ACIDS,BASES & SALTS-P6

86 For
5 Solid E was analysed. E was an aluminium salt. Examiner’s
The tests on the solid and some of the observations are in the following table. Use
Complete the observations in the table.

tests observations
tests on solid E

(a) Appearance of solid E. white crystalline solid

m
(b) A little of solid E was heated in a colourless drops of liquid formed at the top
test-tube. of the tube

co
(c) A little of solid E was dissolved in distilled
water.

b.
The solution was divided into four
test-tubes and the following tests were
hu
carried out.

(i) To the first test-tube of solution, drops ..................................................................

of aqueous sodium hydroxide were
du

added. ..................................................................
Excess sodium hydroxide was then
added to the test-tube. ............................................................ [3]
te

(ii) Test (i) was repeated using aqueous ...................................................................

ammonia solution instead of aqueous
sodium hydroxide. ........................................................... [2]
ar

(iii) To the third test-tube of solution,

dilute hydrochloric acid was added, no reaction
m

followed by barium chloride solution.

.s

(iv) To the fourth test-tube of solution, effervescence

aqueous sodium hydroxide and pungent gas given off
aluminium powder were added. turned damp litmus paper blue
w

The mixture was heated.

w
w

86
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93 For
5 Solid E was analysed. E was a calcium salt. Examiner’s
The tests on the solid and some of the observations are in the following table. Use
Complete the observations in the table.

tests observations
tests on solid E

(a) Appearance of solid E. white crystalline solid

om
(b) A little of solid E was heated in a test- colourless drops of liquid formed at the top
tube. of the tube

(c) A little of solid E was dissolved in distilled

.c
water.

ub
The solution was divided into four
test-tubes and the following tests were
carried out.

(i)
h
To the first test-tube of solution, drops
of aqueous sodium hydroxide were
..................................................................
du
added. ..................................................................
Excess sodium hydroxide was then
added to the test-tube. ............................................................ [3]
te

(ii) Test (i) was repeated using aqueous ...................................................................

ammonia solution instead of aqueous
sodium hydroxide. ........................................................... [1]
ar

(iii) To the third test-tube of solution,

dilute hydrochloric acid was added no reaction
m

followed by barium chloride solution.

.s

(iv) To the fourth test-tube of solution, effervescence

aqueous sodium hydroxide and pungent gas given off
aluminium powder were added. turned damp litmus paper blue
w

The mixture was heated.

w
w

93
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94 For
(d) What does test (b) tell you about solid E. Examiner’s
Use
...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(e) What does test (c)(iii) tell you about solid E?

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(f) Identify the gas given off in test (c)(iv).

om
..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(g) What conclusions can you draw about solid E?

.c
...........................................................................................................................................

ub
..................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 9]

h
du
te
ar
m
.s
w
w
w

94
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95 For
4 A student investigated the reaction between two different solutions of deep purple potassium Examiner’s
manganate(VII), A and B, and an acidic solution of hydrogen peroxide. Use

Three experiments were carried out.

Experiment 1

A burette was filled with the solution A of potassium manganate(VII) up to the 0.0 cm3 mark.
Using a measuring cylinder, 25 cm3 of colourless hydrogen peroxide solution was poured into
the conical flask.

om
The potassium manganate(VII) solution A was added slowly to the flask, and shaken to mix
thoroughly. Addition of potassium manganate(VII) solution was continued until there was a
permanent pink colour in the contents of the flask.

(a) Use the burette diagram to record the volume in the table of results and complete the

.c
column. [2]

ub
31

32

h
du
33

final reading
te

Experiment 2
ar

Experiment 1 was repeated using the solution B of potassium manganate(VII) instead of

solution A.
m

(b) Use the burette diagrams to record the volumes in the table of results and complete the
table. [2]
.s

18 34
w

19 35
w

20 36
w

initial reading final reading

experiment 1 experiment 2

final reading / cm3

initial reading / cm3
difference / cm3

95
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96 For
Experiment 3 Examiner’s
Use
To a little of the hydrogen peroxide solution in a test-tube, manganese(IV) oxide was added.

Rapid effervescence was observed and a glowing splint relit.

