Inside:

The Sikh
Wars
part 3

Battle of St
Neots

Operation
Leopard
1943

Ghippewa
part2
Cryers
Landing
(Acw)

wwtl
Naval Rules

Battle of
Aspindza
L770
 WSI
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MINIAIIURE
July 1996 WARGAMES
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EDITORIAL material, which should be
accompanied by return
Life is a succession of choices. Take painting for example. Like postage. Though every care is
most other wargamers I have trvo unpainted armies plus taken, the publisher cannot
numerous bits and pieces to finish off existing armies. Not to accept responsibility for safe
mention an increasing number of repair jobsi refixing lances, keeping of all editorial
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elephants, and the Late Romans couid do with six more archers
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sAs Prrard Pe 2 iqhrbontrr(4 75t
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connddd ....... ..... ..... .... ..... ..... a.ss
B.tr&ai6 G.fri6 r0r r!d.n qiodl . .... t2.95

rirotusr6.&r1e53rr0 .......... ... €5 95

lrs lnlady Srp$'r wa@ts Gi 40 F'

Miniature Wargam$ No. 158

 AUST
The year is 1805, and William Pitt the Younger of Great Britain has formed ihe Third . ,

Coalition, an alliance of Br-itain, Austria, Prussia and Russia - an alliance tloomeri to failure.
ln 1806 the might of Napoleon and Imperial Flance crushed -Austria and hel allies at the
battle of AusterliLz. Europe'was hid lvide o1>en fol corrquestlAusterliLz offels you the
chance to play the walgame of 1-our clreams. Comrnanti nlnr ies of over' 100 battalions in the

new battles that history never salvl A tactical wnrgame in grand seale rvith a clistinct
flavour, Austerlitz is the ultimate challenge, a thinking mans dream of conquest ancl worl
domination.

trnlr-lrnBs oF'r'l {}l G,A.IvrE lNcr-uon

An active
War.

fortr iir,.1 ..'

' '.. .,
.... a

i,,ti:r''
'':.:

Miniature Wargames July 1996

 ATTACK
96
6th & 7th JuIy 1996
The Corn Exchange Devizes
The time has arrived for DDWG's successful r{arsames
show 'ATTACK to be refreshed and overhauled by
toth AIrtNtvBsARy sH(ilI introducing some features that we have neglected.
We shall be using the whole of the Corn Exchange -
that's three whole floors.
We shall be holding more competitions :-
6th Edition Doubles (2200 points)
Final Round 15mm DBM Doubles League (500AP)
15mm Fire & Fury AC
Signal for Close Action Napoleonic Naval
Each competition has limited places available,
so book yours eady.
The main hall will be dedicated to participation games and
tladers, aimed at encouraging more interest for the general
public and those wargamers not involved in competitions.
For further information and entry details please contact i-
Steve Ottoway (Attack Organiser)
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SI'IIDAY AI,GUST4Th Phone 0L380 -728652

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Miniature Wargames No. 158

 WATERLOO CARD
BUILDINGS l5mm

A,0rut Hotgou'/nott, nafu lnn 4tutzmfull colour A5

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ltliniaturc Wargames July 1996

 WARFARE'96 KEEP
Rivermead Leisure Centre
Richfield Avenue, Reading
WARGAMING
We shall6e at the following .hox)s ln the hear futrrrel

