What Is a Mammalian Cell?

Histology

With Professor Geoffrey Meyer

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 Learning Objectives

At the end of this lecture you

• that cells can have a different

shape and size depending on their
functional roles.

• the range of dimensions of cells in

micrometers.

• cell nucleus, nucleolus and the

cell cytoplasm.

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 What Is a

A cell is the basic structural, functional and

reproductive unit of all multicellular organisms.

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 The Mammalian Cell

Our daily activities

• Protection • Elimination (of wastes)

• Ingestion • Movement

• Digestion • Communication

• Generate energy • Reproduction

• Absorption (of metabolites) • Death

There are prokaryotic (bacteria) and eukaryotic (includes human) cells.

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 Prokaryotic Cells (Prokaryotes) and Eukaryotic Cells (Eukaryotes)

Prokaryotes Eukaryotes

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 Prokaryotic Cells (Prokaryotes) and Eukaryotic Cells (Eukaryotes)

Prokaryotes Eukaryotes

• Single cell • More complex

• Cell membrane, wall and capsule • Chromosomes

• Single DNA molecule (nucleoid) or • Organelles

plasmids (cytoplasm)
• Divide by mitosis or meiosis
• Asexual reproduction (amitosis) (germ cells)

LadyofHats, Science
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haq , wwwizharulhaqizhar@gmail.com
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 Cell Structure

1. Protoplasm: cell nucleus and cytoplasm

2. Cell membrane 2.

3. Nucleus: nuclear envelope, nucleolus,

nucleoplasm and chromatin 3.

4. Cytoplasm: ectoplasm and endoplasm 1.

4.
• Endoplasm: organelles and cytoplasmic
inclusions and cytosol (hyaloplasm)

• Cytoskeleton: microtubules, intermediate

filaments and microfilaments

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 This Is Your Skin

© by Geoffrey Meyer, Histology, http://histology-online.com

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 Magnification and Resolution

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 Magnification and Resolution

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 Magnification and Resolution

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 Magnification and Resolution

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 This Is Your Skin

© by Geoffrey Meyer, -online.com

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 Cell Sizes

Small cells Medium size cells Large cells Largest cell

≤ 10 m 10 m 80 120 m 120 m

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 Small Cells

Diameter up to 10

• Erythrocyte (red blood cell)

© by Geoffrey Meyer, -online.com

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 Small Cells

What is a micrometer ( m)?

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 Small Cells

1 centimeter (cm) = 10 millimeters

1 millimeter (mm) = 1,000 micrometers

So:

1 centimeter (cm) = 10,000 micrometers ( m)

1 micrometer ( m) = 1,000 nanometers

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 An Erythrocyte (Red Blood Cell) Is Shaped Like a Biconcave Disk

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 Medium-Sized Cells

Diameter of 10 30 m

• Neutrophil and lymphocyte

(blood)

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 Large Cells

Diameter up to 80 120

• Purkinje cell (cerebellar cortex)

• Motor neuron/ventral horn cell

(spinal cord)

Diameter up to 100

• Megakaryocyte (bone marrow)

© by Geoffrey Meyer, -online.com

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 Large Cells

Diameter up to 80 120

• Purkinje cell (cerebellar cortex)

• Motor neuron/ventral horn cell

(spinal cord)

Diameter up to 100

• Megakaryocyte (bone marrow)

© by Geoffrey Meyer, -online.com

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 Large Cells

Diameter up to 80 120

• Purkinje cell (cerebellar cortex)

• Motor neuron/ventral horn cell

(spinal cord)

Diameter up to 100

• Megakaryocyte (bone marrow)

© by Geoffrey Meyer, -online.com

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 Many Large Neurons also Have Long Cell Processes

© by Geoffrey Meyer, -online.com

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 Can You Imagine the Size of a Motor Neuron in a Large Animal?

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 Largest Cell

Diameter of 120 150 m

• Human oocyte (egg)

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 The Largest Cell Is an Ostrich Egg

15 cm 1.4 kg

13 cm
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 The Mammalian Cell Cell Structures and Cell Sizes

© by Geoffrey Meyer, -online.com

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 This document is a property of: IZhar ul haq

Note: This document is copyright protected. It may not be copied, reproduced, used, or
distributed in any way without the written authorization of Lecturio GmbH.

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