EDFS21 LEARNING

EPISODE Preparing for Teaching and Learning

9

SPARK Your Interest

This Episode gives emphasis on the principles of learning which must be applied to ensure
quality instruction. It also focuses on the Intended Learning Outcomes which set the direction of the
lesson. They must be (SMART) Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic and Time-bound and
formulated in accordance with time-tested principles. It also determines the teaching method used by the
Resource Teacher whether (inductive or deductive) which is the practical realization or application of an
approach. This episode dovetails with the course on Facilitating Learner-Centered Teaching.

TARGET Your Intended Learning Outcomes

At the end of this Episode, I must be able to:

 identify the teaching-learning practices that apply or violate the principles of teaching learning
 determine the guiding principles on lesson objectives/ learning outcomes applied in instruction
 judge if lesson objectives/intended learning outcomes are SMART;
 determine whether or not the intended leaning outcomes are achieved at the end of the lesson,
 observe the teaching methods used by the Resource Teacher, and differentiate the different
methods of teaching.

REVISIT the Learning Essentials

These are the time-tested principles of teaching and learning:
1. Effective learning begins with setting clear expectations and learning outcomes.
2. Learning is an active process. "What I hear, I forget, what I see, I remember what I do, I understand."
3. Learning is the discovery of the personal meaning of ideas. Students are given the opportunity to
connect what they learn with other concepts learned, with real world experiences and with their own
lives.
4. Learning is a cooperative and a collaborative process.
A teaching method consist of a systematic and orderly step in the teaching- learning process. It is
the practical realization or application of an approach. All methods of teaching can be classified either as
deductive (direct) or inductive (indirect).

DEDUCTIVE INDUCTIVE
Begins with a rule, METHODS Begins with the concrete,
generalization, abstraction, OF experience details,
and ends with concrete TEACHING examples and ends with
experience, details, rule, generalization,
OBSERVE, ANALYZE, REFLECT
examples abstraction
 Activity 9.1 Demonstrating an Understanding of Research-Based Knowledge Principles of Teaching
Learning

Resource Teacher: Teacher’s Signature: School:

Grade/ Year Level Subject Area: Date:

OBSERVE
Observe a class with the use of principles of learning given in Revisit the Learning Essentials. I
will identify evidence of applications/ violations of the principles of learning. I can cite more than one
evidence per principle of learning.

Principles of Learning What did the Resource Teacher do to apply the

principle of learning
1. Effective learning begins with setting of clear and
high expectations of learning outcomes.

2. Learning is an active process.

3. Learning is the discovery of personal meaning and

relevance of ideas.

4. Learning is a cooperative and collaborative process.

Learning is enhanced in an atmosphere of cooperation
and collaboration

ANALYZE
1. What principles of learning were most applied? Least applied?
Most Applied:

Least Applied:

2. Give instances where this/ these principle/s could have been applied.

REFLECT

From among the principles of learning, which one do you think is the most important?
 Activity 9.2 Identifying Learning Outcomes that are Aligned with Learning Competencies
Resource Teacher: Teacher’s Signature: School:
Grade/ Year Level Subject Area: Date:
OBSERVE
Observe a class, this time, focusing on how the learning outcomes were stated. Determine if the
learning outcome/s was/were achieved or not. Give evidence.
1. Write the learning outcomes stated in the lesson.

Learning Outcomes SMART Objectives Achieved

YES NO YES NO
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

2. Cite pieces of evidences that these learning outcomes were achieved.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

ANALYZE
1. Do SMART objectives make the lesson more focused?

REFLECT
Reflect on the:

Lessons learned in determining SMART learning outcomes

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
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Activity 9.3 Distinguishing Between Inductive and Deductive Methods of Teaching
Resource Teacher: Teacher’s Signature: School:
Grade/ Year Level Subject Area: Date:

OBSERVE
I will observe one Resource Teacher with the use of this observation sheet. Using the guide questions, I
shall reflect on my observations and analysis.

