Rifty valley university

Faculity of health department

Adama cumpus
Environmental health
assignment one fourth year
weekend lab student ID:-
0012/16.
Prepared by :-Alemtsehay Sima.

Submitted To
 Questions
1. how do you evaluate pesticide use and associated environmental effect on human
health ?
2. write on health care waste management ?
3. what are occupational disease and their profile in developing countries?
4. What are the relationship of socio-economic characteristics of a community waste
generation and management practice ?
5. What are the important requirement for a land field site selection ?

Answer
1.peasticide can contaminate soil, water, fruit and other vegetation . in addition to killing insects or
weeds ,pesticide can be toxic to a host of other organisms including birds, fish, beneficial insects ,and
non target plants .

Pesticides benefits the crops however they also impose a serious negative impact on the environment .
excessive use of pesticide may lead to the destruction of biodiversity. many birds, aquatic organisms and
animals are under the trait of harmful pesticide for their survival.
Pesticide led to over 3 million poisoning cases annually up to 22 thousand days primarily in developing
countries .some are highly toxic and may cause serious illness even days if spilled on the skin, inhaled or
other wise used carelessly.

Adverse health effects due to pesticide rinse from acute o chronic disease such as cancer, birth defect,
neurological defect ,reproductive defect and immune toxicity, numerous evidence led to scientists to
investigate the mechanism by which pesticide exposure cause such diseas.

2. ensure to ensure that the safe and environmentally sound of management f health care waste can
prevent adverse and environmental impacts from such waste including unintended release of chemical
or biological hazards including drug resistance micro organisms in to the environment thus protecting
the health .

The plan should clearly define the duties and responsibilities of member of staff both clinical and non
clinical in respect of the handling of health care waste and establish line of accountability.

The primary method of treatment and disposal of medical waste are : incineration, auto cleave
mechanical or chemical disinfection .

Medical waste fall into one of four categories: infectious ,hazardous radioactive and other
infectious ,hazardous and radioactive material . represent only a small portion of all medical waste ,but
attract the most concern. an auto cleave may also be used to threat biomedical waste and an auto
cleave uses steam and pressure to sterilize the waste or reduce its microbiological load to a level at
which it may be safely disposed .

3.an occupational disease is any disease contracted primarily as a result of an exposure to risk factors
arising from work activity. Work related disease have multiple causes where factors in the work
environment may play a role, together with other risk factors ,in the work environment may play a
role ,together with other risk factors in the development of such disease .

What are occupational disease name a few with example

 Occupational asthma
 Occupational COPD
 Occupational dermatitis
 Occupational musculoskeletal disorder and so on

An occupational disease is a health condition or disorder. like cancer ,musculoskeletal disorder ,post
traumatic stress and etc. that is caused by your work environment or activities related to your work.

Common causes of occupational disease, hazardous material .when an employee works with hazardous
material such as chemicals they expose their health to potential disease.

Nosy environments ,people such as construction workers and engineer often work on site that have a lot
of noise.
Background global occupation health and safety(OHS) is strictly linked to the dynamics of economic
globalization .global(OHS) issues also become local in developed countries due to many factor’s
including untrained migrant worker ,in the informal sector, construction and agriculture .

Occupational health is a neglected part of public health in many developing countries where industrial
activity is increasing will explore the tasks and structure of occupational health service, work place risk
factors ,major occupational disease and the steps of risk assessment system.

Investing in education is one of the most important ways to improve health in developing countries by
educating citizens.

Increased health literacy take preventive health care major ,avoid riskier health behavior and demand
better quality health service .

The intent behind the occupational safety and health topic area is to prevent disease, injuries, and death
that are due to working condition . related illness and injuries include any illness or injury occurred by an
employee engaged in work related activities while on or off the work site.

4. factors that influence the quantity of municipal waste generated include geographic location, season
of the year , collection of frequency, use of kitchen waste renders, characteristics of populace extent of
salvaging and recycling public activities.

Interpreted solid waste management refers to strategic approach to sustainable management of solid
waste covering. all source and all aspects ,covering ,generation, separation, transfer, sorting treatment
recovery and disposal in an interpreted manner with an emphasis on maximizing resource use of
efficiency .

The characteristics of fresh municipal solid waste are critical in planning designing, operating or
upgrading solid waste management system. physical composition ,moister content ,compacted unit
Wight permeability are the most important municipal (MSW) characteristics to be considered in
planning system.

Top 5 occupational safety and health issues to watch :new drug and alcohol clearing house, reducing
serious injuries and fatalities ,managing employee health issues, compliance with OSHS new silica
rule ,shift to risk ,based assessment and management system.

Rapidly increasing population ,rising living standard ,development in the field of science and technology
have caused more growing waste.

5.the most widely used factors for selecting a land fill site are ground water depth ,surface water vicinity
,elevation land slope ,soil permeability ,soil stability ,flooding susceptibility ,lithology and
stratification ,fault ,land used type near be settlement and urbanization ,cultural and protected site
vicinity.

Distance from natural elements of space water courses, water source ,protected natural resource etc.
All modern land fill site are care fully selected and prepared example: sealed with impermeable
scientific bottom line to prevent pollution of grounded water or other environmental problem. when the
land fill is completed. it is caped with a layer of clay or scientific line in order to prevent water from
entering .

Land fill heights are reported to vary from less than 5 meter to well above 30 meter. Aland fill site will
comprise of he area in which the waste will be filled as well as additional area for support facilities .

In order to select suitable sites for land fill several important criteria such as geology ,hydrology, land
use ,slope aspect and distance from settlement, surface water body ,roads rail way ,streams ,and
protected areas where chosen according to standard and regulation.

Reference books
1. bassets environmental health 9th edition
2. hygiene and environmental health part one
3. medical technology and environmental health(edited by addey gafer Abdullah )
4. ethics of environmental health edition
5.