PCOS(polycystic ovarian disease)

What is PCOS ?
A hormonal disorder causing enlarged ovaries with small cysts on the outer edges.
The cause of polycystic ovary syndrome isn’t well understood, but may involve a combination of
genetic and environmental factors.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a problem with hormones that happens during the reproductive
years. If you have PCOS, you may not have periods very often. Or you may have periods that last

many days. You may also have too much of a hormone called androgen in your body.
With PCOS, many small sacs of fluid develop along the outer edge of the ovary. These are called
cysts. The small fluid-filled cysts contain immature eggs. These are called follicles. The follicles fail
to regularly release eggs.

The exact cause of PCOS is unknown. Early diagnosis and treatment along with weight loss may
lower the risk of long-term complications such as type 2 diabetes and heart disease.

This fluid contain:- With PCOS , many small sacs of fluid develop along the outer edge of the
ovary. These are called cysts. The small fluid-filled cysts contain immature eggs. These are
called follicles.

Fluid in ovary :- An ovarian cyst is a sac filled with fluid that forms on or inside an ovary. This
article is about cysts that form during your monthly menstrual cycle, called functional cysts.
Functional cysts are not the same as cysts caused by cancer or other diseases.
In addition, PCOS can potentially increase the risk of dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, endometrioma,
and irritable bowel syndrome, which are highly related to

 Types of PCOS.

The Four Types Of PCOs

1) Insulin-resistant PCOS. This is one of the most common types of PCOS and occurs
because of high insulin levels in the body. ...
2) Inflammatory PCOS. ...
3) Post-pill PCOS. ...
4) Adrenal PCOS.

INSULIN RESISTANT PCOS

This lifelong health condition continues far beyond the child-bearing

cluding adipose tissue and skeletal muscle . Obese females with PCOS
are more susceptible to insulin resistance, which might lead to abnormal
glucose and lipid catabolism. Moreover, increasing insulin lowers the
circulating amount of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and
promotes free androgens, which constrains follicle formation resulting in
irregular menses and impotency . PCOS females had a significantly larger
intake of a diet heavy in sugar (white bread and fried potatoes) . Different
adipokines are discharged from the fatty tissues, which have varying
effects on insulin resistance. Some, such as visfatin, may stimulate the
insulin receptor and have insulin-like activity, although adiponectin has
an insulin-sensitizing effect. Adiponectin, released by the adipocyte, is a
rich protein that occurs as multimers. It encompasses high, low, and
middle molecular weights. Though studies showed the association
between adiponectin and PCOS sovereign of BMI, others demonstrated
that adiponectin levels were harmfully associated with BMI. These
adipokines may be measured as markers of insulin resistance in PCOS
patients regardless of BMI. The consumption of total fats, saturated fatty
acids, and cholesterol should be reduced for easing the growth of diabetes
and heart disorders. They impact the dysfunction of the ovaries .
Excessive insulin invention may activate insulin receptors of the pituitary
gland to issue luteinizing hormone and worsen the excretion of androgen
by the ovary and glands. It may restrict the formation of hepatic SHBG
and boosts the levels of free testosterone. Excessive androgen excretion
may lead to acne and alopecia signs and may impede the development of
ovarian follicles .years. Women with PCOS are often insulin resistant;
their bodies can
make insulin but can’t use it effectively, increasing their risk for type 2

what is insulin resistant ?

Under normal conditions, the hormone insulin rises briefly after eating. It
stimulates the liver and muscles to take up sugar from the blood and
convert it to energy. That then causes blood sugar to fall, and then insulin
to fall. With normal insulin sensitivity, both sugar and insulin are normal
on a fasting blood test.

With insulin resistance, blood sugar may be normal, but insulin is high.
Why? Because the pancreas has to make more and more insulin to try to
get its message through. Too much insulin generates inflammation and
causes weight gain. It can also lead to Type 2 diabetes and heart disease.
Too much insulin is also an underlying physiological driver of PCOS (1).

Testing for insulin resistance

As a clinician who prescribes diet and natural treatments for PCOS, I find
it’s essential to confirm insulin resistance with a blood test such as fasting
insulin, HOMA-IR index, or a 2-hour insulin glucose challenge test.

By testing for insulin resistance, I can identify PCOS patients who do not
have an insulin problem, such as the small group who have adrenal PCOS
(11) and the fairly large group who have hypothalamic amenorrhea but
have been misdiagnosed as “lean PCOS.”

