DEP3013

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY AND DESIGN IN

COURSEWARE DEVELOPMENT

ASSIGNMENT:
Behaviorism Theory In Schools

NAME:
Mohamad Imran bin Mohamad Yusri

MATRIC NO:
D20211097801

GROUP: A

LECTURER NAME:
Dr. Erni Marlina binti Saari
Introduction
The psychological theory of behaviourism has had a big influence on classroom instruction and
student learning. The central idea of behaviourism is that people learn through their interactions
with their surroundings, and that learning can be aided by reinforcing or changing observable
behaviours.

Scenario Of Application
● Encouraging Reading in Elementary School

Objectives Of Application
● To encourage elementary school students to develop a habit of reading independently.

Simplified Applications In Classroom

● Teacher guides the class through a subject
● Students pay silent attention.
● The teacher assigns a task based on the data.
● Students finish the assignment and wait for comments.
● Following feedback, the teacher assigns the next assignment.
● The student is being conditioned to learn the material with every round of feedback.

Applying Behaviourism In Teaching And Learning In Schools

Here are several ways in which behaviourism is applied in teaching and learning in schools:
a) Clear Learning Objectives:
- Behaviourism places a strong emphasis on the significance of precisely stated and
quantifiable learning goals. Educators frequently establish behavioural goals that are
specific and describe measurable results. These goals give teachers and students a
clear focus and serve as a guide for instructional planning.

b) Operant Conditioning:
- A key idea in behaviourism is operant conditioning, which deals with using rewards
and penalties to modify behaviour. To promote desired behaviours, teachers employ
 positive reinforcements like praise, prizes, or privileges. On the other hand,
unfavourable reinforcements or penalties can be used to deter bad behaviour.

c) Repetition and Practice:

- According to behaviourism, practise and repetition make learning stronger. To assist
students in mastering skills and reinforcing knowledge, teachers use drills, exercises,
and repetitive activities. This method is frequently used in courses like language
acquisition and mathematics.
d) Behavioural Modification:
- Specific behaviours in the school environment are addressed through behaviour
modification techniques, which are derived from behaviourism. To change and
enhance student behaviour, teachers can identify target behaviours, carry out
interventions, and evaluate the success of those interventions.

e) Feedback and Assessment:

- Behaviourism emphasises how crucial feedback is to the process of learning.
Instructors give precise, timely feedback to help students improve their behaviour
and address mistakes. In order to gauge students' progress, assessment techniques
frequently concentrate on observable behaviours and results.

f) Environmental Control:
- In behaviourism, creating the ideal learning environment is essential. Teachers set up
the physical layout and arrangement of their classrooms to reduce outside noise and
create a conducive learning environment. It's also important to emphasise
consistency in expectations and routines.

g) Modelling:
- Behaviourism argues that imitation and observation are two ways in which learning
can happen. Instructors model desired behaviours, problem-solving techniques, or
academic abilities. Following that, students get the chance to watch, mimic, and
engage in these behaviours.

h) Positive Reinforcement:
 - A fundamental component of behaviourism in education is positive reinforcement.
Instructors encourage and recognise their students when they exhibit desired
behaviours by using positive reinforcement. This may help create a welcoming and
encouraging environment in the classroom.

i) Behaviour Contracts:
- Teachers occasionally employ behaviour contracts, in which students and teachers
work together to define expectations and specify acceptable behaviour as well as its
consequences. This method assists students in understanding expectations and
taking responsibility for their behaviour.

j) Response to Intervention (RTI):

- Response to Intervention (RTI) frameworks often incorporate behaviourist principles.
Instructors identify students who might require extra support, carry out
interventions, and track students' progress over time using data-driven
decision-making.

Conclusion
Even though behaviourism has had a big impact on educational practices, it's important to
understand that constructivism and cognitivism are just two examples of the other learning theories
that are incorporated into modern education. In order to meet the diverse needs of their students,
many educators take an eclectic approach, combining strategies from different theories.