(c) Identify the gas given off in Experiment 3.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) (i) What colour change was observed when potassium manganate(VII) solution was

om
added to the flask?

from ..................................................... to ..................................................... [1]

(ii) Why was an indicator not added to the flask?

.c
.............................................................................................................................. [1]

ub
(e) (i) In which experiment was the greatest volume of potassium manganate(VII) solution
used?

h
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
du
(ii) Compare the volumes of potassium manganate(VII) used in Experiments 1 and 2.

.............................................................................................................................. [1]
te

(iii) Suggest an explanation for the difference in volumes.

....................................................................................................................................
ar

....................................................................................................................................
m

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(f) If Experiment 2 was repeated using 12.5 cm3 of the hydrogen peroxide solution, what
.s

volume of potassium manganate(VII) solution would be needed to react completely?

Explain your answer.
w

...........................................................................................................................................
w

..................................................................................................................................... [3]
w

(g) Give one advantage and one disadvantage of using a measuring cylinder for the
hydrogen peroxide solution.

advantage .........................................................................................................................

disadvantage .............................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 16]

96
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97 For
5 Two different liquids, M and N, were analysed. N was aqueous potassium iodide. Examiner’s
The tests on the liquids and some of the observations are in the following table. Use
Complete the observations in the table.

tests observations

(a) (i) Appearance of liquid M. colourless liquid with an antiseptic smell

(ii) Appearance of liquid N. ............................................................ [2]

om
(b) (i) A few drops of M were transferred
to a dry watch glass. The liquid was burns with a yellow flame
touched with a lighted splint.

.c
(ii) Test (b)(i) was repeated using liquid N. ............................................................ [1]

ub
(c) A little of liquid M was added to a crystal
of iodine in a test-tube. The test-tube was
shaken. orange-brown solution

(d) To a little of liquid N, a few drops of dilute

nitric acid was added, followed by silver h
du
nitrate solution. ........................................................... [2]
te

(e) What type of substance is liquid M?

...........................................................................................................................................
ar

..................................................................................................................................... [2]
m

[Total: 7]
.s
w
w
w

97
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105 For
5 A mixture, Z, of two different solids was analysed. Z consisted of solid W, which was Examiner’s
water-soluble ammonium chloride, and solid V, which was insoluble. Use

The tests on the solids, and some of the observations, are in the following table.

Complete the observations in the table.

tests observations
tests on mixture Z

om
(a) Appearance of the mixture. white solid

Mixture Z was added to distilled water in a

boiling tube. The boiling tube and contents

.c
were shaken and then filtered.

ub
tests on the filtrate

The filtrate was divided into three test-tubes.

h
(b) (i) To the first test-tube of the filtrate, a few
drops of dilute nitric acid was added
du
followed by silver nitrate solution. ............................................................ [2]

(ii) To the second test-tube of the filtrate,

aqueous sodium hydroxide was
te

added.
The mixture was heated. The gas given ...................................................................
off was tested with damp pH indicator
ar

paper. ........................................................... [2]

(iii) To the third test-tube of the filtrate,

m

dilute hydrochloric acid was added

followed by barium chloride solution. ........................................................... [1]
.s
w
w
w

105
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106 For
tests observations Examiner’s
Use
tests on the residue

(c) By using a spatula, some of the residue

was transferred from the filter paper into
a test-tube. Dilute hydrochloric acid was rapid effervescence
added to the residue.
The gas given off was tested. limewater turned milky

The solution in the test-tube was divided into

om
two portions.

(d) (i) To the first portion of the solution,

excess aqueous sodium hydroxide white precipitate formed,
was added. insoluble in excess

.c
(ii) To the second portion of the solution,

ub
excess aqueous ammonia solution no precipitate formed
was added.

