“Smartphone-Controlled Room Lighting: An SCR-

Based Automation System with PUT integration”

Rivero, Kyla M.

Researchers

This Research Proposal Is Presented In Partial Fulfillment

Of The Requirements In Industrial Electronics

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Western Mindanao State University

ZAMBOANGA CITY

November 20, 2021

OVERVIEW

This research study aims to determine the effectiveness of TRIAC as an alternative switch for

exhaust fans. This study limits to gathering information by previous researches, articles and journals. It

will also utilize simulation applications to present the circuit generated. The researchers gathered the

1
result by simulating the circuit in a simulator app called “Proteus App”. This is to compare the difference

of the experimented circuit and the commercial exhaust fan in terms of its efficiency, affordability and

practicality. The findings shows that showed that overall, the use of TRIAC as a switch in exhaust fans is

more efficient than the regular ones. Results showed that the circuit has less consumed power compared

to the common exhaust fan. Moreover, in line with the efficiency, it is also convenient to use. Though it’s

a bit pricey to buy or make, the researchers believe that the maintenance and cost of electricity bill will be

lesser than the usual bills of households.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE----------------------------------------------------------------------- 1

OVERVIEW----------------------------------------------------------------------- 2

TABLE OF CONTENTS----------------------------------------------------------- 3

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION---------------------------------------------- 6

A. Background of the Study--------------------------------------------- 6

2
 B. Statement of the Problem-------------------------------------------- 7

C. Significance of the Study--------------------------------------------- 8

D. Scope and Delimitations--------------------------------------------- 8

E. Definition of Terms -------------------------------------------------- 9

CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE---------------------- 10

A. Conceptual Literature-------------------------------------------------10

B. Research Literature---------------------------------------------------14

CHAPTER III. METHODOLOGY------------------------------------------- 21

A. Research Locale------------------------------------------------------21

B. Research Design------------------------------------------------------21

C. General Procedures---------------------------------------------------21

CHAPTER IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION------------------------------26

A. Simulated design----------------------------------------------------27

B. Summary of results-------------------------------------------------33 CHAPTER V.

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS--36

REFERENCES----------------------------------------------------------- 38 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

In today’s life, people are experiencing sudden changes in our climate. The weather today is

usually unexpected. As we know for today it is sunny, and later it will rain heavily. People experience the

heat and coldness of the weather. Another thing is that people need to pay too much for the electric bill

because of the fact that the appliances are operating overtime without noticing, (Chen, 2017) stated in one

3
of her articles that except for lighting, air conditioners utilize the most electricity, totalling to 1470 kWh

for each household and accounting for 26.81 percent, according to the direct usage approach.

Refrigerators and rice cookers are next, with 815.83 kWh consumed (14.88 percent ) and 343.85 kWh of

electricity

(6.27 percent). The study demonstrates that GDP maintains a high level of stability. There is a link

between the installation of electrical equipment and the eventual increase in power use in the home.

Because the Philippines is a tropical country, Filipinos are experiencing scorching weather. As a

result, we have begun to utilize air conditioners at home. However, excessive usage of this equipment

may result in high electricity consumption, which may result in an increase in the amount of our electric

utility bill. According to (Mores, 2021) in his collection of data as of 2021, indow air conditioners use an

average of 1,118W per hour. This means that if the electricity cost is ₱9.744/kWh and the average home

uses air conditioning for 8 hours per day, the estimated commutative amount of the electricity bill will be

at least ₱87.2 per day or ₱2,616 per month.

Is it, then, preferable to utilize exhaust fans to regulate the temperature in our homes? Is

automated ventilation both cost-effective and long-term viable?

According to (Sobieski, 2021) exhaust fans help to prevent mold growth in our houses by

eliminating odors and moisture from the air. Inside the house, steam will be expelled outdoors, leaving

our home nice and clean. It also prevents warping and rotting of our furniture. Furthermore, exhaust fans

may aid in the prevention of certain health problems.

