PAINT GROUP ONE

ALEMANIO • RODRIGUEZ • TALASTAS

AR 1121 • SIR MARC ANDRE TAN

Table of Contents

01
INTRODUCTION
What is paint and its purpose in
architecture and/or construction

02
PRIMER
Getting into the types of primer
and its purpose

03
PAINT
Getting into the types of paint,
and each type is used for

04
PAINT FINISHES
explaining what are paint
finishes and what each type of
finish looks like

05
INTERIOR WALLS
A step-by-step guide on the
preparation and application of
paint on interior walls
Table of Contents

06
EXTERIOR WALLS
a step-by-step guide on the
preparation and application of
paint on exterior walls

07
LOCAL PAINT BRANDS
A short list of local paint
brands and what each of them are
known for
Introduction
INTRODUCTION

What is
paint?
noun

1. 1. a colored substance which

is spread over a surface and
dries to leave a thin
decorative or protective
coating.
INTRODUCTION
2021

What is its
purpose?

Reason No. 1

Protects Your Interior

Walls

Keeps out moisture and

prevents mold or mildew
build-up.
Repels dirt, dust, and
allergens.
INTRODUCTION
2021

What is its
purpose?

Reason No. 2

For Aesthetics

People love the dramatic

change that comes with
painting their walls
Light paint colors create
space while dark colors make
rooms feel cozier and
smaller.
INTRODUCTION
2021

What is its
purpose?

Reason No. 3

May Increase Home Value

One of the best ways to

improve the value of your
home while saving money.
An affordable way to
remodel, and makes your home
look attractive to potential
buyers
Primer
PRIMER
2021

Primer

What is Primer?

Lays the foundation of a paint

job and can be used on wood,
metal, drywall and concrete
Ensures surface has an ideal,
uniform texture so paint
adheres effectively
Seals porous surfaces and
prevent stains and previous
colors from showing up
Evens out walls after spot
patches and repairs.
PRIMER

Types of
Primer

I.
Oil-based Primer

An industry standard
Work with both oil paints
and latex paints, making
them very versatile and
applicable to a wide
variety of surfaces.
PRIMER

Types of
Primer

I.
Oil-based Primer

IDEAL SURFACES FOR

OIL-BASED PRIMER

Wood (painted or
unpainted)
Steel and other metals,
Surfaces with existing
paint
PRIMER

Types of
Primer
I.
Oil-based Primer

Good "stain killers"

Prevents stains from showing
through a new coats of paint.
Good for blocking stains on
your walls from ink, nicotine
and water.
Stops tannins, released from
woods from bleeding through
the paint's surface
Prevents/slows down paint
peeling, cracking and
blistering.
PRIMER

Types of
Primer
I.
Oil-based Primer

Slow-drying and release high

amounts of volatile organic
compounds (VOCs), which can
be harmful to people in high
concentrations and with
prolonged exposure.
Requires harsh thinners and
solvents to clean brushes and
applicators
Cannot be used on masonry.
PRIMER
2021

Primer

II.
Latex-based Primer

water-based and ideal for

prepping unfinished drywall for
painting.
More flexible and fast drying,
Less brittle than oil-based
primers, making them less
susceptible to peeling and
cracking
PRIMER
2021

Primer

II.
Latex-based Primer

IDEAL SURFACES FOR

LATEX-BASED PRIMER

soft wood (i.e. pine)

brick
concrete
galvanized metals.
PRIMER
2021

Primer
II.
Latex-based Primer

Also capable of covering and

sealing in previous minor
stains from smoke, lipstick,
crayon, etc., but are not as
effective at covering stains as
oil- and shellac-based primers.
water-soluble and therefore,
easy to clean.
Are low- or no-VOC formulas,
making them a healthier
alternative to oil-based and
shellac primers.
PRIMER

Types of
Primer

III.
Shellac Primer

Has been used for

centuries to seal wood and
other surfaces.
Good for interior paint
jobs
Best stain-blocking
primers
Works well on severe water
and smoke damage to walls
and surfaces
PRIMER

Types of
Primer

III.
Shellac Primer

Can even seal smells from

smoke damage
Also excellent at
preventing normal water,
rust and smoke stains, as
well as wood tannins from
bleeding through new
paint.
PRIMER