Conventional treatment of insulin resistance and PCOS

Conventional treatment recommendations for the insulin resistance aspect
of PCOS include weight loss, aerobic exercise, and the diabetic drug
metformin, which improves insulin sensitivity (3). Resistance training
may also be effective, but more research is needed (12).
 Oral contraceptives are the other officially-recommended treatment for
PCOS, but they can interfere with sugar regulation and insulin resistance
that underlies PCOS (13). The link between PCOS, insulin resistance, and
oral contraceptive pills has been dubbed a “modern medical quandary” in
need of further research (14).

The role of fructose in insulin resistance

For my patients with PCOS, I find that the most effective dietary
intervention is to reduce fructose.

Fructose itself is not a problem; only a high amount can cause harm. For
example, low-dose fructose from fruit does not induce insulin resistance
and is instead beneficial for insulin sensitivity and health. High-dose
fructose from desserts, soft drinks, and fruit juice has a very different
effect. “There is a fundamental physiological difference in how smaller
and larger amounts of sugar are processed in the body,” explained one
researcher (15). At a high dose, fructose can overwhelm the normal
processing pathways in the small intestine and is able to reach the liver,
where it can generate inflammation and impair insulin sensitivity (16).
More research is needed here.

Nutritional supplements for insulin resistance and PCOS

Inositol is an intracellular messenger involved in insulin signaling and

can be taken as a nutritional supplement (myo-inositol and di-chiro
inositol). A 2018 meta-analysis of ten randomized trials found that
inositol significantly improves markers of insulin resistance and “appears
to regulate menstrual cycles, improve ovulation and induce metabolic
changes in polycystic ovary syndrome” (17). The dose used in most of
the randomized trials ranged from 1.2 to 4 grams per day.
Magnesium is my second favourite supplement for insulin resistance
because it works to correct the widespread subclinical magnesium
deficiency that some researchers suspect may be contributing to insulin
resistance (18) and heart disease (19). Magnesium deficiency affects at
least one-third of individuals, and probably more, and cannot be easily or
reliably diagnosed by a blood test (19,20).

A recent meta-analysis concluded that magnesium supplementation is

effective for treating insulin resistance in people with magnesium
deficiency (21) and one small study found that co-supplementation of
magnesium, zinc, calcium and vitamin D improved the insulin
metabolism of PCOS patients (22).
INFLAMMATORY PCOS

PCOS is a common, but underdiagnosed, condition that can affect your

periods, metabolism, and ability to get pregnant without assistance.
PCOS affects the ovaries, which produce the hormones responsible for
ovulation and menstruation — estrogen and progesterone.

PCOS impacts between 5 and 15 percentTrusted Source of women, and

can cause many symptoms.

Symptoms of PCOS include:

Irregular periods. This can include missed periods, frequent periods, or no

periods at all.
Too much hair. Also called hirsutism, this happens when you have more
than a typical amount of hair on your face, chin, legs, or other parts of
your body.
Acne. In people with PCOS, acne is common on the face, chest, and
upper back.
Thinning hair. Hair loss or thinning on the scalp.
Weight gain. People with PCOS often have trouble losing weight.
Ovarian cysts. Cysts are small fluid-filled sacs, and they can form in one
or both ovaries

What causes chronic inflammation?

Chronic inflammation happens when the inflammatory response

continues even though you’re no longer sick or injured. It’s often seen in
autoimmune conditions — such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis —
when the immune system mistakes your body’s own tissues for a foreign
threat.
As opposed to acute (short-term) inflammation, which only lasts as long
as your body needs to heal, chronic inflammation is a slow process that
can last for months or years. It’s often referred to as low grade
inflammation because it’s less of a tidal wave and more of a slow and
steady drip.Other causes of chronic inflammation include:

Oxidative stress Obesity, hair fall

What can it lead to if left untreated?

Chronic inflammation is a PCOS root cause and when it is left untreated

or not managed properly can lead to health risks. Type 2 diabetes,
cardiovascular disease, obesity, sleep apnea (sleep breathing
disturbances), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and depression are
commonly associated with this. Early detection and treatment can
significantly reduce these risks.

How to manage Chronic inflammation?

There are numerous things we can do with food to minimize chronic

inflammation.

