ANALISIS ASAM SALISILAT DENGAN TITRASI BALIK

PERTEMUAN 5
Harizal, S.Pd., M.Sc
Program Studi Farmasi
Universitas Esa Unggul

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 Acetylsalicylic acid

Chemical name: Acetylsalicylic acid

2- acetyloxybenzoic acid
Asetosal
Molecular formula: C9H8O4
Mwt: 180 Da
Action and use : Salicylate; non- selective cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor; antipyretic;
analgesic; anti-inflammatory
 Identification of aspirin
(Alkali hydrolysis or saponification)

The mechanism of reaction

 Identification of aspirin
(Alkali hydrolysis or saponification)

• Procedure:
➢ Weigh 0.5 g of the powdered tablets .
➢ Mix the powder with 10 ml of 5M NaOH.
➢ Heat the mixture and after boiling leave it for 2-3 min. on hot plate.
➢ Cool it under water streaming.
➢ Add an excess of 1M H2SO4 (a crystalline precipitate is produced).
➢ Add iron(III) chloride solution (a deep violet color is produced).
 Limit test
Determination of free salicylic acid in the aspirin sample

• Acetylsalicylic acid; it an active ingredient of aspirin

• It can be degraded over time due to bad storage or manufacturing, afforded
salicylic acid
• The amount of degradation can be measured through Limit test
 Limit test
Determination of free salicylic acid in the aspirin sample
• Nessler cylinder 1 (standard)
• Procedure:
1. Mix 3 ml of salicylic acid + 2ml of
ethanol in Nessler cylinder
2. Diluted with distilled water to
produce 50 ml
3. Add 1 ml by pipette of ammonium
iron(III) sulfate solution
4. Mix and allow to stand for 1 min.
The result: (Violet colour but more
intense than the sample)
• Nessler cylinder 2 (sample)
• Procedure:
1. Shake quantity of powdered tablet
containing 0.20 g of aspirin + 4ml of
ethanol and diluted to 100 ml with
water
2. Filter all the solution
3. Transfer only 50 ml of the filtrate to a
Nessler cylinder
4. Add 1 ml by pipette an ammonium
iron(III) sulfate solution
5. Mix and allow to stand for 1 min.
The result: (Violet colour but less intense
than the standard)
The sample will be valid if the intensity
of sample in Nessler cylinder 2 less
than that in Nessler cylinder 1
 NaOH KHP
Standardization of the Sodium Hydroxide Solution (wet & sticky) (nice & dry)

Solid sodium hydroxide cannot be massed accurately because it absorbs water and carbon
dioxide from the air. Consequently, it is not possible to make an aqueous solution to a very
specific and accurate concentration. Before you use NaOH(aq) to titrate Aspirin, you need to
“standardize“ it, that is determine its accurate concentration. The solution of NaOH(aq) that you
are given is approximately 0.10 M. You will titrate it against a known amount of an acid to
determine the concentration of NaOH.

The acid used to standardize the concentration of NaOH is potassium hydrogen phthalate
(KHP). It can be massed very accurately. KHP is actually the potassium salt of the phthalate
ion:

KHP phthalate ion (acid)

The phthalate ion is the acid that is titrated by NaOH in the standardization:

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 Back titration
Determination the percentage of acetyl salicylic acid in aspirin tablet

• Concept of back titration

• Back titration is a titration done in reverse;
instead of titrating the original sample, a
known excess of standard reagent is
added to the solution, and the excess is
titrated.
• Back titrating should only be used when
made necessary.
• When it is often used ?
• The solution being titrated is either too
weak or too slow to give a reaction.
 Back titration
Determination the percentage of acetyl salicylic acid in aspirin tablet

• How to choose proper Indicator

• The purpose of the indicator is to show

when enough standard solution has been
added to fully react with the unknown
concentration.

• Indicators must only be added to the

solution of unknown concentration when
no visible reaction will occur.

• Depending on the solution being titrated,

the indicator is chosen to match the pH of
strong solution.
 Back titration
Determination the percentage of acetyl salicylic acid in aspirin tablet

The pH of the equivalence point can be estimated using the following rules:
➢ A strong acid will react with a strong base to form a neutral thus equivalence point is
pH = 7 so to get an end point to occur after this means either Bromothymol blue or
Methyl red would be a good choice.

➢ A strong acid will react with a weak base to form an acidic equivalence point just
below pH of 5, since the acid is strong, so to get an end point to occur after this means
Methyl orange would be a good choice.

➢ A weak acid will react with a strong base to form a basic equivalence point is about
pH of 9, since the base is strong, so to get an end point to occur after this
means Phenolphthalein would be a good choice.

weak acids are not often titrated against weak bases because the color change
shown with the indicator is often quick, and therefore very difficult for the observer to
see the change of color.
 Back titration
Determination the percentage of acetyl salicylic acid in aspirin tablet

Procedure:
1. Take 10 tablets of aspirin 300 mg and weight it using sensitive balance .
2. Grind the tablets using mortar and pestle
3. weigh 0.5 g of aspirin.
4. Using pipette WITH PUMP add 30 ml of 0.5 M NaOH in 250 ml conical flask
5. An accurate weight of powder equivalent to 0.5 g was taken (should be calculated)
6. Add 30 ml 0.5 M NaOH is added to it.
7. Boil gently for 10 min. On hot plate
8. Cool under water streaming
9. Add 2 drops of phenol red
10. Titrate the excess of alkali with 0.5M HCl
11. End point; pink. Yellow
 Back titration
Determination the percentage of acetyl salicylic acid in aspirin tablet

How much the weight should be taken from the grind tablets that equivalents
to 0.5 g aspirin.
• 10 tablets x 300 mg = 3000 mg = 3 g (3.6 g) weigh you get it from the
balance

• We need to take weight equivalent to (0.5 g) (X g)

 Back titration
Determination the percentage of acetyl salicylic acid in aspirin tablet

How to calculate the concentration of aspirin

Where the following equations describe the complete reaction of NaOH with aspirin:
• C9H8O4 + 2 NaOH ---> CH3COO.Na + HOC6H4COO.Na + H2O
• NaOH (exc.) + HCl ----> NaCl + H2O

• So, Titrant Sample

2 moles of NaOH = 1 mole of aspirin
moles of NaOH = 180/2 gm of aspirin
1000 ml x 1M of NaOH = 90 g of aspirin
1 ml of 1 M NaOH = 0.090 g of aspirin
1 ml of 1/2 M NaOH = 0.045 g of aspirin so,
Equivalent factor (F) = 0.045 g/ml
• e.p (30 ml of exc. – ml of titrant HCl) = (X) g

Conc. of aspirin = E.P (ml of NaOH in excess x f" - ml of HCL titrant consumed x f")
XFXf
 Back titration
Determination the percentage of acetyl salicylic acid in aspirin tablet

% of aspirin in the tablet

• % purity (% aspirin in tablet) =
• found (X) gm / actual (0.5 gm) x 100= ……%

• 1 ml of 1/2 M NaOH = 0.045 g of aspirin

• e.p ml (30ml of exc. – ml of titrant HCl) = (X) g of aspirin
Sekian

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