(e) Identify the gas given off in (c). h

du
..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(f) What conclusions can you draw about solid V?

te

...........................................................................................................................................
ar

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]
m

[Total: 8]
.s
w
w
w

106
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108 For
5 A mixture of two solids, G and H, was analysed. G was water-soluble and H was copper Examiner’s
carbonate. Use
The tests on the mixture and some of the observations are in the following table.
Complete the observations in the table.

tests observations

The mixture was added to water in a boiling

tube. The mixture was shaken and filtered.
The filtrate and the residue were tested.

om
tests on the filtrate

(a) To the filtrate, dilute nitric acid was added

followed by aqueous silver nitrate. white precipitate

.c
ub
(b) To the filtrate, dilute sulfuric acid was
added. white precipitate

tests on the residue

h
du
(c) A little of the residue was put into a
test-tube and dilute nitric acid added. ................................................................... [1]

The gas was tested. ................................................................... [2]

te

The contents of the test-tube were kept

for test (d).
ar
m

(d) The contents of the test-tube were divided

into two portions.
.s

(i) To the first portion, an excess of ................................................................... [2]

aqueous sodium hydroxide was
added.
w

(ii) To the second portion, a few drops of

w

aqueous ammonia were added. ................................................................... [1]

w

Excess aqueous ammonia was then .........................................................................

added.
................................................................... [2]

(e) What conclusions can you draw about solid G?

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 10]

108
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113 For
4 A mixture of two solids, E and F, was analysed. Examiner’s
Solid E was the water-soluble salt aluminium chloride, Al Cl 3, and solid F was an insoluble Use
salt.
The tests on the mixture and some of the observations are in the following table.
Complete the observations in the table.

tests observations

Distilled water was added to the mixture in a

boiling tube.

om
The contents of the boiling tube were shaken
and filtered, keeping the filtrate and residue for
the following tests.

.c
tests on the filtrate

The filtrate was divided into five portions in

ub
five test-tubes.

(a) The first portion was used to describe the

appearance of the filtrate.
h appearance ........................................ [1]
du
(b) Several drops of aqueous sodium
hydroxide were added to the second
portion of the solution. ...................................................................
te

Excess aqueous sodium hydroxide was

then added to the test-tube. ............................................................ [3]
ar

(c) Aqueous ammonia was added to the third ...................................................................

portion, dropwise and then in excess.
m

............................................................ [2]
.s

(d) To the fourth portion of the solution, dilute

nitric acid and aqueous silver nitrate were
w

added. ............................................................ [2]

w

(e) To the fifth portion of the solution, about

w

1 cm3 of dilute nitric acid and barium

nitrate solution were added. ............................................................ [1]

113
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114 For
tests observations Examiner’s
Use

tests on the residue

(f) (i) To a little of the residue, dilute rapid effervescence

hydrochloric acid was added.
The gas given off was tested. gas turned limewater milky

(ii) The residue was heated, gently then

strongly. solid changed colour from green to black

om
(g) What conclusions can you draw about solid F?

...........................................................................................................................................

.c
..................................................................................................................................... [2]

ub
[Total: 11]

h
du
te
ar
m
.s
w
w
w

114
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120 For
4 Two solids, H and I, were analysed. H was the salt copper ethanoate, (CH3COO)2Cu. Examiner’s
The tests on the solids and some of the observations are in the following table. Use
Complete the observations in the table.

tests observations

tests on solid H

Solid H was added to distilled water in a

test-tube and shaken to dissolve. The solution

om
was divided into three equal portions in
test-tubes, and the following tests carried out.

(a) Appearance of the solution. ................................................................... [1]

.c
ub
(b) Aqueous sodium hydroxide was added to
the second portion of the solution. ................................................................... [2]

(c) Drops of aqueous ammonia were added

to the third portion of the solution. h ................................................................... [2]
du
Excess aqueous ammonia was then ........................................................................
added to the mixture.
................................................................... [2]
te
ar

tests on solid I

(d) (i) Solid I was heated in a dry test-tube.

m

The gas given off was tested with a solid turned black and charred
lighted splint. the gas ignited
.s

The test-tube was left to cool.

Dilute hydrochloric acid was then effervescence
added to the test-tube. The gas given
w

off was tested. limewater turned milky

w

(ii) Solid I was added to dilute nitric acid in

a test-tube. The solution was warmed smell of vinegar
and the mixture smelled.
w

(e) What conclusions can you draw about solid I?

