WORKPLACE EMERGENCY

PREPAREDNESS

E N G R . M A R K A N T H ON Y C . C ON D E , OSH P, F SP, M E
Objective of Module 5:

Participants will be able to

know how to respond in
workplace emergencies and
participate during conduct of
emergency drills
Part 6 – Workplace Emergency Preparedness

Topics:
 Role of OSH personnel
 Responses during Emergency
 Conduct of Emergency Drills
 GENERAL PRINCIPLES
What is an Emergency?
- any unplanned event that can cause death, or significant
injuries to employees and to the public
 GENERAL PRINCIPLES
What is Disaster?
- is a natural or man-made hazard resulting to tragic
events bringing great damage, destruction, loss of life and
drastic change to environment.
EMERGENCY
EMERGENCY
PREPAREDNESS
PREPAREDNESS
What are the weak spots?

Hazard Identification
Risk Assessment
Determining Controls
 EMERGENCY
EMERGENCY
PREPAREDNESS
PREPAREDNESS
Are you and your company prepared?

Do you have:
• An emergency plan?
• A designated meeting place if workers are separated?
• Emergency supply kits?
• The ability to survive for at least 72 hours?
• First aid training?
• Consideration for special needs or elderly?
 EMERGENCY
EMERGENCY
PREPAREDNESS
PREPAREDNESS
Each disaster that may affect the company must
have its own emergency preparedness
procedure/plan:

In cases of:
1) Fire
2) Earthquake
3) Terrorism
4) Flood/Typhoon
5) Riot
6) Mass Casualty
 EMERGENCY
EMERGENCY
PREPAREDNESS
PREPAREDNESS
PLAN must include:

1) What to do before/during/after?
2) Contact personnel/agencies
3) Maps (evacuation map)

To assess effectiveness of emergency plan, drills

must be conducted at least twice a year.
 EMERGENCY
EMERGENCY
PREPAREDNESS
PREPAREDNESS
Get everyone involved

• Post emergency numbers and know when to call.

• Show employees and officers how to turn off main utility
switches.
• Learn about fire safety and how to use the fire extinguisher.
• Take a first aid and CPR class.
• Everyone should know where emergency kits are stored.
• Determine the best escape routes and conduct earthquake
drills (drop, cover, hold)
• Find the safe places in your premises for each type of
disaster.
• Decide on meeting places inside and outside of the facilities
EMERGENCY
EMERGENCY
PREPAREDNESS
PREPAREDNESS
INFORMATION and DRILLS
P eople
A re
N ot
I nformed
C orrectly
 EMERGENCIES

CROWD MANAGEMENT
FIGHT OR FLIGHT
 5 Crowd Management Lesson During
Emergency Situation

1. People do Not Always Panic in an Emergency.

2. Alarms should change from a perception of Safety
to a perception of Danger.
3. Once the crowd move it is impossible to Stop them.
4. It’s not Crowd Control, It’s Crowd Management.
5. During Drill simulate crowd movement.
CONTRARY TO POPULAR BELIEF, PANICKING
IS RARE IN NORMAL EVACUATION
PROCEDURES
PANIC only ensues, if at all, three factors combine:

1. The perception of great danger for oneself or other

relevant persons.
2. The belief that rescue is possible but escape
routes and options are limited and cannot be
followed without restrictions
3. A feeling of helplessness and inability to avoid the
danger in other ways.
DIRECT PERCEPTION OF THREAT
WARNINGS ARE INTENDED TO CHANGE THEIR PERCEPTION

FROM PERCEPTION OF
SAFETY TO A PERCEPTION
HUMAN BEINGS ARE THE HARDEST CREATURE
ON THE PLANET TO WARN

People mill and hang around to interact with others to

change their perception.,
Redefine their perception of safety to perception of threat
 EMERGENCY WARNINGS & DELAY

Hazardous 1st 1st Warning Protective

Warning Received Action
Notification Issued

ISSUANCE DIFUSSIO PAI

DELAY N DELAY DELAY
UNDERSTANDIN
G
CROWDS

COMPETITION KILLS
CROWDS ARE DEAF & DUMB
CONSIDER PHYSICS
CROWD CONTROL AS LAST
RESORT
NOT CROWD CONTROL: MANAGE THE CROWD
People will not evenly use fire exit
 Accuracy and authority of information shapes their
reaction and decision to start to move
 People rely on “Authority Figure” In times of crisis
and suggest that clear chains of command are
almost equally as clear routes of exits
FIGURE: The presence of large number of Fire Fighter and other first responders
might have helped reassure and motivate evacuees after the attacks on the Two
World Trade Centre towers on September 11, 2001.
 CROWD MANAGER

Assembly occupancies shall provide a trained

Crowd Manager.
An additional trained person is required if the
capacity reaches 250 persons and for each
additional 250 person after that.