Types of
Primer

III.
Shellac Primer

IDEAL SURFACES FOR

SHELLAC PRIMER

Wood
Metal
Plaster
Plastic
PRIMER

Types of
Primer

III.
Shellac Primer

Fast drying and highly

adhesive.
Can be used with both oil-
based and latex paints.
PRIMER

Types of
Primer

III.
Shellac Primer

Drawback to using shellac-

based primers is they are
not as versatile as latex
or oil and they give off
more fumes.
Requires the use of
denatured alcohol to thin
them and clean
applicators.
Paint
PAINT
2021

Paint
I.
Oil Paint

white lead base

applied in three coats: primer,
undercoat and finish coat.
can be matte or glossy
durable and affordable.
oil paint is easy to apply and
surfaces painted with are easy
to clean
PAINT
2021

Paint
I.
Oil Paint

COMMONLY USED FOR:

walls
doors
windows
metal structures.

LIMITATIONS:
not suitable for humid
conditions
takes time to dry completely
linseed oil and pigments must
be added.
PAINT
2021

Paint
II.
Enamel Paint

Produced by adding lead or zinc

to varnish. Pigments are added
to achieve a wide variety of
colors.
Enamel paints form hard and
glossy coatings, easily
cleaned.
Waterproof and chemically
resistant, offers good coverage
and color retention.
PAINT
2021

Paint
II.
Enamel Paint

COMMONLY USED FOR:

Interior and exterior walls
Wood trims, doors, and flooring
Windows
Stairs
Wicker, masonry, concrete,
plaster, glass, and metals.

LIMITATIONS:
slow drying
requires a titanium coating
before application.
PAINT
2021

Paint
III.
Emulsion Paint

uses polyvinyl acetate and

polystyrene as binding
materials, contains driers like
cobalt and manganese.
can be water or oil based,
pigments are used to achieve
the desired color.
fast drying and hardening,
surfaces can be cleaned easily
with water.
offer durability, good color
retention, and alkali
resistance.
PAINT
2021

Paint
III.
Emulsion Paint

COMMONLY USED FOR:

interior walls
ceilings
masonry work.
specialized types of emulsion
paints can be used for woodwork

LIMITATIONS:
takes long to dry in highly
humid climates
PAINT

Paint
IV.
Cement Paint

powder form, which is mixed

with water to achieve paint
consistency.
The base material is white or
colored cement, and it may also
contain pigments, accelerators
and other additives.
durable and waterproof, and it
is
PAINT

Paint
IV.
Cement Paint

COMMONLY USED FOR:

rough internal and external
surfaces

LIMITATIONS:
has a long drying time
(4 hours)
must also be applied in two
coats to prevent dampness
issues.
PAINT
2021

Paint
V.
Bituminous Paint

made from dissolved asphalt or

tar
gives it a characteristic black
color.
waterproof and alkali-
resistant,
provide rust resistance when
applied in metals
PAINT
2021

Paint
V.
Bituminous Paint

COMMONLY USED FOR:

underwater ironworks
concrete foundations
wooden surfaces
iron pipes

LIMITATIONS:
not suitable for applications
where it will be exposed to the
sun, since it deteriorates.
PAINT

Paint
VI.
Aluminum Paint

produced by mixing aluminium

particles with oil varnish.
resistant to corrosion,
electricity and weather
exposure
PAINT

Paint
VI.
Aluminum Paint

COMMONLY USED FOR:

metals
wood
specific applications such as
gas tanks, oil tanks, water
pipes and radiators.

LIMITATIONS:
cannot be applied in low
temperatures
high drying time
PAINT
2021

Paint
VII.
Anti-corrosive Paint

made from dissolved asphalt or

tar
gives it a characteristic black
color.
waterproof and alkali-
resistant,
provide rust resistance when
applied in metals
PAINT
2021

Paint

VII.
Anti-corrosive Paint

COMMONLY USED FOR:

made from linseed oil, zinc
chrome and fine sand
chemical resistant
black in color, durable and
affordable

LIMITATIONS:
metallic surfaces
pipes
PAINT

Paint
VIII.
Synthetic Rubber Paint

made from dissolved synthetic

resins, can include pigments.
moderate cost
chemical resistance, fast
drying and weather resistance.
PAINT