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 9]

120
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129
5 A solid U was analysed. U was a soluble metal sulfate.
The tests on U, and some of the observations are in the following table.
Complete the observations.

tests observations

tests on solid U

(a) Appearance of solid U. pink crystals

om
(b) Solid U was heated gently and then
strongly in a test-tube. condensation droplets formed on the sides of the test-tube

.c
(c) Solid U was added to distilled
water in a test-tube and shaken
until dissolved.

ub
The solution was divided into
three equal portions in separate
test-tubes and the following tests
carried out.
h
du
Several drops of aqueous sodium
hydroxide were added to the first
portion of the solution and the pale brown precipitate
test-tube shaken.
te

Then hydrogen peroxide solution effervescence

was added to the mixture and the glowing splint relit
ar

gas given off tested.

m

(d) Dilute nitric acid was added to ............................................................................................

the second portion of the solution
.s

followed by barium nitrate solution. ...................................................................................... [2]

w

(e) Dilute nitric acid was added to the

third portion of the solution followed
w

by silver nitrate solution. ...................................................................................... [1]

w

129
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130
(f) What does test (e) tell you about solid U?

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(g) Name the gas given off in test (c).

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(h) What conclusions can you draw about solid U?

om
....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

.c
[Total: 7]

h ub
du
te
ar
m
.s
w
w
w

130
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136
5 Two solids, P and Q, were analysed. P was a metal compound and Q was calcium iodide.
Tests were carried out on P and Q and some of the observations are in the following table.
Complete the observations for solid Q.

tests observations

tests on solid P

(a) Appearance of solid P. black solid

om
(b) (i) Dilute sulfuric acid was added to
solid P and the mixture warmed. the solid reacted and a blue solution was formed

The solution was divided into

.c
two equal portions in test-tubes.
The following tests were carried
out.

ub
(ii) Drops of aqueous sodium
hydroxide were added to the blue precipitate formed
first portion of the solution.
h
du
Excess sodium hydroxide was
then added to the mixture in the blue precipitate insoluble
test-tube.
te

(iii) Aqueous ammonia was added blue precipitate formed which dissolved
to the second portion of the to form a deep blue solution
solution until no further change
ar

was seen.
m
.s
w
w
w

136
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137
tests observations

tests on solid Q

(c) Distilled water was added to solid Q

and the mixture shaken to dissolve
solid Q.

The solution was divided into three

equal portions in separate test-tubes.

om
..........................................................................................
(i) Aqueous sodium hydroxide was
added to the first portion until no ..................................................................................... [3]
further change was seen.

.c
..........................................................................................
(ii) Aqueous ammonia was added
to the second portion until no ..................................................................................... [1]

ub
further change was seen.

(iii) Dilute nitric acid and aqueous

silver nitrate were added to the h
..................................................................................... [1]
du
third portion.
te

(d) Identify solid P.

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
ar

[Total: 7]
m
.s
w
w
w

137
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143
5 Solid C was analysed. Solid C was a mixture of salts containing aluminium ions, sulfate ions and
another cation (positive ion).
Tests on solid C, and some of the observations, are in the table.
Complete the observations in the table.

tests observations

tests on solid C

(a) Appearance of solid C. white solid

om
(b) A little of solid C was heated gently
and then strongly. condensation was formed at the top of the test-tube

.c
The gas given off was tested with
damp pH indicator paper. pungent gas, pH = 10

ub
tests on a solution of C

Water was added to solid C to produce

an aqueous solution, solution C. h
du
(c) Drops of aqueous sodium
hydroxide were added to solution C
using a teat pipette. ............................................................................................
te

Excess aqueous sodium hydroxide

was then added to the mixture. ...................................................................................... [3]
ar

The mixture was boiled gently and

any gases given off were tested. pungent gas, pH = 10
m
.s

(d) Excess aqueous ammonia was

added to solution C. ...................................................................................... [1]
w

(e) A few drops of dilute nitric acid and

w

aqueous silver nitrate were added

to solution C. ...................................................................................... [1]
w

(f) A few drops of dilute nitric acid and

barium nitrate solution were added
to solution C. ...................................................................................... [2]

143
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144
(g) What does the formation of condensation in test (b) tell you about the nature of solid C?

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(h) What does test (e) tell you about the nature of solid C?

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(i) (i) Name the gas given off in test (b).

om
....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) What is your conclusion about the identity of the other cation in solid C?