Managing your Diet

Your nutrition and your diet can help in controlling and even reducing
inflammation. A starting point to control inflammation can be to include
more anti-inflammatory food items in your diet. This can help you control
your weight, help in balancing your hormones, and improve markers of
inflammation such as CRP.

 Food to include in your diet includes:

 Fruits (especially berries)

 Beans and legumes
 Broccoli, spinach, and kale
 Whole grains
  Nuts and Seeds
 Olive oil
 Omega-3 rich fish such as salmon
 Food to avoid:

 Refined sugar
 Trans and saturated fat
 Processed food
 Dairy products (this can be subjective)
 Including exercise in your routine
Along with an anti-inflammatory diet, routine exercise can help with your
PCOS symptoms. Regular small sets of these exercises can help you
improve your body’s insulin sensitivity, reduce cortisol levels, and reduce
the secretion of androgens in the body. Physical activity of 150 minutes a
week or 30 minutes a day is often recommended for PCOS.

Zumba, yoga, cardio exercises, strength training, and HIIT are some
routines you can incorporate. You can begin with slow and short (10-
minute) routines and make incremental progress.
POST PILLS PCOS.

Some people experience PCOS symptoms after stopping hormonal birth

control. The informal name for this is post-pill PCOS. These symptoms
are typically temporary and resolve without medical intervention.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common disorder that affects

around 10%Trusted Source of people of reproductive age. It can cause
hormonal imbalances that lead to a variety of symptoms.

“The pill” is a broad term referring to oral contraceptive medications that

help prevent pregnancy. There are many types of pills containing
different combinations of hormonal ingredients.

Stopping hormonal birth control cannot cause PCOS. Additionally,

medical experts do not recognize post-pill PCOS as an official condition.

That said, stopping hormonal birth control can temporarily cause certain
symptoms typically associated with PCOS in some people. It can also
lead to some people finding out they have PCOS after birth control
previously masked the symptoms.

This article will explore the link between stopping hormonal birth control
and the onset of PCOS symptoms, the effects of hormones on PCOS,
diagnosis, and when a person may wish to speak with a doctor.
Hormonal contraceptives contain ingredients that affect how the body
produces and processes hormones. These ingredients significantly affect
hormonal functions. The body can become used to consistently receiving
the medication and processing its ingredients.

Stopping hormonal contraceptives means the body has to adjust to

working without the medication, which can lead to changing hormone
levels within the body. This may cause a temporary hormone imbalance
as the body adjusts.

In a person who does not have PCOS, any symptoms they experience
should resolve as the body adjusts to correct the hormonal imbalance.

However, if a person has used hormonal contraception for a long time,

they may have been unknowingly managing PCOS symptoms caused by
hypoandrogenism with the medication. When they stop using it, the
previously masked symptoms may start to occur.
Because of its beneficial effects on PCOS symptoms, doctors commonly

recommend hormonal contraception as a method for managing the

condition.

Symptoms
People with PCOS can experience a wide range of symptoms, many of
which relate to hormonal imbalances. However, people without PCOS
can experience symptoms related to hormonal fluctuations as well, such
as hormonal acne around their period.

A hormone imbalance from stopping a hormonal contraceptive may

trigger certain hormone-related symptoms. For example, antiandrogenic
hormonal contraceptives can reduce the amount of androgen in the body.
If a person stops taking a hormonal contraceptive, the amount of
androgen in their body may increase in response, leading to androgenic
symptoms.
Hyperandrogenism is the most commonTrusted Source hormonal effect
of PCOS. Some symptoms of hyperandrogenism include:

Polycystic ovaries: This is where the ovaries become enlarged and

develop fluid-filled sacs. These sacs cannot always release eggs, which
means ovulation may not occur. Some people may not ovulate regularly
because of this, while others may experience anovulation (no ovulation).
Acanthosis nigricans: This skin condition is a pigmentation (skin color)
disorder. It causes patches of skin to darken, particularly around areas
with folds, such as the armpits, neck, and under the breasts.
Insulin resistance: With insulin resistance, the body can produce insulin,
but it cannot use it effectively. Having insulin resistance increases the risk
of developing diabetes. It can also cause acanthosis nigricans.
Hirsutism: This is where a person experiences excess hair growth on their
body. Common areas for this growth include the face, chest, and
abdomen.
Acne: Hyperandrogenism can cause the skin to produce too much sebum.
Sebum can build up on the skin and cause acne.
Androgenetic alopecia: This is sometimes called male pattern baldness,
though it can affect people of any gender. It often presents as a receding
hairline and thinning on the crown of the head.
Menstrual irregularity: A 2017 studyTrusted Source notes that a hallmark
of PCOS is long, irregular menstrual cycles. Experts recognize a link
between menstrual dysfunction, hyperandrogenism, and anovulation.
Ovarian cysts can also be quite painful. They may also rupture, and may
cause sudden, sharp pain and nausea and vomiting.
ADERENAL PCOS
What is adrenal PCOS?