Exhaust fans which are not regulated run continuously. Turning it off might potentially endanger

our homes. In account of this, the researchers want to determine how well TRIAC can aid in controlling

the exhaust fan's performance as well as its power consumption. The researchers came up with a project

4
entitled “Temperature-Guided Self Regulating Exhaust Fan” that could help people in any means

necessary.

B. Statement of the Problem

This research proposal aims to determine the effectiveness of using TRIAC as an automatic switch for

Exhaust fans.

Specifically, the researcher seeks to answer the following questions and set to achieve the following

objectives:

1.) Will the TRIAC be effective if the room temperature is not stable?

2.) Is there any significant difference between an ordinary exhaust fan and automatic exhaust

fan in terms of:

a. efficiency

b. power consumption

c. electricity bill

5
 i. high ii.

low

2.) How will people determine the effectiveness of the TRIAC’s energy saving function?

Objectives

- see if the circuit performs effectively

- get the current rating at varying temperatures

- vary the speed of fan accordingly

C. Significance of the Study

This study is important to the people in the community. They will benefit by not to be concerned

too much on the electric bills to go beyond on what they expect, another is to be less of a struggle by

standing up and by walking across the room in order for them to adjust the temperature, lastly it is

automatic that the people will benefit by being safe of fire accidents that the cause is commonly known as

appliances that are overheated. Moreover, it will benefit the following:

Future researchers. This qualitative study may be of interest to other researchers to

explore more in the field of finding innovative solutions for controlling the power consumption of

appliances.

Stakeholders, this study would most benefit stakeholders in gaining more knowledge

about researches on electronics.

D. Scope and Delimitations

6
 This study is focused on the effectiveness of the TRIAC that acts as a switch for the exhaust fans.

This study limits to gathering information by previous researches, articles and journals. It will also utilize

simulation applications to present the circuit generated. This study will use Proteus app for the simulation

of the circuit.

E. Definition of Terms

Exhaust Fan - a fan for ventilating an interior by drawing air from the interior and expelling it

outside.

Overheated - having become or been made too hot.

Switch - a device for making and breaking the connection in an electric

circuit.

Temperature - the degree or intensity of heat present in a substance or object, especially as

expressed according to a comparative scale and shown by a thermometer or perceived by

touch.

Temperature Sensor - a device used to measure temperature. This can be air temperature, liquid

temperature or the temperature of solid matter.

TRIAC - is a three terminal electronic component that conducts current in either direction when

triggered. It will be used as a switch in the exhaust fan.

7
 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter will explore the conceptual and research literature covering on suggestion,

discussions and research studies that supply the foundation of the conceptual framework which is relevant

to understanding the development of, and interpreting the results of this convergent study.

A. Conceptual Literature

TRIAC

According to Roderick (2021), the TRIAC is a type of electronic gadget designed for use in

AC systems. It's a bidirectional switch that enables electrical current to flow in either route. As a

result, the sine wave can complete both positive and negative half cycles. It's also conceivable

that it's just two Silicone-controlled rectifiers connected in parallel and in reverse. They are

known to be versatile in the sense that they can work with both positive and negative voltages.

This electronic device is frequently used to manage power in an AC circuit. Moreover, (Roderick,

2021) stated that a gate signal, similar to that of an SCR, causes a TRIAC to conduct in both

directions. TRIACs were created to help with the development of better AC power controllers.

TRIACs come in a variety of package configurations. They have a wide variety of current and

voltage capabilities. In comparison to

SCRs, TRIACs have lower current abilities — they are usually restricted about

8
less than 50 A and cannot consider replacing silicon controlled rectifiers in high-current

applications.

Exhaust Fan

Rardin (2017) states that we must utilize exhaust fans in our homes since the fundamental

notion is that we must maintain a specific temperature that is appropriate for our surroundings.

Aside from that, one of the functions of an exhaust fan is to improve the air quality in our home.

It can be used in bathrooms or even kitchens where there is a lot of dampness.