Paint
VIII.
Synthetic Rubber Paint

COMMONLY USED FOR:

concrete surfaces, including
fresh concrete.
PAINT
2021

Paint
IX.
Cellulose Paint

produced from celluloid sheets,

amyl acetate and photographic
films.
surfaces can be easily cleaned
and washed once the paint has
dried.
Adhesion can be improved by
adding castor oil
quick drying, smooth finish and
hardness, offers water, smoke,
and acid resistance.
PAINT
2021

Paint
IX.
Cellulose Paint

COMMONLY USED FOR:

in cars and airplanes

LIMITATIONS:
expensive
long exposure is harmful for
human health, not good for
indoors
PAINT

Paint
X.
Plastic Paint

uses water as a thinner,

available in a wide range of
colors.
dries very quickly, offers high
coverage
PAINT

Paint
X.
Plastic Paint

COMMONLY USED FOR:

auditoriums, showrooms, display
rooms, etc
slabs
decks

LIMITATIONS:
less durable and lustrous
compared to other paints
long drying times in temperate
and humid areas
PAINT
2021

Paint
XI.
Silicate Paint

made from a mixture of silica

and resinous substances.
good adhesion, hardness, heat
resistance, chemically
unreactive with metals.
PAINT
2021

Paint
XI.
Silicate Paint

COMMONLY USED FOR:

metal structures
PAINT
2021

Paint
XII.
Casein Paint

made from casein (main protein

in milk) mixed with white
pigments
available in powder and paste
form, pigments can be added.
PAINT
2021

Paint
XII.
Casein Paint

COMMONLY USED FOR:

walls and ceilings
wood
PAINT
2021

Paint
XIII.
Lacquer Paint

Generates an extremely shiny

and glossy finish to a wood
surface that is otherwise
difficult to obtain via
varnishes, shellac or other
finishing substances
Highly durable yet may scratch
over time due to excessive
contact.
May be colored or colorless
Known for its high gloss
PAINT
2021

Paint
XIII.
Lacquer Paint

COMMONLY USED FOR:

Wood
Laminate surfaces

LIMITATIONS:
Difficult to apply (need the
right equipment and a dedicated
spaying area)
Difficult to remove scratches
or dents.
Toxic off-gassing when first
applied (safe when dry)
 Paint
Finishes
PAINT FINISHES
2021

Paint
I.
Flat Paint

Gives off the least amount of

sheen
Cheapest optiokn
Has a very big drawback on
durability and ability to keep
clean
Provides the least amount of
reflective ability
Fragile
PAINT FINISHES
2021

Paint
I.
Flat Paint

COMMONLY USED FOR:

Ceilings
Walls
Rooms that contain
imperfections, which can be
hidden by the flat appearance
PAINT FINISHES
2021

Paint
I.
Flat Paint

Should least likely be touched

as to not dirty or damage the
paint
Harsh removal of stains on flat
paint can damage
Least resistant to moisture.
PAINT FINISHES
2021

Paint
II.
Matte Finish

Slightly glossier than flat

Slightly more durable
Retains a glossless appearance
PAINT FINISHES
2021

Paint
II.
Matte Finish

COMMONLY USED FOR:

Areas that see more human
activity like doors
bedroom walls, whilst keeping
an unreflective look.
PAINT FINISHES
2021

Paint

III.
Eggshell Paint

The next level after matte

Slightly glossier, but still
kind of matte, like an eggshell
Fairly affordable

COMMONLY USED FOR:

bedrooms (a popular choice)

The slightly glossier, and

smoother finish also means it’s
fairly easy to clean.
PAINT FINISHES
2021

Paint
VI.
Gloss Finish

The glossier the paint, the

harder and more moisture
resistant
Most eye catching finish due to
the high sheen

COMMONLY USED FOR:

Statement walls
Bathrooms
Kitchen backsplashes (since
little moisture would be able
to get through it, making
cleaning easy)
PAINT FINISHES
2021

Paint
IV.
Satin Finish

Satin and eggshell are almost

indistinguishable except that
Satin is glossier than eggshell
More durable
Withstands wall cleanings and
moisture better than flat or
matte

COMMONLY USED FOR:

bedrooms
rooms with high human-activity.
PAINT FINISHES
2021

Paint
V.
Semi-gloss Finish

A lot glossier than Satin.

