ENERGY

GRADE 8 WEEK 3
LESSON OBJECTIVES
• Describe energy (mechanical,
potential and kinetic energy)
• Identify and explain the
factors that affect potential
and kinetic energy.
• Create a DIY podcast on
Newton’s Laws Application.
 ENERGY

• Energy is defined as the

“ability to do work, which is
the ability to exert a force
causing displacement of an
object.”
• Energy is just the force that
causes things to move.
 ENERGY
• mechanical energy: the
moving force behind
machinery
• chemical energy: derived
from anything that
undergoes chemical
reactions to provide us with
heat or sustenance, such as
wood, coal, oil, food, etc.
 ENERGY

• muscular energy: derived

from the chemical energy of
the food we eat
• thermal energy: converted
from heat, such as the steam
in a steam engine or heat of
exploding gases in a
combustion engine
 ENERGY

• light energy: some organisms,

mostly plants, derive their energy
from the sun in a process called
photosynthesis
• electrical energy: an electric
charge associated with power,
magnets, and electrical currents
• nuclear energy: energy released
by atoms and converted to heat,
then to electrical energy
 • The energy acquired by the objects
upon which work is done is known as
MECHANICAL mechanical energy
ENERGY • Energy that is possessed by an object
due to its motion or due to its
position.
 POTENTIAL ENERGY
MECHANICAL
ENERGY KINETIC ENERGY
POTENTIAL ENERGY
• The stored energy of
position possessed by an
object.
• Potential energy possessed
by an object due to its
position above the ground is
called gravitational
potential energy.
POTENTIAL ENERGY
• To get potential energy, use
the following formula:

PE (grav)=mgh
POTENTIAL ENERGY
PE (grav)=mgh • PE(grav)= amount of
gravitational potential
energy
• m= mass in kilogram (kg)
• g= acceleration due to
gravity
• h= height relative to the
reference point in meters
(m)
POTENTIAL ENERGY

Unit:
JOULE OR J
POTENTIAL ENERGY
Example:
A cart is loaded with a brick and
pulled at constant speed along an
inclined plane to the height of a seat-
top. If the mass of the loaded cart is
3.0 kg and the height of the seat top
is 0.45 meters, then what is the
potential energy of the loaded cart at
the height of the seat-top?
POTENTIAL ENERGY
Problem 1:

If a force of 14.7 N is used to drag the loaded cart (from

previous question) along the incline for a distance of
0.90 meters, then how much work is done on the loaded
cart?
POTENTIAL ENERGY
Problem 2:

A mass of 2Kg is taken from the ground to the height of

10m. Find the potential energy of the object.
POTENTIAL ENERGY
Problem 3:

A mass of 5Kg is taken from the ground to the height of

100m. Find the potential energy of the object.
POTENTIAL ENERGY
Problem 4:

A box has a mass of 5.8kg. The box is lifted from the

garage floor and placed on a shelf. If the box gains 145J
of Potential Energy (Ep), how high is the shelf?
POTENTIAL ENERGY
Problem 5:

A man climbs on to a wall that is 3.6m high and gains

2268J of potential energy. What is the mass of the man?
KINETIC ENERGY
• Energy of motion.
• An object that has motion -
whether it is vertical or
horizontal motion - has kinetic
energy.
• This type of energy is 1/2 of the
product of mass and the square
of the velocity of the moving
object.
KINETIC ENERGY
Kinetic energy= 1/2 mass x velocity^2

Since the unit of mass is in kg and

v is in m/s and squaring means it
becomes m^2/s^2 therefore, the
overall unit of KE is kg m^2/s^2
which is equivalent to N-m or
joule (J)
 KINETIC ENERGY
Example:

Determine the kinetic energy of a 625-kg roller coaster

car that is moving with a speed of 18.3 m/s.
 KINETIC ENERGY
Problem 1:

If the roller coaster car in the above problem were

moving with twice the speed, then what would be its
new kinetic energy?
 KINETIC ENERGY
Problem 2:

Missy Diwater, the former platform diver for the

Ringling Brother's Circus, had a kinetic energy of 12 000
J just prior to hitting the bucket of water. If Missy's mass
is 40 kg, then what is her speed?
 KINETIC ENERGY
Problem 3:

A 900-kg compact car moving at 60 mi/hr has

approximately 320 000 Joules of kinetic energy. Estimate
its new kinetic energy if it is moving at 30 mi/hr. (HINT:
use the kinetic energy equation as a "guide to thinking.")
 KINETIC ENERGY
Problem 4:

A tennis ball is traveling at 50 m/s and has a kinetic

energy of 75 J. Calculate the mass of the tennis ball.
 KINETIC ENERGY
Problem 5:

A cyclist and bike have a total mass of 100 kg and a

speed of 15 m/s. Calculate the kinetic energy.
CONSERVATION OF ENERGY

The law of conservation of energy states

that energy can neither be created nor
destroyed - only converted from one
form of energy to another.
THANK YOU