In addition, Rardin (2017) added the use of exhaust fans- they remove moisture and odors

from the area, leaving it clean. Contaminants are released into the air during cooking, washing,

and even showering. We can, however, remove them with the help of these exhausts. It has a

motor attached to it that rotates the blades and removes the moisture. They are powered by

electricity and are often controlled by a traditional switch. Other researchers, on the other hand,

employ thermostats to manage the

ventilation in our homes automatically.

Temperature sensor

A temperature sensor is a device that can detect temperature changes, whether they are high

or low. It transforms the temperature into a signal once it has been detected. There are two types

of temperature sensors: direct contact and non-contact. Direct contact temperature sensors require

the device to be in direct touch with the object being tested. Noncontact temperature sensors do

not require the device to be in direct contact with the object being examined (Jost, 2019).

In line with what Jost (2019) stated, Pyrosales (2020) provided in their blog that the

following are lists of the types of contact temperature sensors:

9
 • A resistance thermometer, the Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD), monitors

temperature by comparing the resistance of the RTD element to the temperature.

Platinum, nickel, or copper are some of the components that can be used to make the

metal. Platinum, on the other hand, is the most precise and so has a larger price tag.

• Thermocouples are sensors made up of two wires joined at two locations by two distinct

metals. The difference in voltage between the two wires indicates the temperature

difference. Although their precision is slightly lower than that of an RTD, they have the

widest temperature range, ranging from -200 to 1750 degrees Celsius, and are often more

cost-effective.

• The thermistor shows a precise, predictable, and substantial shift in temperature as it

changes. With such a big change, the temperatures are influenced not just quickly but also

precisely. Because of its size and speed, the NTC thermistor requires linearization, which

necessitates some arithmetic (Pyrosales, 2020).

Switch

According to Teja (2021) a switch is an electrical device whose primary function is to

control the flow of electricity in a circuit. The switch, it appears, has the ability to conduct or

break a circuit. Almost every device has a switch that may be used to turn it on or off. We can't

control the device's function without these switches. When the switch's so-called contacts are

closed, current can flow from the source to the gadget, allowing it to function. The contacts of the

10
 switch, on the other hand, allow electrons to flow to the gadget when they are open. Switches can

perform a variety of tasks. Switching the flow of current in a circuit is one of them. It can be

found in a wide range of electrical gadgets in our homes, industries, autos, and even aerospace.

This switch can be found in simple gadgets like as lamps, lights, laptops, and even cell phones.

B. Related Studies
Temperature-dependent ventilation rates might improve perceived air quality in a demand-controlled ventilation
strategy

AileenYang, B.Holøs, OpsahlResvoll, MadsMysen, & ØysteinFjellheim (2021) created a

research as to how temperature dependent ventilation improve the air quality. The research is

limited in terms of alternative demand-controlled ventilation control techniques. For comparison,

the researchers put two classrooms under test with various amounts of carbon dioxide and

temperature. An untrained sensory panel was used to assess the indoor air quality. The sensory

panel went to classrooms with various user groups, at various ventilation rates and temperatures,

as well as unoccupied classrooms with various ventilation rates and pollution loads. The goal of

this investigation was to see if it was possible to regulate the supply airflow rate to a higher CO2

setpoint at low air temperature while maintaining the same perceived indoor air quality. The

findings showed that when the air temperature is held at 21 °C rather than 24 °C, the sense of

11
 indoor air quality does not worsen at increasing CO2 concentrations. Furthermore, for similar

CO2 concentrations in the classrooms, an increase in air temperature resulted in lower perceived

air quality scores.

The Effect of Circulating Fan and Natural Ventilation on the Thermal Comfort Performance in a Building in
Southeast Sulawes