Provides more sheen and
reflectivity than the rest

COMMONLY USED FOR:

smooth walls, as imperfections
can be fairly visible
rooms with high exposure to
moisture (i.e. bathrooms or
kitchens)
Interior Walls
Surface Preparation & Paint Application
INTERIOR WALLS

Surface
Preparation

01 02
CLEAN THE WALLS REMOVE OLD PAINT
Use a vacuum cleaner or a towel. Use a paint scraper and sandpaper to
A laundry detergent + water solution might help smooth the surface.
you remove residue on bathroom and kitchen walls.
Rinse and dry after. - OR -
If there is wallpaper, remove it first, then clean
the walls properly. Staple a piece of sandpaper to a sanding
If mold is present, apply anti-mold solutions to block/use an electric sander. These are
the affected area; then apply a special sealerto more appropriate for large areas.
cover heavy mold growth.
03 04
REPAIR DAMAGED AREAS FIND “INVISIBLE” FLAWS
Find all the flaws before priming and painting Use a utility light to find the flaws that are
your walls less obvious
Loose patches of old plaster and cracks around Hold the light close to the wall surface and move
window and door frames are some of the most it it up and down.
common problems observed whilst inspecting. Circle any flaws you notice so that you can find
After removing old plaster, prepare fresh plaster and repair them later
to repair those areas. After executing all the repairs, use sandpaper to
Fill the gaps around windows and doors with a smooth imperfections away.
flexible sealant.
05
USE LINING PAPER
In specific situations, such as when walls have
lots of fine cracks or large repair areas,
covering them with lining paper can help you
get a smooth, flawless base for paint.
06
PRIME YOUR WALLS
If your walls are covered in a water-based
paint, you can apply a fresh coat of paint
over the old color
But if you intend to paint over a semi-
gloss, gloss, or oil-based color, using a
primer is imperative to end up with
perfectly painted walls.
07 08
USE A SPECIAL STAIN-BLOCKING PRIMER FINISH
Although a regular primer can hide small imperfections, Congratulations! You're now ready
most products can’t cover certain marks, such as those to start painting your wall.
left behind by water and permanent markers.
These marks will bleed through your paint, even if you
apply several coats.
Try to remove the stains; if they won’t go away, use a
stain-blocking primer.
INTERIOR WALLS

Paint Application

01
APPLY WALL PLASTER
Use a vacuum cleaner or a towel.
A laundry detergent + water solution might help
you remove residue on bathroom and kitchen walls.
Rinse and dry after.
If there is wallpaper, remove it first, then clean
the walls properly.
If mold is present, apply anti-mold solutions to
the affected area; then apply a special sealerto
cover heavy mold growth.
02
APPLY 1ST COAT WALL PUTTY
Use a paint scraper and sandpaper to
smooth the surface.
- OR -
Staple a piece of sandpaper to a sanding
block/use an electric sander. These are
more appropriate for large areas.
03 04
APPLY 2ND COAT WALL PUTTY SURFACES SMOOTHING
Find all the flaws before priming and painting Use a utility light to find the flaws that are
your walls less obvious
Loose patches of old plaster and cracks around Hold the light close to the wall surface and move
window and door frames are some of the most it it up and down.
common problems observed whilst inspecting. Circle any flaws you notice so that you can find
After removing old plaster, prepare fresh plaster and repair them later
to repair those areas. After executing all the repairs, use sandpaper to
Fill the gaps around windows and doors with a smooth imperfections away.
flexible sealant.
05
APPLY PRIMER
In specific situations, such as when walls have
lots of fine cracks or large repair areas,
covering them with lining paper can help you
get a smooth, flawless base for paint.
06
APPLYING 1ST COAT OF PAINT
If your walls are covered in a water-based
paint, you can apply a fresh coat of paint
over the old color
But if you intend to paint over a semi-
gloss, gloss, or oil-based color, using a
primer is imperative to end up with
perfectly painted walls.
07 08
APPLYING 2ND COAT OF PAINT FINISH
Although a regular primer can hide small imperfections, Congratulations! You have finished
most products can’t cover certain marks, such as those painting your interior walls.
left behind by water and permanent markers.
These marks will bleed through your paint, even if you
apply several coats.
Try to remove the stains; if they won’t go away, use a
stain-blocking primer.
Exterior Walls
Surface Preparation & Paint Application
EXTERIOR WALLS

Surface
Preparation

01 02
REMOVE ITEMS WASH WALLS
Temporarily remove pot plants, garden hoses and Wash walls with Soap and a sponge
any other items in close proximity to exterior (following its label directions) to get
walls rid of any dirt or grime.
Then rinse and dry.
This will ensure the paint will adhere to
the wall and not the dirt or grime.
EXTERIOR WALLS