You have two adrenal glands that sit on top of each kidney and produce
stress hormones, like cortisol and adrenaline, and sex hormones like
DHEA and testosterone. Stress, whether emotional or physical, causes
your adrenal glands to release more cortisol, which inadvertently also
increases DHEA-S levels. DHEA-S is an androgen, like testosterone, but
is only produced by the adrenal glands. Between 20 to 30 percent of
patients with PCOS have high DHEA-S levels (2). Cortisol and DHEA-S
disrupt the balance of other hormones in your body that lead to PCOS
symptoms like irregular periods, acne, and unwanted hair growth or hair
loss.

Most women with PCOS have a root cause of insulin resistance and high
testosterone levels. However, DHEA-S is often the only androgen found
to be elevated on bloodwork in women with PCOS with an adrenal gland
root cause.

How to test for adrenal PCOS

To evaluate for adrenal PCOS, we first remember the three diagnostic

criteria for PCOS. Women must meet at least two of the following criteria
for a definitive PCOS diagnosis:

Signs or symptoms of high androgens (acne, facial hair, unwanted hair

growth or loss)
Irregular periods
Polycystic ovaries
Once PCOS is suspected, we dive deeper into finding the root cause by
ordering labs to evaluate insulin resistance (fasting glucose, fasting
insulin, hemoglobin a1c) and androgens (total testosterone and DHEA-S).
For ideal ranges of these labs, refer to our article on PCOS and insulin
resistance. If your labs for insulin resistance and testosterone appear
within normal limits, look at your DHEA-S levels. Oftentimes, women
with adrenal PCOS only present with high DHEA-S levels. We order
these labs on all of our Get to the Root members, and may order
additional saliva cortisol testing if appropriate.

How to treat adrenal PCOS

 The main focus for treating adrenal PCOS is to balance cortisol and
reduce DHEA-S levels to within normal limits and encourage healthy
hormones and regular periods. Here are a few interventions we may
recommend for someone with adrenal PCOS:

Prioritize sleep quantity and quality

Sleep loss has significant health consequences, especially for individuals

with adrenal PCOS. For example, poor sleep can increase cortisol levels
(3). A simple yet profound intervention you can start today is to aim for
seven to eight hours of sleep every night. Reduce sleep disruptors, like
alcohol, close to bedtime and avoid drinking caffeine after 1pm. Try
establishing a regular bedtime routine and avoiding electronic screens too
close to bedtime. Supplementing with our magnesium glycinate helps
many of our members achieve more restful sleep as well.

Adrenal PCOS
Living with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
(PCOS) can be challenging, and understanding
its different subtypes can help us navigate our
journey more effectively. In this blog post, we
will delve into one of the subtypes known as
Adrenal PCOS. We will explore what it is, its
causes, symptoms, and most importantly,
discuss various treatment options available to
empower those living with Adrenal PCOS to
take control of their health and well-being.

What is Adrenal PCOS?

Adrenal PCOS is a specific subtype of PCOS
that is influenced by the adrenal glands. In this
condition, the adrenal glands, located on top of
the kidneys, produce excessive amounts of
androgens, primarily DHEA-S and
testosterone. These androgens can disrupt the
delicate hormonal balance in the body and
contribute to the development of PCOS
symptoms.
Causes of Adrenal PCOS:
Adrenal PCOS is thought to be caused by an
overproduction of androgens by the adrenal
glands. While the exact cause is still unknown,
there are several factors that have been
associated with the development of this
subtype:

Genetic predisposition: Certain genetic factors

may make some individuals more susceptible
to Adrenal PCOS (González et al., 2018).

Insulin resistance: Insulin resistance, a

common feature of PCOS, can impact adrenal
gland function and contribute to the
development of Adrenal PCOS (Moran et al.,
2012).