Reference: NFPA 101, The life safety code

Simulate Crowd Movement
 DRILL VS REALITY

FIRE ALARM GOES

OFF
“EVERYBODY STAY SEATED. THERE
WAS NO FIRE DRILL SCHEDULED
FOR TODAY.”
CONTROL PANIC ATTACK WITH
THIS…

STOP

THINK


OBSERVE

PERFORM
 ERT Organizational Structure

ERT Chairman

Safety Officer

Vice Chairman

Zone Team Leader

Fire Rescue & First Aid Communication

/
Evacuation Security Salvage
Fighting Searcher’s Medical Team
Team Team Team
Team Team Team
Composition of ERT

Zone Marshal Fire Fighting Team

 Manage the whole  Responsible for
fire suppression immediate
and evacuation of containment or
extinguishing of
employees the fire (usage of
 Decides coarse of fire extinguisher
action of ERT and fire
member hose/hydrant)
Composition of ERT

Evacuation Guide • Conduct headcount to

• Guide employees to determine if all
the nearest exit and employees were
to the accounted and no one
evacuation/assembl left from the area
y area • Report to Rescue and
• Widely open the Searcher team for any
door and ensure missing person found,
there is no then rescue and
obstruction at searcher team will find
evacuation routes the missing person
• Ensure that all
employees
evacuated the areas
 Composition of ERT

Rescue and Searcher First Aid Team

 Look for and aids  Provide immediate
any hysterical treatment or first aid to the
injured or injured employees after the
incapacitated rescue team had remove the
persons injured person from the
 Search employee/s
danger
who are missing  Arrange for hospitalization
based on of seriously injured workers
conducted
headcount
 Composition of ERT
Communication
 Receives warning
information from
authoritative sources (ERT or
Zone Marshal)
 Announce the status of fire
and evacuation necessities
 Call with local emergency
respondents (BFP), medical
services or police assistance
Security Team
• Controls and maintain
the security of all
employees at
designated evacuation
site
• Ensures the availability
of vehicles when the
need for bringing
injured personnel to
hospital
What to do DURING an earthquake?

• Duck, Cover and Hold

DUCK !
• Protect your head under a
sturdy table
• Look out for falling object
• Safe spots
• Danger spots
• Open the door
• Turn-off anything that might
cause fire
1. "DO THE DUCK, COVER & HOLD" & WAIT UNTIL SHAKING CEASES
THE DROP – COVER – HOLD WITH EYES
OPEN

40
DROP-COVER-HOLD
2. EVACUATE YOUR AREA AND IMMEDIATELY PROCEED TO THE NEAREST
EXIT going TO ASSEMBLY AREA.

Evacuation signal will be thru sounding of Fire Alarm by Admin or Security

personnel. No more announcement thru Paging System.
Please find below policies during evacuation progress:
· arms covering the head and neck ( this is for possible falling
of debris in effect of the earthquake)
· fall in line into 2 lines or in pairs
· walk fast but do not run ( 2 steps in 1 sec.) with sense of
urgency
· walk continuously, do not stop to avoid stampede
· refrain from going to comfort room before evacuating
· no chitchatting and laughing
· no group walking
· no holding hands nor arm around shoulder's back ("alakbay")
· no texting
· evacuate seriously
 3. AT THE ASSEMBLY AREA, PIC's / SV / GL / LL conducts its own EMPLOYEES' HEADCOUNT.
Report any missing or injured personnel to Safety Officers or to Security personnel for rescue
and first aid treatment

4. CONDUCT BUILDING ASSESSMENT IF SAFE TO RE-ENTER.

Assessment to be conducted by Engineering Team (to report per building condition to Plant
Manager within 10-15 minutes then Plant Manager to relay result to Head Safety Officer using
two-way radio)

5. EMPLOYEES' RE-ENTRY TO THE BUILDING & RESUME WORK

To be declared by the Head Safety Officer thru two-way radio sending to each assembly
area posted guards. Posted guards to relay information to MIT/Manager/Safety Officer present
in the assembly area.
MIT/Manager/Safety Officer present in the assembly area to announce to the workers.
What to do in case of GAS LEAK

Evacuate the affected area.

Leave the area immediately and move to an
area where the odor, vapor or fumes is not
present.
Indoor – Evacuate Upwind
Outdoor – Move upwind away from the leak
 ERT RESPONSE

Wear Proper PPE Shutdown the nearest

Call Emergency
before dealing with isolation valve and
Hotline 113
Leak search the source of
Leak

Note: After repair, ensure that no more presence of the gas before resuming operation
TYPHOON /
FLOOD

The Philippines is located along the typhoon belt in the Pacific making it vulnerable to
typhoons
Average of 20 typhoons a year and seven (7) are destructive
TYPHOON RESPONSE PROCEDURE
TYPHOON RESPONSE
PROCEDURE
TYPHOON RESPONSE
PROCEDURE
ACCIDEN
T
ACCIDENT RESPONSE

 Inform immediate
superior
 Go to clinic
 Give first aid
 Report incident
 Maintain proper
records
 Cooperate with

investigation
 BOMB THREAT
Forms:
Solid: Black powder, TNT, –Comp
EXPLOSIVE CA,
massive Comp.
escape B
of Gas
Liquid: Nitroglycerine, Nitromethane
Gas: 2 vol. gas hydrogen, 1 vol. gas oxygen
Categories:
1. Low explosive – white smoke, with pushing or
heaving affect. Need to be confined in a
container. E.g. firearms
2. High Explosive – black smoke, with shattering
effect
What to do in case of Bomb Threat or
in case found a Bomb?

1. Secure the Area (enclose the scene and eliminate those

persons around then cordon the area)
2. Conduct Visual Inspection
3. DO NOT move anything
4. If suspicious, call the POLICE (EOD)
5. Be Alert of Secondary Device
6. Clear the zone of at least 300 ft. below and above, left and right – cordoning
the area c/o Police/BFP
7. Evaluate Carefully
8. Evacuate the Area
 LABOUR UNREST
 If ever said incident suddenly occurred, please
immediately inform the security.
 Security Officer In-charge must be immediately deploy
security personnel to said area to try to prevent
conflict or to pacify things.
 Must contain the area and prevent other persons in
going the said area to prevent them from being part of
casualties.
 Security Officer In-charge must notify the nearest
police station for assistance.
 If evacuation of other persons is needed based on the
situation or how large the scale of conflict
 Can you spot the
difference….

……from being Prepared or

Surprised?