This research was conducted by (Rachman & Belinda, 2014) where the main objective was to see

the effect of circulating fan compared to natural ventilation on its performance. The imbalance

between supply and demand for energy has an impact on the rising energy price and may stymie

progress. One of the power demands comes from energy usage in the building sector, which

includes the cooling system. The use of air conditioning based on a refrigerator system consumes

a significant amount of energy in the structure. As a result, decreasing the role of this

energyintensive cooling system is critical. The use of a circulating fan or natural ventilation are

two alternate methods for making a building cooler without wasting a lot of electricity. The goal

of this study was to see how a circulating fan and natural ventilation affected the temperature and

humidity in a building in Southeast Sulawesi, an area with a lot of sun every day. It does an

experiment on a building model that includes ventilation and a circulating fan. The results suggest

that by including these alternate cooling methods, the building's temperature may be kept lower

than in a closed structure (no fan and no ventilation). The magnitude of temperature reduction in a

building with a circulating fan is greater than that of ventilation. The relative humidity in the

building with the circulating fan or ventilation is relatively greater than in the closed building,

according to another finding of the investigation

(Rachman & Belinda, 2014).

Construction Of A Temperature Controlled Fan Using A Microprocessor

12
Adeloye, Kotoye, Idris, & Egbedele (2017) did a research in using a microprocessor as a device

to a temperature controlled fan. This project entails building a circuit with a temperature sensor

and a microcontroller that will automatically control the fan speed when the ambient temperature

changes. The microcontroller is programmed using an Arduino program to perform the desired

function. The Arduino programming language is an open source initiative that develops

microcontroller-based kits for creating digital gadgets and interactive things that can sense and

manipulate physical quantities. The fan's original control unit is disabled, and the created circuit

is installed in its place. The fan has three separate speed settings, each of which is activated by a

different degree of temperature change. This will reduce both human stress and energy waste in

the long run.

Residential smart ventilation: a review

Smart ventilation technology helps in controlling and reducing the amount of energy that is used

in residential buildings while still maintaining good air quality indoor. an important factor in

utilizing smart ventilation concept is that it has the control to ventilate more and in doing so it

gives an energy or air quality advantage. Smart ventilation, unlike demand-controlled ventilation,

selects the control strategy based on "equivalent" ventilation principle, which allows for the

prediction of future ventilation needs as well as the retroactive compensation for existing

ventilation needs (Guyot, Sherman, Walker, & Clark, 2017).

Automatic Control of a Room Ventilation System by a Single Fan Actuator

13
 Yamasaki, Kaburagi, Matsumoto, Kumagai, & Kurihar (2020) stated that without any

electric power source, the ventilation fan in the proposed system remains in standby mode. When

the pressure differential between the inside and outside of the fan passes a certain value, the fan

begins to rotate, and the basket-type induction motor generates AC electricity. The induction

motor is employed as a sensor in this example to generate a lowpower signal. The fan functions

well for a limited time due to the self-sensing mechanism. It then returns to standstill mode,

where it continues to measure the pressure difference.

Exhaust Fan Speed Controller Using Fuzzy Logic Controller

Khairudin, Yatmono, Nashir, Arifin, Aulia, & Widyantoro (2020) also presented and

exhaust fan with fuzzy logic controllers in order to regulate the airflow velocity which

corresponds to the air conditions in a room. The temperature sensor and the gas sensor are two

sensors that have been used in the exhaust fan development. As a detector for the amount of

dangerous gas in a room, it triggers the exhaust fan to remove it at a speed that is proportional to

the amount of gas in the room.

Temperature Based Fan Speed Controller

Pal, Ghosh, Paul, & Dhibar (2017) also created a standard automatic fan speed controller

which controls the speed of an electric fan using an arduino microcontroller. The temperature

sensor LM35 detects the temperature and converts it to an electrical (analog) signal that the

microcontroller may use. The 16x2-line LCD shows the temperature readings that have been

14
sensed and those that have been set. To control the fan speed, the microcontroller drives a

Transistor.

Evatuation system of exhaust fans used on ventilation system in commercial

broiler house

FANS-N is a system that is developed for evaluating exhaust fans in broiler facilities'

ventilation systems. The following sections make up the system: 1) Mechanical Structure - which

consists of two stepper motors that is for vertical and horizontal positioning of an anemometer

sensor; 2) Electronic Interface - used as a control of the anemometer positioning and records the

wind speed data; 3) Control Programming Module - is responsible for the measurement, cursor

movement as well as the recording of wind speed data with the anemometer at predetermined

points; and 4) Analysis Programming Module - responsible for wind speed interpretation (Silva,

Moura, Carvalho-Curi, & Seber, 2017).