Chronic stress: Prolonged exposure to stress

can stimulate the production of cortisol, a
stress hormone, by the adrenal glands. This
excess cortisol can disrupt the normal balance
of hormones in the body, leading to the
development of Adrenal PCOS (Dumesic et
al., 2016).

Symptoms of Adrenal PCOS:

The symptoms of Adrenal PCOS are similar to
other subtypes of PCOS, including:

Irregular menstrual cycles: Women with

Adrenal PCOS may experience irregular or
unpredictable periods.

Excessive hair growth (Hirsutism): Increased

androgen levels can cause excess hair growth
on the face, chest, back, or abdomen.

Acne: Androgen excess can contribute to the

development of acne, particularly along the
jawline and chin.
Weight gain: Difficulty in losing weight or
unexpected weight gain may be observed in
individuals with Adrenal PCOS.

Insulin resistance: Adrenal PCOS is often

associated with insulin resistance, which can
further complicate weight management and
contribute to metabolic disturbances.
Practice self-care
Taking a few moments for yourself is among
the most effective methods to unwind and
manage stress. A decent self-care regimen
should include everything that improves your
mental well-being and makes you feel at ease.

However, this does not only refer to candles

and long baths. Other self-care routines
include reading a book, spending time in
nature, watching a movie, hanging out with
friends or family, or even starting a new
hobby.

Join a support group

Another effective method of managing stress
is confiding in a close friend who can support
you during stressful situations. Even though it
may be tough to feel social during trying
times, creating and keeping commitments to
activities with family and friends can improve
your mental health.

Alternatively, you can connect with other

women walking the same path as you through
various online or offline support groups.

The lowdown
Adrenal PCOS can interfere with a woman’s
hormones and make it more challenging to
conceive. This condition also produces high
quantities of male hormones, which can cause
undesirable symptoms, such as unsightly body
and facial hair development.

Luckily, the first step in treating PCOS is

making lifestyle modifications, such as eating
a nutritional diet, exercising regularly, and
finding healthy ways to manage stress. Several
medical treatment options, such as birth
control, clomiphene, metformin, and surgery,
can help alleviate the symptoms of adrenal
PCOS.

What is PCOD ?

PCOD is a hormonal condition that affects

women during the reproductive years of life.
The full form of PCOD is Polycystic Ovarian
Disease.

Some “once-rare problems” have gotten

prevalent over the past few decades, becoming
more and more common among women. One
of them is PCOD, and the PCOD full form is
Polycystic Ovarian Disease. Almost 10% of
women worldwide are affected by this disease.
They miss their menstrual cycles as a result of
this hormonal imbalance, which also makes it
more difficult for women to conceive.
The medical condition known as PCOD means
that there is excessive production of immature
or partly developed eggs by a woman’s
ovaries, which over time, develop into ovarian
cysts. This results in enlarged ovaries that
release high amounts of androgens (imbalance
of hormones), which can lead to infertility,
irregular menstruation periods, hair loss, and
unnatural weight gain. Although there is
presently no treatment for this illness, it may
be controlled & managed by making changes
to one’s diet and lifestyle.

What are the symptoms of PCOD?

At the time of the first menstrual cycle of
puberty, PCOD signs and symptoms often
start to manifest. Polycystic Ovarian Disease
could also appear later as a result of gaining
weight over time. Many women are mostly
unaware that they have PCOD.
There are some common signs of PCOD that
includes:

- Abnormal menstruation
- Skipped or absence of menstruation
- Darkening of the skin around the groyne &
neck
- Severe menstrual bleeding
- Hair growth on the face, back, stomach and
chest
- Acne (facial, chest, and upper back)
- Overweight or obese
- Hair thinning on the crown

What is the cause of PCOD?

Although the precise cause of PCOD problems
in certain women is unknown, the following
are some key contributing factors:
1. Insulin Resistance – Peripheral insulin
resistance affects around 70% of women
who have PCOD. A male hormone called
androgen is produced in very small
amounts in females but may be produced
more often by the body if there is an
excess of insulin, and it causes problems
with ovulation.

2. Overproduction of Androgens – The

ovaries generate unusually high levels of
androgen hormones, which can cause acne
and hirsutism.

