Literature as Data Summaries

Initial Wondering (List it here):

What task management can we do to help students with ADHD?

Does your wondering pass the litmus test? Complete the checklist below to confirm.
Is it specific?

� Is it focused on student learning? yes

� Is it a real question (question whose answer is not known)? yes

� Is it a question about which you are passionate? yes

� Is it a “how can I” wondering? (What impact might it have on your students?) yes

� Is it free of judgmental language? yes

� Is it focused on your own practice? yes

� Is it a dichotomous (yes/no) question? no

� Is it clear and concise? no

� Is it doable? yes
APA Citation: Sulu, M. D., Martella, R. C., & Kiyak, U. E. (2023). Using self‐monitoring to increase on‐task behaviors of students
with attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) in inclusive classrooms in Turkey (Türkiye). Behavioral Interventions,
38(3), 706–724. https://doi.org/10.1002/bin.1946
Notes about Key Quotes & Ideas Actions or Impact on Actions in the Classrooms
(Think of 3 or more ideas)

1. Self-monitoring is effective in improving students on task
behavior.
2. Self-monitoring includes a shift in responsibility from
teachers to students.
3. “Dalton et al. found that self-monitoring not only
improved the on-task (and academic) performance of
two students with learning disabilities but also resulted in
improved teacher ratings of overall classroom behavior.”
- Will benefit the whole class
- Students will get the sense of responsibility by self-
monitoring their on-task and off-task behavior
- By participating, students on-task behavior continued to
be maintained and generalized to other settings and
people.

How does this article relate to equity in the classroom?

This article relates to equity because it is providing students with responsibilities to improve their course of study.
APA Citation: Efficacy of a function-based intervention in decreasing off-task ... (n.d.).
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/10983007060080040301
Notes about Key Quotes & Ideas Actions or Impact on Actions in the Classrooms
(Think of 3 or more ideas)

1. Students directly observed, had data indicated that off-
task behavior was maintained by attention.
2. The motivation assessment scale data also suggested
that off-task behavior was maintained by attention.
- Will help to improve individual behavior
- Helping students learn how to beneficially communicate
with the teacher.
- Function based intervention decision tree helps the
teacher to decide which method is best for intervention.

3. The student being observed “was hypothesized that his

off-task behavior serve a dual function, maintained both
by positive reinforcement in the form of teacher attention
and by negative reinforcement in the form of escape
form independent tasks.”

How does this article relate to equity in the classroom?

This brings equity to the classroom by allowing for each to student to independently work, while learning how to communicate their
needs to the teacher and classmates.

APA Citation: Scholarly Resources for Learning and research | gale. (n.d.-b). https://www.gale.com/

Notes about Key Quotes & Ideas Actions or Impact on Actions in the Classrooms
(Think of 3 or more ideas)

1. Positive behavior support (PBS) is an effective way to - student’s interaction between instructional practices in
address problem behaviors in a positive manner. the classroom influence their motivation.
- Using student interests as positive behavior support for
2. Incorporating students’ interests is a big factor of PBS
 3. “Instruction was determined to align with their interests
and be an environmental and instructional change that
might support students' on-task behavior and academic
engagement”
students with learning disabilities.
- Using technological devices in daily curriculum allows
students to work on specific aspects of their learning that
they struggle with while in the general education setting.

How does this article relate to equity in the classroom?

This article relates to equity in the classroom by allowing students to align the lesson to their interests by using technological
devices.

APA Citation: Daily behavior report cards with and without home-based consequences ... (n.d.-a).
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07317107.2010.500501
Notes about Key Quotes & Ideas Actions or Impact on Actions in the Classrooms
(Think of 3 or more ideas)

1. “ADHD is more commonly diagnosed in African
American children from low socioeconomic
backgrounds”
2. “Studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of daily
behavior ratings with home-based consequences for
improving the classroom behavior of low income, African
American children”
- Regular communication between parents and teachers is
effective to help being more positive educational
outcomes.
- Performance feedback is shown to increase the desired
behavior is school children.
- Every day teachers fill out a daily behavior report card
that is designated to rate students on target behavior.

3. It was found that the report card with parent delivered

consequences was found more effective.

How does this article relate to equity in the classroom?

This relates to equity in the classroom by allowing students to keep track of their behavior daily. This can help them to focus of the
day by day rather than the whole picture.

APA Citation: Abramowitz, A. J., & O’Leary, S. G. (1991). Behavioral Interventions for the Classroom: Implications for Students
 with ADHD. School Psychology Review, 20(2), 220–234. https://doi.org/10.1080/02796015.1991.12085547
Notes about Key Quotes & Ideas Actions or Impact on Actions in the Classrooms
(Think of 3 or more ideas)

1. “Multimodal treatment for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity
Disorder (ADHD) includes classroom modifications and
interventions; parent education and training;
pharmacotherapy when appropriate; and, as needed,
other therapies such as training in social skills, anger
control or problem-solving, family therapy, and individual
therapy. Although this article deals exclusively with the
educational management of the disorder”
- Environmental and characteristic changes receive less
attention from educators.
- Teachers give several types of nonverbal feedbacks,
positive and negative
- Teachers are using incentives to get students to act
upon specified desired behaviors.

2. “Classroom token economies involve awarding or

removing tokens or points to children contingent upon
specified desirable or undesirable behaviors.”

3. Peer reinforcement can also facilitate generalization

across classes.

How does this article relate to equity in the classroom?

Students are able to receive reinforcement from their peers that can help redirect their behaviors.

Citing a Journal Article Cheat Sheet:

Last Name, First Initial. (year). Title (only first word capitalized). Journal Name, volume(issue#), pages.

Last Name, First Initial., Last name, First Initial. (year)

Reflection:
What are several themes you found across your literature summaries?

I found several themes relating to acceptance, student involvement, environmental changes, teacher incentives, and student
responsibility.

What are some of your ideas for how to utilize what you learned from your literature in your classroom? How will this promote
equity for your students?

I want to include more of student ideas to involve them more and give them more responsibility. I also want to include more positive
feedback, especially back to the parents. This can promote equity for students by giving them more tasks to keep them on track
and allow them to task responsibility for their learning.

How have you revised your wondering after the literature data collection? Why or Why not? If a new wondering, add it here.

No, I revised my wondering with my CT before doing data research because I wanted to be sure I was researching the correct
information.