A Field Study of Exhaust Only Ventilation System Performance In Residential

New Construction in Vermont

In Vermont, utility-sponsored residential new construction programs have provided

financial incentives for builders to install exhaust only ventilation (EOV) systems. As part of the

EOV system, one utility program requires the construction of passive air vents. This research was

15
carried out in order to better understand the EOV systems' basic air flow performance. The EOV

fan's modest inside/outside pressure differential makes it unlikely to generate backdrafting on its

own, but backdrafting must be taken into account for the entire house, including all fans and

combustion systems. EOV fans were operating at 67 percent of rated capacity, exhausting an

average of 62 cfh. In 45 percent of the dwellings, the controls for the EOVs were not configured

by the builder or electrician. (Shapiro, Cawley, & King, 2000)

The benefit of kitchen exhaust fan use after cooking - An experimental

assessment

This research study investigated the use of various flow-rate fans during cooking and

determines if running the fan after cooking improves pollutant removal rates and integrated

exposures significantly. The tests were carried out at the twin research houses of the Canadian

Centre for Housing Technology in Ottawa, Ontario. While leaving the fan on after cooking

increased decay rates in general, it had a little influence on integrated exposures when compared

to the effects of fan flow rate and the specific fan used during cooking. (A.Dobbin, et al., 2018)

16
 CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY

A. Research Locale

This study will be conducted at the respective houses of the researchers due to the current

restrictions due to the Covid-19 pandemic. In order to communicate the researchers will use

Messenger, Google Meet, and Microsoft Teams in order to interact with each other. Additionally,

the researchers will also use an app simulator called “Proteus circuit simulator app”.

B. Research Design

17
 The study concentrates on the Effectiveness of Triac as a switch for exhaust fans and its

efficacy compared to regular exhaust fans. Thus, this study will make use of the Descriptive

Research design; likewise, Quantitative method will be utilized.

C. Procedures

I.Conceptualization

1. First, the researchers brainstormed on what device they will create. The

researchers decided to create a "Smart

Exhaust Fan"

2. Next, the researchers debated and discussed what kind of "Smart"

technology it will have. After a heated discussion, the researchers came

with an idea "Temperature-Guided

Self-Regulating Exhaust fan"

II. Choosing the Materials/Electronic components.

1. The researchers decided on the following devices as components for the

project due to its compatibility to the chosen circuit design.

2. The following are the list of materials used;

1. Fuse - it acts as a safety net for the device. It protects the exhaust

from overcurrent, so that when the fuse blows (opens) it will

open the entire circuit and stop current through the component.

2. Capacitor - we used capacitors so that it can generate different

phase differences in the component and create the correct amount

of magnetic torque.

18
3. Bridge Rectifier - The bridge rectifier is an electronic component

that is widely used to provide full wave rectification and it is

possibly the most widely used circuit for this device. Because it

converts the AC source DC which our component needs

4. LM393 Comparator - we used this component because it

compares these voltage inputs and determines which is the larger

value. Based on this, electronic decisions can be made based on

which input is greater and which is smaller. In this circuit, we

made it so that when the circuit is exposed to low temperature,

the output device will be off. When the circuit is exposed to

higher temperature, the output device will turn on.

5. Temperature Sensor - It is the main device or component that

monitors temperature in the surrounding so that the device

functions.

6. MOC3021 Triac Driver - We used this component to supplement

and support the TRIAC in our circuit. And also it protects the

device since the AC load is always on and off for a set amount of

time. During this length of time the gadget could heat up and

there's a danger that the device could get burned. A zero-cross

method, which detects zero volts from the AC sign wave, is used

to ensure the load's safety. The internal TRIAC becomes active

whenever the voltage reaches OV in each cycle; during this time,

the optocoupler's TRIAC can be

19
 used for switching. The load will have a rare chance to be

exposed to maximum voltages.

7. Resistance and Capacitance Circuit (RC Circuit)- Since our

device depends on the temperature of the surrounding we need

the RC circuit to filter or regulate the signal.