3. Minor Inflammation – Inflammation

levels in women may rise as a result of
PCOD. Inflammation can also be
exacerbated by being overweight.
 4. Heredity – Women who have close
female relatives with PCOD are 50% more
likely to develop this condition.

5. Weight – Occasionally, being

overweight might make insulin resistance
and polycystic ovarian disease symptoms
worse.

What are some complications associated with

PCOD?
The PCOD side effects that call for medical
attention are listed below:

- Abnormal bleeding in the uterus.

- Type 2 diabetes
- Miscarriage
- Sleep apnea
- Premature delivery and preterm labour
- Infertility or hypertension Infertility
- Chronic Liver inflammation
- Metabolic syndrome; risk for high blood
sugar, high blood pressure, heart disease,
diabetes, and stroke.
- Due to unwanted hair growth and other
symptoms, many women experience
depression and anxiety.
- Endometrial cancer caused by an enlarged
uterus
- Untreatable acne showing signs of hormone
imbalance

Moreover, studies show that by the age of 40,

almost 50% of women with PCOD would
have pre-diabetes or be diabetic, and many
others would experience infertility throughout
their reproductive years.
How is PCOD diagnosed?
PCOD can be diagnosed with blood tests and
imaging since PCOD has physical symptoms
that impact many bodily systems. The
gynaecologist will inquire about your medical
history, eating and drinking habits, and the use
of any regular medications, including vitamins
and supplements. Your diagnosis process will
depend on your symptoms like irregular
periods, male-pattern hair growth on a
woman’s face, chest, or back, acne, or
thinning of scalp hair.
Depending on the PCOD diagnosis, a
gynaecologist could suggest the following
tests:

- Pelvic examination
- Blood tests
- Imaging test

The gynaecologist may suggest further tests in

addition to the ones listed above to look for
PCOD problems. They could include:

- Monitoring of cholesterol, glucose tolerance,

blood pressure, and triglyceride levels on a
regular basis.
- Checking for depression and anxiety.
- Screening for obstructive sleep apnea

What is the most effective treatment for

PCOD?
The first steps in PCOD treatment often
involve dietary adjustments, exercise, and
weight loss. Women who suffer from PCOD
must exercise regularly and keep a balanced
diet and a healthy lifestyle. While there are
various healthy lifestyle choices for women
with PCOD, you are recommended to stick to
a PCOD diet that is low in fat and high in
carbohydrates. This would stop any
unexpected spikes in your blood sugar levels
and assist you in maintaining a healthy weight.

If the symptoms of PCOD do not significantly

improve over successive sessions, turning to
medication is the next course of action. A
combination birth control pill, progestin
therapy, treatment for immature follicles, and
other medications may be prescribed by your
doctor.

Although surgery is not the first option

considered, in extreme circumstances, your
doctor may conduct laparoscopic ovarian
drilling to assist in initiating ovulation or the
release of the egg from the ovaries. Early
diagnosis and use of the proper treatment
methods can assist in managing the symptoms
and provide the best PCOD treatment.

There is no known cause of PCOD. Yet,

symptom relief and a decrease in
consequences are also possible with early
diagnosis. If you suspect or are experiencing
symptoms similar to PCOD, consult the top
gynaecologist & fertility experts at Indira IVF
today!

Polycystic Ovarian Disease

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PCOS AND

Difference Between PCOD & PCOS

PCOD
1. This is a classic condition of poor lifestyle
2. PCOD is very common in women
3. Low risk of other health problems such as
diabetes
4. Don’t have significant fertility issues
5. Might ovulate regularly
PCOS
1. This is a more serious condition than PCOD
2. One in five women have this
3. High risk of other health problems
4. Higher rate of fertility complications
5. Ovulate periodically
However in both cases, ie., PCOD s PCOS,
losing weight, eating a healthy diet that is free
of processed and junk food.
PCOS
VERSUS
PCOD

PCOS
PCOD
PCOS refers to a metabolic disorder and a
more severe form of PCOD that can lead to
anovulation where ovaries stop releasing eggs
A disorder of the endocrine system
Has a lower number of patients
PCOD refers to a condition in which ovaries
produce many immature or partially mature
eggs due to poor lifestyle, obesity, stress, and
hormonal imbalance
A condition developed by the imbalance of
hormones
Has a higher number of patients
Difficult to get pregnant in PCOS
In PCOD, fertility is not affected