Subject No.

INDEPENDENT STUDY GUIDE

(ISG) Enhance Science

Name Grade & Section

Score

Teacher: Ms. Ronalyn Villanueva Date

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Content Standard/Topic: Acids, Bases and Salts

Objectives – At the end of this ISG, I will learn to

1. differentiate acids from bases

2. recognize substance as acid or base

Introduction

Most pure substances are compounds, and they are classified into acids, bases and salts. Acids, bases, and salts are
evident in the quality of environment, food, and everyday living. To be able to identify one from the other, you need to
use indicators.

Discussion

Indicators are substances whose colors are affected by acids and bases. An example is the litmus paper. Acids
change a blue litmus paper to red, while bases change a red litmus paper to blue. Salts do not affect the indicators.

The process of mixing an acid and a base to produce a neutral solution is called netralization.

Characteristics of Acid:

1. They have a sour taste like the taste of citrus fruits. Do not taste to test the presence of acid. Some can
produce painful burns.

2. In industries, many acids are corrosive.

3. Acids are electrolytes, they produce hydrogen ions which can conduct electricity when dissolve in water.

4. Acid neutralizes bases.

Some Common Acids

Acid Formula May be found in:

Acetic acid CH3COOH Vinegar
Carbonic acid H2CO3 Soft drinks
Ascorbic acid C5H9O5COOH Citrus fruits
Formic acid HCOOH Red ants
Lactic acid CH3CHOHCOOH Sour milk
Nitric acid HNO3 Cleaning solutions
Phosphoric acid H3PO4 Detergents/ Fertilizers
Hydrochloric acid HCl Muriatic acid

BASES

Bases are called alkaline substances.

1. Solutions of bases have a bitter taste.

2. Solutions of bases feel slippery on the skin.

3. Bases neutralizes acids, forming water and salts from the reaction.

Some common bases:

Base Formula Common Name

Sodium hydroxide NaOH Lye, “sosa”
Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 Limewater, “lihiya”
Magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2 Milk of magnesia

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pH Scale- a measure of H+ (hydrogen ion) concentration in a solution is indicated by a unit called pH. Soren Sorensen,
a Danish chemist, developed a scale ranging from 0-14. Solutions with pH lower than 7 are acidic. Solutions with pH
higher than 7 are base. The lower the pH value, the more acidic the solution is. The higher the pH, the more basic the
solution is.

pH Scale

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

------------------------------------------ NEUTRAL ------------------------------------------------------

ACIDIC pure water (pH 7) ALKALINE/BASIC

Salt- is the compound produce by a neutralization reaction between an acid and a base. Sodium chloride or table salt is
one of many different salts that can be formed.

Exercises:

A. Determine whether the following are acid, base, neutral or salt. Use the blank before the number.

__________1. Human blood (pH 7.4) __________6. Sodium Chloride (NaCl)

__________2. Hand soap (pH 10) ___________7. Pure water (pH 7)

__________3. Human urine (pH 5) ___________8. Gypsum salt

__________4. tomato juice (pH 4) ___________9. Gastric juice (pH 2)

__________5. Household bleach (pH 12) ___________10. Milk of magnesia (pH 10.5)

Student’s Insights

References

Valdoz, Meliza P. et.al Science Links Worktext for Scientific and Technological Literacy. Rex Bookstore 2918

Teacher’s Remarks: ______ Complete ______ Incomplete ______ Redo ______ For Consultation

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