8. Potentiometer - We used this because it functions in the circuit to

obtain an output voltage that is related to the input voltage

(applied voltage) of the device.

9. Inductor - Since our device is prone to sudden changes of current

due to its dependency to the temperature of the surrounding. This

inductor was used to limit the sudden changes of the current that

can harm the device.

10.Zener Diode - we used this to suppress the voltage throughout the

circuit.

III. Simulation

1. The researchers first decided what will be the type of thermostat they

will be using.

2. Next, the researchers designed the schematic diagram of the device in the

simulation software.

3. Lastly, the researchers simulated the schematic diagram in an app

simulator to make sure it's working.

Components and their values

COMPONENTS VALUES

20
 Fuse 10A 200mA

Capacitor 1microFarad
220mF

Resistors 470k ohms

100 ohms
2-10k ohms
2.7k ohms
20k ohms150k ohms
2-330 ohms
100 ohms

Inductor 200mH

Zener Diode 1Watt

Potentiometer 10k ohm

Table1. this table shows the different components that were utilized in the circuit. Alongside

with it are the specific values as per component.

Other components that were utilized are based on their models.

21
 CHAPTER IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

After the data gathering process, the researchers interpreted the results and presented it verbally. Tables

and graphs are also presented for further analysis.

DETAILED DESIGN

A. Initial Draft/Design

Figure 1.A. Initial Draft of the temperature guided self-controlling exhaust fan.

B. Simulated Design

22
 Figure 1.B. Simulated circuit of the temperature guided self-

controlling exhaust fan.

If the potentiometer can sense the change in temperature it will send the temperature variations in

a form of Voltage variations to the LM393 Comparator. The Resistors R1, R2 and the Zener Diode

combination is used for generating reference voltage as we want to amplify only change in voltage due to

the change in temperature

On the comparator again, one input of the comparator is the output from the MOC3021 while the

other input is the rectified and suitably attenuated sample of AC voltage. This is a negative going

pulsating DC voltage. It will be observed that with increase in temperature, pin 2 of comparator goes

more and more negative and hence the width of the positive going output pulses (at pin 6) increases

23
linearly with the temperature. The output from the comparator is coupled to an optocoupler, which in turn

controls the AC power delivered to fan (load).

Since the circuit has a high sensitivity and the output RMS voltage (across load) can be varied

from depending on the temperature (for a temp. range of 22°C to 36°C), and hence wide variations in

speed are available. Also note that speed varies linearly and not in steps.

Results for 15 degrees temperature:

24
Figure 2. This figure shows the simulation of the circuit at 15 degrees

Celsius wherein current rating is 0.146659A for the motor(fan).

Results for 20 degrees temperature:

25
Figure 3. This figure shows the simulation of the circuit at 20 degrees

Celsius wherein current rating is 0.344458A for the motor(fan).

Results for 25 degrees temperature:

26
Figure 4. This figure shows the simulation of the circuit at 25 degrees

Celsius wherein current rating is 0.858282A for the motor(fan).

Results for 30 degrees temperature:

27
Figure 5. This figure shows the simulation of the circuit at 30 degrees

Celsius wherein current rating is 0.95247A for the motor(fan).

Results for 35 degrees temperature:

28
 Figure 6. This figure shows the simulation of the circuit at 35 degrees

Celsius wherein current rating is 1.13282A for the motor(fan).

Summary of the results:

29
 TEMPERATURE VOLTAGE RATING CURRENT RATING

15º 47.48V 146.66mA

20º 47.48V 344.46mA

25º 47.48V 858.28mA

30º 47.48V 952.47mA

35º 47.48V 1.13A

Table2. This table shows the corresponding current rating of the simulated circuit. The results show that as

we increase the temperature in our potentiometer, the value of the current also increases.

TEMPERATURE VOLTAGE RATING CURRENT RATING POWER RATING

15º 47.48V 146.66mA 6.96W

20º 47.48V 344.46mA 16.35W

25º 47.48V 858.28mA 40.75W

30º 47.48V 952.47mA 45.22

35º 47.48V 1.13A 53.65W

Table3. This table shows the power rating of the exhaust fan with varying temperatures. The correlation

between them is also directly proportional.