.c
....................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 11]

h ub
du
te
ar
m
.s
w
w
w

144
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148
5 Solid H was analysed. Solid H was a salt containing iron(III) ions, sulfate ions and one other cation
(positive ion).
The tests on solid H, and some of the observations are in the following table.
Complete the observations in the table.

tests observations

tests on solid H

(a) Appearance of solid H. pale yellow solid

om
(b) Solid H was heated gently and then
strongly. condensation formed at the top of the test-tube

.c
The gas given off was tested with pungent gas
pH indicator paper.
pH paper turned blue-green, pH 10

ub
tests on a solution of H

Water was added to solid H to produce h

du
an aqueous solution, solution H.

(c) Drops of aqueous sodium

hydroxide were added to 1 cm3
te

of solution H and the test-tube

shaken. ...................................................................................... [2]
ar

Excess sodium hydroxide was then

added to the test-tube. ...................................................................................... [1]
m

The mixture was heated gently and

the gas given off was tested. pungent gas, red litmus paper turned blue
.s

(d) Excess aqueous ammonia solution

w

was added to solution H. ...................................................................................... [1]

w

(e) Dilute nitric acid and aqueous silver

nitrate were added to solution H. ...................................................................................... [1]
w

(f) Dilute nitric acid and barium nitrate

solution were added to solution H. ...................................................................................... [2]

148
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149
(g) What does the formation of condensation in test (b) tell you about the nature of solid H?

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(h) What does test (e) tell you about the nature of solid H?

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

om
(i) (i) Name the gas given off in test (c).

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

.c
(ii) What conclusions can you draw about the identity of the other cation in solid H?

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

ub
[Total: 11]

h
du
te
ar
m
.s
w
w
w

149
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157
5 Two metal salt solutions, E and F, were analysed.
E was a mixture of iron(II) sulfate and ammonium sulfate.
The tests on the solutions and some of the observations are in the following table.
Complete the observations in the table.

tests observations

tests on solution E

(a) Appearance of solution E. ................................................................ [1]

om
The solution was divided into three equal
portions in separate test-tubes.

.c
(b) Dilute nitric acid and aqueous barium
nitrate were added to the first portion of the
solution. ................................................................ [1]

ub
(c) (i) Excess aqueous sodium hydroxide
was added to the second portion of
the solution. h ................................................................ [2]
du
(ii) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate
heated. ......................................................................
The gas given off was tested with
te

damp litmus paper. ................................................................ [2]

ar

(d) Dilute sulfuric acid and aqueous potassium

manganate(VII), an oxidising agent, were
m

added to the third portion of the solution.

Aqueous sodium hydroxide was then
added to the mixture. ................................................................ [1]
.s

tests on solution F
w

(e) Appearance of solution F. yellow liquid

w
w

(f) Zinc powder was added to solution F. rapid effervescence

The solution was observed for five minutes. turned blue, then green and finally light purple

The gas given off was tested with a splint. lighted splint popped

157
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158
(g) Identify the gas given off in test (f).

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(h) What conclusions can you draw about solution F?

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

om
[Total: 10]

.c
h ub
du
te
ar
m
.s
w
w
w

158
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159 For
5 Two different solutions, X and Y, were analysed. X was copper sulfate solution. Examiner’s
The tests on the solutions, and some of the observations, are in the following table. Use

Complete the observations in the table.

tests observations
tests on solution X

(a) (i) Appearance of solution X. ................................................................ [1]

om
(ii) To a little of solution X, aqueous
sodium hydroxide was added. ................................................................ [2]

(iii) To a little of solution X, aqueous

ammonia was added drop by drop ................................................................ [1]

.c
and shaken.

Excess aqueous ammonia solution ......................................................................

ub
was then added to the test-tube.
................................................................ [2]

tests on solution Y
h
du
(b) (i) A little of solution Y was tested with
Universal Indicator paper. The pH pH1
was recorded.
te

(ii) To about 3 cm3 of solution Y a few

drops of dilute hydrochloric acid and white precipitate
then aqueous barium chloride was
ar

added.
m

(c) Identify solution Y.

.s

..................................................................................................................................... [2]
w

[Total: 8]
w
w

159
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© UCLES 2010 0620/61/O/N/10
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162 For
5 Two salts, W and X, were analysed. X was iron(II) chloride. Examiner’s
The tests on each salt, and some of their observations, are in the following table. Use
Complete the observations in the table.

tests observations
tests on salt W

(a) A little of W was heated in a test-tube. Any a white solid formed at the top of the
gas given off was tested with damp pH test-tube
indicator paper.

om
pungent gas evolved, pH 8-10

(b) W was dissolved in distilled water in a

test-tube.