03 04
BLEACH COVER GROUND WITH PLASTIC
If any mold is present, use a bleach solution to Make sure plants and ground near the walls are
remove it from walls. covered with plastic or canvas drop cloths, so as
Bleach solution: roughly 1 part bleach to 3 parts to not cause damage.
water (or as per label directions)
Ensure you are wearing protective equipment such as
gloves, mask, and safety goggles.
Carefully apply the bleach solution to walls using a
sponge and leave to soak for 15 minutes. Rinse
thoroughly and again, allow them to dry completely.
EXTERIOR WALLS

05 06
CHECK FOR DAMAGES REMOVE LOSE PAINT
Assess the walls for any damage or surface If there is any peeling or flaking areas,
lumps and bumps. scrape them to remove the loose paint then
gently sand the surface down.
EXTERIOR WALLS

07 08
FILL DENTS AND HOLES SAND WALLS
Fill any dents or nail holes in the walls with Once the fillers and sealers have set, sand
a pre-mixed exterior grade filler, using down these areas, excluding gap sealant.
filling blades. Only powder fillers can be sanded.
Gap filler is applied as a smooth finish and
sanding it can tear it.
Sand down any rough or shiny spots to
improve adhesion and finish.
EXTERIOR WALLS

09 10
TAPE DIFFICULT-TO-PAINT AREAS FINISH
To finish, apply painter’s masking tape to Congratulations! You're now ready
fittings which can’t be removed and around to start painting your wall.
edges which may be fiddly and difficult to
paint around, such as trims, windows and
doors.
EXTERIOR WALLS

Paint Application

01 02
APPLY WALL PLASTER WALL WASHING
Wall Should Plastered By Cement Mix Ratio 1:5 Exterior walls should be thoroughly
cleaned and any overhanging foliage cut
back before you begin painting
EXTERIOR WALLS

03 04
APPLY 1ST COAT OF WALL PUTTY APPLY 2ND COAT OF WALL PUTTY
Fill and level the minor undulations of the wall n Case Of Major Undulations On The Wall, apply
by applying putty cement plaster then apply putty (don’t apply
Plaster of Paris* outer wall opened to sky rain
can damage the POP surface)
10-12 hours drying time

* Plaster of Paris is a quick-setting gypsum plaster

consisting of a fine white powder (calcium sulfate
hemihydrate), which hardens when moistened and
allowed to dry
EXTERIOR WALLS

05 06
SURFACES SMOOTHING APPLY PRIMER
Use 220-Grit sandpaper to smooth out the wall Applying one coat of exterior primer to the
wall.
Allow Wall to dry for 3 To 4 hours
EXTERIOR WALLS

07 08
APPLY 1ST COAT OF PAINT APPLY 2ND COAT OF PAINT
Applying 1st Coat Paint. Applying 2nd Coat Paint.
Drying time: 10-12 hours Drying time: 10-12 hours
EXTERIOR WALLS

09
FINISH
Congratulations! You have finished painting your
exterior walls.
 Local
Brands
 Local
Paint Brands
01
BOYSEN (PACIFIC PAINTS)
One of the most popular and trusted
paint brands in the country.
Believed to be one of the largest on the
market and known for innovating in new
products like more eco-friendly paints.
ranked as the 51st largest paint company
in the world.
One of only two paint companies from the
ASEAN region and the only Filipino
company to make the list.”
02
ISLAND PAINTS
A manufacturing company based in
Cebu
A known local choice, producing
high quality acrylic paint with
flat finishes that are seen to be
more durable than most cases.
Also produces high grade paint
meant for marine vessels.
03
DAVIES PAINTS
Another local leading brand
Known for having a wide range of
colors with quality and
affordable products
A popular choice among designers
and architects.
Also world-renowned for heavy
duty paint meant for marine
structures/vessels.
Local
Paint Brands

04 05 06
NIPPON JOTUN DUTCH BOY

Famous for its more stylish/crisp
color selection as opposed to
other brands
Produces industrial paints for
automotives or appliances.
A globally known brand and a good
choice for long-lasting paints.
Seen as one of the best choices
for exteriors
A globally known brand known for
providing premium and innovative
paint products due to its use of
a manufacturing method (“superior
method”) known to chemists.
Thank you