Teacher- Centered Student- Centered

Did teacher lecture all the time? Were students involved in the teaching learning
process? How? Or were they mere passive
recipients of instruction?

Was the emphasis on the mastery of lesson or on Was the emphasis on the students’ application of
the test? Prove. the lesson in real life? give proofs

Was the class atmosphere competitive? Why? Was the class atmosphere collaborative? Why?

Did the teacher focus only on one discipline/ Did the teacher connect lesson to other
subject? disciplines/subjects?

What teaching- learning practice shows that teaching approach was:

a. Constructivist- connected to past experiences of learners; learners constructed new lesson
meanings

b. Inquiry- based

c. Developmentally appropriate- learning activities fit the developmental stage of children

d. Reflective
 e. Inclusive- no learner was excluded; teacher taught everybody

f. Collaborative

g. Integrative- lesson was multi-disciplinary- e.g. Science, Math concepts were taught

ANALYZE
1. What are the possible consequences od teaching purely subject matter for mastery and for the
test?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2. If you were to reteach the class you observed/ Would you be teacher centered or student
centered? Why?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

REFLECT

Reflect on Principles of Teaching worth Applying

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________

SHOW Your Learning Artifacts

Post proofs of learning that you were able to gain in this episode. You may attach the lesson plan
(s) used by the Resource Teacher to show the Intended Learning Outcomes and the methods used in class.
 EVALUATE PERFORMANCE TASK
Evaluate your work task Field Study 1, Episode 9- Preparing for Teaching and Learning
Learning Outcome: Identify the teaching- learning practices that apply or violate the principles of
teaching learning; determine the guiding principles on lesson objectives/ learning outcomes applied in
instruction; judge if the lesson objectives/ intended learning outcomes are SMART; Determine whether or
not the intended learning outcomes are achieved at the end of the lesson; observe the teaching methods
used by the Resource Teacher; differentiate on the learning methods of teaching.

Name of FS Student: Date Submitted:

Year and Section: Course:

Learning Episode Excellent Very Satisfactory Satisfactory Needs Improvement

4 3 2 1
Accomplished All observation One (1) or two(2 ) Three observation Four (4 )or more
Observation questions/task observation questions /task not observation
Sheet completely answered/ questions /task not answered/ questions/task not
accomplished answered / accomplished answered / accomplished
accomplished
Analysis All questions were All questions were Questions were not Four (4 )or more
answered completely; answered completely; answered completely; observation questions
answers are with depth answers are clearly answers are not clearly were not answered,
and are thoroughly connected to theories, connected to theories. answers not connected
grounded on theories, grammar and 1-3 grammatical to theories; more than
grammar and spelling spellings are free from spelling errors four (4) grammatical/
are free from errors errors spelling errors
Reflection Profound and Clear; Clear but lacks depth, Not so clear and Unclear and shallow,
supported by what were supported by what shallow, somewhat rarely supported by what
observed and analyzed were observed and supported by what were observed and
analyzed were observed and analyzed
analyze
Learning Portfolio is reflected on Portfolio is reflected Portfolio is not Portfolio is not reflected
Artifacts in the context of the on in the context of reflected on in the on in the context of the
learning outcomes; the learning context of the learning learning outcomes; not
complete, well outcomes. Complete, outcome. Complete; complete; not organized;
organized, highly well organized, very not organized. not relevant
relevant to the learning relevant to the Relevant to the
outcome learning outcome learning outcome
Submission Submitted before the Submitted on the Submitted a day after Submitted 2 days of
deadline deadline the deadline more after the deadline
Comment/s Overall score: _________________
Rating Based on Transmutation: _________
TRANSMUTATION OF SCORE AND RATING
SCORE 20 19-18 17 16 15 14 13- 11 10 9-8 7-below
12
GRADE 1.0 1.25 1.5 1.75 2.00 2.25 2.5 2.75 3.00 3.5 5.00
0
99 96 93 90 87 84 81 78 75 72 71- below

SUSANA C. SAN PEDRO

Signature of FS Teacher above Printed Name Date