.c
The solution was divided into three portions
in test-tubes and the following tests carried

ub
out.

(i) To the first portion, dilute hydrochloric

acid was added and then aqueous white precipitate
barium chloride.
h
du
(ii) To the second portion, dilute nitric
acid was added and then aqueous no visible reaction
silver nitrate.
te

(iii) To the third portion, aqueous sodium

hydroxide was added. The mixture
was heated and any gases given off pungent gas evolved, pH 8-10
ar

were tested with damp pH indicator

paper.
m

tests on salt X
.s

(c) Appearance of salt X. ................................................................. [1]

(d) Salt X was dissolved in distilled water in

w

a test-tube. The solution was divided into

two portions.
w

(i) To the first portion, excess aqueous .......................................................................

sodium hydroxide was added.
w

................................................................. [2]

(ii) To the second portion, a few drops .......................................................................

of nitric acid was added followed by
aqueous silver nitrate. ................................................................. [2]

162
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163 For
(e) Identify the gas given off in tests (a) and (b)(iii). Examiner’s
Use
..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(f) What conclusions can you draw about salt W?

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

om
..................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 9]

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h ub
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w
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163
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164 For
7 The label shows the substances present in a bottle of orange fruit drink. Examiner’s
Use

ORANGE FRUIT DRINK

Contains: orange juice, malic acid, citric acid

and natural colours (carotenes)

NO ARTIFICIAL COLOURS (E NUMBERS)

(a) A piece of pH indicator paper was dipped in the drink.

om
(i) Predict the pH value obtained.

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) Why does the pH indicator paper give a more reliable result than adding Universal

.c
Indicator solution to the drink?

ub
....................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

h
(b) Describe an experiment you could carry out to show that only natural colours were
du
present in the drink.

A space has been left if you want to draw a diagram to help you answer the question.
te
ar
m
.s
w

...........................................................................................................................................
w

...........................................................................................................................................
w

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [4]

[Total: 6]

164
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166 For
2 A student prepared a sample of potassium nitrate by neutralising nitric acid using potassium Examiner’s
hydroxide solution. Use
25.0 cm3 of nitric acid was poured into a conical flask. Potassium hydroxide was added a little
at a time from a burette as shown below.

potassium hydroxide
solution

om
.c
nitric acid

ub
After each addition of potassium hydroxide solution the pH was measured with a pH meter

h
and the values recorded in the table of results.
du
volume of potassium hydroxide
pH value
solution added / cm3

5.0 1.2
te

10.0 1.4
15.0 2.6
ar

20.0 2.0
24.0 2.7
m

24.5 3.0
.s

25.5 11.0
26.0 11.3
w

30.0 12.0
40.0 13.2
w

You are going to draw a graph to find the volume of potassium hydroxide solution required to
w

neutralise the 25.0 cm3 of nitric acid.

166
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167 For
(a) Plot the results on the grid below and draw a smooth line graph. Examiner’s
Use
14

12

10

om
8

.c
pH

ub
6

4 h
du
2
te
ar

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
m

volume of potassium hydroxide

solution added / cm3
[3]
.s

(b) Which point appears to be inaccurate?

w

..................................................................................................................................... [1]
w

(c) (i) Use your graph to find the pH of the solution when 35.0 cm3 of potassium hydroxide
was added.
w

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) Use your graph to find the pH of 25.0 cm3 of nitric acid.

Show clearly on the grid how you obtained your answer.

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

167
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168 For
(d) (i) What is the pH of the solution when all of the nitric acid has just been neutralised? Examiner’s
Use
.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) What volume of potassium hydroxide was required to neutralise 25.0 cm3 of nitric
acid?

