo schosaion u
ouadvanHee fox a wntummater. but Auy
abten atbset by h luwev os1 o
A022l downghsea m Conn ech on a Hhe mano-
n0t
Ut
ha N0222
LOMamu ba at H tmat a
o aa pornt 9ukicrently fr um
Ha noale. The daviahon AoweY
AweeY taken
aten Caecae
Cd dends on t u
habe o the n02A2 4ha 3ah o
duama tes ancd a ipe to nnale
t
Reynolols mber atln.

Ventumome ler Accual Cost os o

C
ttealheace
Hicyh u

betw eon entunm' 0-60 0.br

ard an tita
nate
O.to0
Pto-t tube frtond sncajurec ment (enri Pito t
m32)

Smble pitot Auube stanotd'o n

T t soado bleel by a a Henn bite t
och At
angla glas ube lorge Cospr ay
 ellects be
nagugbla, Aeo the uO se
One Cnd a the tube ta h

open to th ahmos pwre The

iqwrd nws ub he tube and whtn
La ataind h cqwu ubnum
aw'od
gachesahught oboe
gtra a the wae r0amn
rUK ue, under
ydostcihe reure duu ho ts
ha dabth beluo
fre 8gunras
bet-weQn he
dlterenu n level
ud tube qndHhe
raunu beuomes h TS100ULre a dyramic
ob djamic Okua rKuro .
6-P
=>
Such oa
Kann
=
a9 aa-P/s
as pitot tube
ouvde
4he mUg t accurate miay a
s uwc
uc eloc1ty an oeen
opan
3n tube wd uft a re
veloci
u BLora,t
sulierentto dsterm'ne
Gut H
a cloged
due t th ud a
Ftewing thmugh
stanathon elsuTe Ptottube maoaures
and m0ouures
mut be s0
90
HL
Hha stah
steh
Macuune ment sAadhc c
at the 0sust fn
parcately
uhe bunday o th
he COLae
noele
stahc wau
wu T Cix's a4h
boMnduny and mwt be eaenditula r
the bain day UBm004+h fom buss,
adjalent CAn So ha
thol
Aanu shoeambne
Senae Sa
CAre
u uay 2o. Tu
ast ol es us
c
only w4houh any don
Ha
am dynamic th ure. AA bitot ube ú
laierHeoto Sene h tube ú
o pitot hbe
n0aum
stogmoth'on
stegnorh o n nuse us Te The endds
encds
a nd ha
anc H Stog
+ha Staj naton
ae piez0 metn u h nation bnesure
bnesue
nec Hea)tD
He datermioah'o n wtblemoLyuing9
ndoLyuMng
a stouhc
steuhc uyuse , may
pyue,
at tlow elu ctydutterental
an hun manumole
u aa Au
 hvi Psg +V
P ho
hg

Po

Where P Scuhc Uue and hs

Co reupondu'oc hine
fo S-Egrn hion mUre,ho

ho ho hs
Bo 4th Stche
Con e Stegnohon Unue
1naa ured diviL kown s
Pptt-suke hube.
wo
are dm laal
adi all hao
ha gttc hube te uol a
into
The annulA spau
josihon al tahc 3
neLas mporvtart
Dunetseam tha nole
N, +e lou Rcltolod pP.h
ú
B0mawhot a(Calenatea ahc tobe
prur CDabeqont edchon
ut 1
ia slahic
font a he
edurc bon 1n subhirg 3Aerm

T SHahic
veloch
hol
and
Ehl el
uke e4he henetme at
postg osrhon
-balantl and ebecls
vndihrabee) t eadiag ( Aond nc
Velocohy = V= c aPI
whire 4P Po-P
C Fac h wuch tmlees into ae tound +he
etec tar
non idcalh es, chun
cowsta dynamic
hand and dspencls
he pi tottube