TRIAC
ORDINARY
CONTROLLED
EXHAUST FANS
EXHAUST FAN
POWER RATING
POWER RATING

30W 6.96W

30
 16.35W

40.75W

45.22

53.65W

Table 4. This table shows the comparison between an ordinary exhaust

fan(controlled set-up) and the temperature guided self controlling exhaust fan using TRIAC (experimental

set-up). The average wattage rating of the experimental set up is 32.586W which is slightly greater than

the ordinary exhaust fan. But it still depends on the temperature of the surroundings.

Statement of the problem questions

1.) Will the TRIAC be effective if the room temperature is not stable?

Findings:

Upon simulation, the circuit works effectively. At varying temperatures, the amount of

current that runs through the motor/fan is also varying. The relationship between the

current as well as the temperature is directly proportional which means that as we

increase the temperature, the amount of current flow also increases thus leads to the faster

spinning of the motor of the fan.

2.) Is there any significant difference between an ordinary exhaust fan and automatic

exhaust fan in terms of:

a. Efficiency

As for the efficiency, the function of the Temperature controlled exhaust fan with

triac is just the same as the ordinary exhaust fan. The only difference is that it is

31
 automated which means that we do not need to control the current flow to minimize the

speed of the motor.

The circuit that was crafted is effective and sustainable.

b. power consumption

The results showed that the amount of power that is being dissipated by the

exhaust fan using triac is slightly greater than the usual exhaust fan. But it is expected

since we utilized extra components that requires more power consumption with the

ordinary ones.

c. electricity bill

Since the power consumption is high for higher temperature, the amount of

electricity bill is also high in that case but then there are some times that the temperature

is low, we can still save a lot of money because the exhaust fan itself is automated.

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter will cover the conclusion of the research. Moreover, it will also provide the

summary as well as some recommendations for future researches.

Conclusion

32
To sum all the findings up, this study focuses on finding if the use of TRIAC will enable control over the

current of exhaust fans. Specifically, by assigning different temperatures and simulating the circuit to

obtain the current that runs through the motor.

The researchers simulated the circuit in Proteus app and presented findings carefully for it to be as valid

as possible. The result shows that there is a direct proportionality effect upon the temperature as well as

the current flow that runs through the exhaust fan. As we increase the temperature in the potentiometer,

the amount of current in the circuit also increases. When comparing the device to an ordinary exhaust fan,

for low temperature, consumes less power than an ordinary fan. But for higher temperature, it consumes

greater power since it needs a lot of current to spin the motor faster. It all lies down in the temperature of

the surroundings. All in all, the entire project is successful.

Advantages

- The circuit will have no interruptions that would disrupt it’s functionality since it is an

automated system.

- Can monitor the environment if it needs more ventilation.

- Prevents energy waste

- Low electricity bill cost

Disadvantages

- The circuit can only be maintained by a technical person.

- The efficiency might be decreased overtime because of temperature

variations.

33
Recommendation

• Future researchers might monitor other parameters aside temperature like humidity, odor

or light to increase efficiency as well.

• You can use programming to supplement the circuit for more accuracy of data.

• You can find a way to set limitations to your circuit like setting a timer. Say for example

during night time the exhaust fan will automatically turn off and will go back to

functioning in the morning.

Works Cited
A.Dobbin, N., LiuSun, LanceWallace, RyanKulka, HongyuYou, TimShin, et al. (2018, May 1). The
benefit of kitchen exhaust fan use after cooking - An experimental assessment. Retrieved October
24, 2021, from ScienceDirect:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360132318301112?fbcli
d=IwAR2vZYWbIGPqOibaIkmJ1VKBZm1pYeqaMzVLyhn85h_oAZG1SxHsEIOTNA#!

Adeloye, M., Kotoye, A., Idris, O., & Egbedele, I. .. (2017). Construction Of A
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