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(e) Describe how the student should modify the experiment to obtain pure crystals of
potassium nitrate.

om
...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.c
...........................................................................................................................................

ub
...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

h [Total: 12]
du
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ar
m
.s
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w
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168
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169 For
5 Three different liquids P, Q and R were analysed. Examiner’s
P was an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid. Use
The tests on the liquids and some of the observations are in the following table.
Complete the observations in the table.

tests observations

(a) (i) Appearance of the liquids. P ............................................................... [1]

Q colourless, smell of vinegar

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R colourless, no smell

(ii) The pH of the liquids was tested using P ............................................................... [1]

.c
Universal Indicator paper.
Q pH 5

ub
R pH 7

(b) A piece of magnesium ribbon was added

to a little of each liquid. h P .....................................................................
du
The gas given off by liquid P was tested. ................................................................... [2]

Q slow effervescence
te

R no reaction
ar

(c) To a little of liquid P, hydrochloric acid and

aqueous barium chloride were added. ................................................................... [2]
m

(d) Liquid R was heated to boiling in a

.s

test-tube. A thermometer was used to temperature = 100 °C

record the constant temperature of the
vapour produced.
w
w

(e) What conclusions can you draw about liquid Q?

..................................................................................................................................... [2]
w

(f) Identify liquid R.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 9]

169
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199
5 Two metal salt solutions, X and Y, were analysed. Solution X was iron(II) chloride.
The tests on X and Y, and some of the observations, are given in the following tables.
Complete the observations in the table.

tests observations

tests on solution X

(a) Appearance of solution X. ...................................................................................... [1]

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The solution was divided into four equal
portions.

(b) Dilute nitric acid and aqueous

.c
silver nitrate were added to the first
portion of solution. ...................................................................................... [1]

ub
(c) Aqueous sodium hydroxide was
added to the second portion of
solution and the mixture shaken.
h
...................................................................................... [2]
du
(d) Excess aqueous ammonia was
added to the third portion of
solution. ...................................................................................... [1]
te
ar

(e) An oxidising agent was added to

the fourth portion of the solution.
Aqueous sodium hydroxide was
m

then added to the mixture. ...................................................................................... [2]

.s
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w
w

199
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200
tests observations

tests on solution Y

The solution was divided into three

equal portions.

(f) Dilute hydrochloric acid was added

to the first portion of the solution. white precipitate formed

om
(g) Aqueous sodium hydroxide was
added to the second portion of the
solution and the mixture shaken.
Aluminium powder was added to effervescence

.c
the mixture and it was warmed
gently. The gas given off was pungent gas evolved, litmus paper turned blue
tested with damp red litmus paper.

ub
(h) Aqueous potassium iodide was
added to the third portion of the
solution. h pale yellow precipitate
du
(i) What conclusions can you draw about solution Y?
te

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
ar

[Total: 9]
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.s
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w
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200
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206
5 Two solids, P and Q, were analysed. Q was anhydrous copper(II) sulfate.
Tests on the solids and some of the observations are in the following tables.
Complete the observations in the table.

tests observations

tests on solid P

(a) Appearance of solid P. white crystals

om
(b) Solid P was heated gently in a dry
test-tube. condensation formed at the top of the test-tube

.c
tests on aqueous solution of P

ub
An aqueous solution of P was divided
into three equal portions.
The following tests were carried out.

(c) The pH of the first portion of the

solution was tested. h pH 5
du
(d) Copper(II) oxide was added to the
second portion of the solution. The
te

mixture was boiled and the mixture

left to stand for one minute. blue solution formed
ar

(e) Magnesium powder was added

m

to the third portion of the solution.

The mixture was shaken and the
gas evolved tested. effervescence, lighted splint popped
.s

(f) Identify the gas in test (e).

w

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
w

(g) What conclusions can you draw about solid P?

w

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

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207
tests observations

tests on solid Q

(h) Appearance of solid Q. ...................................................................................... [1]

(i) Solid Q was added to distilled water temperature change ...........................................................

and stirred with a thermometer.
The temperature of the mixture other observations ..............................................................

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was measured and recorded after
one minute. ...................................................................................... [2]

The solution formed was divided into

.c
two equal portions.

ub
(j) An equal volume of aqueous
sodium hydroxide was added to
the first portion of the solution. ...................................................................................... [2]

(k) Drops of aqueous ammonia were h

du
added to the second portion of the ............................................................................................
solution and shaken.
............................................................................................
Excess ammonia solution was then
te

added. ...................................................................................... [3]

ar

[Total: 11]
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© UCLES 2015 0620/63/O/N/15