16th-1 7th NOVEMBER 1996 22ndJune- FIASCO,Leeds

Royal Armouries, Thc Waterfront
Competitions to incluoe: 6tb,/?th July- Attack, Devizes
Corn Exchange
6th Ed. Chariot Warfa re 15mm 13tb./14t1 July - Southern Militaire, cosport
6th Ed. Feudal 15mm Fort Broekenhurst
2?tb./28th July - STAB, Boumemouth
6th Ed. Ancients 25mm Oakmead School
6th Ed. Medieval 25mm l0thAugust -
Charge, Wells
the Venue Club
7th Ed. Crusades 15mm New 1996 Ral Partha Catalogue Now available (at last!)
D.B.M. Ancients 15mm Lots of lrew Battlet€ch, Shsdowrun and Fanta6y Models,
FiErretj Mueun Miniatures; Figu6, Artutr, ArtilLry; MinifiSs; Ilal Paftha; Eehi.s
D.B.M. Dark Ages 15mm & R6; Raund.uar MiniatM; DkoB: Naisnith: SHq Mini'tim. etc.
Pl@tia Nitt: Mdt.hbor uehilles: Airfd: Reu. ; Fujini: E@ecaua.
D.B.M. Medieval 15mm Naod Air,Iodalai afriton, Noubar, Daw, Red EaZk.
2nd Ed. Renaissance 15mm Bdwi4gs &_Iemit The D.um; K & M't @s; Hoels; Moinu Milttart; Dmpq Mod.b
(tsna Napoleonic e buiAirys)
D.B.R. Renaissance 15mm B@h & Rul"s: wRG. Taolaop- N"dbuo; Osp.et tlen a! Arns: Etite: uoheuad &
( a\paiAa S-rics, Roid." M.O D., AN.hlu", A.,i& Sen i.e Pms. Manxin Puhliehnne
Seven Years War 15mm
Napoleonic 15mm ltiateos: War D.cutuentdries: W Featurc Filtu, etc.
C@lpuaer Rulas: EaIe Sofrudre: En9lish Codputer WdrEaM.
Napoleonic Naval NlhoLeir se €n a vide rang! of *arsa m ing equ' pmebt rr .s not po$rble for us [o .a rry
American Civil War elerramr€ rocwrybnos co resLs8est that. t alold disappo brment. J,ou conEcr u n
15mm ad\an* so that we en bnnaJTu orderio the.how. N.B.Ifwe sre at@ndrnca shov we
mav no1.be fully shLpd aL rhe siop please .ing Ls ro cnecl sp hafp Lh-e Isne! yoJ
19th Century Colonial 15mm "o
tf Jou c€tro, sdpDd i;hoq'*e ottir om orr ne most conpFnssive narlorde. seryicee
Entry Fee - C7.OO per Ptayer a^\ ailable. Fd tunher detaG pleesedd tr s.a.e Dr 2lRCl h Lne sddRs bFlow - ,[a! ng

To apply tor the competitions contact: Shop Open Thes-Sat (l0am.6pm)

lan Colby, 7 Field End, Btakes Road, Pauf & Teresa Bailev
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NEW! NEW! NEW!

COMPUTER MODERATED WARGAMES
VERSION 3.NAUAL & LAND!
Our games now include a Naval module & Fofis. As well as the
Tactical, Campaigl and Solo modules you can now fight Naval, MACCABEANJEWS and
Land or combitred aclions in your favorile periodst -
*IMPE RIAL SPLENDOUR ( tsrh Cavalry
Cenr aolonjat) JC1 General. wavino sword
lTIp_qREAT POIryERS (Euope lgth Cetrrury) J92 Older Mi].. scaie cuirass. greaves. iance. he,met, shield
*RALLY oNcE MoRE (Acwi JC3 Younqer llen, tunrc. thrusllno iavetrn
*IRON DUKE (Napoleonics) JC4 Youn6er Men, tunic, javeltns-'
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*THE GREAT CAPIAINS (18th Cenruryl HH6 Horse. rotting. fumitlire wih phatarae
*THE GLINFOWDER REVOLUTION HH7 Horse.lrotling.Inngedsadctl€cloth
*TO ME! tDark Age and Mediaeval)
Gennaissaince) HH8 Hors€. runnino, bare back€d
lnfsntrv
*MACEDON, ROME & HELLAS (650 BC_600AD) JFt - Offrcer, mair tunic, greaves, swoid dr.*n, helmet, oval shtelcl
*SKULL CLEAVER (Fanrasy-Lord ofrhe Rings JF? Fool ol Phalani(, tunic. thrusling tong spear. javetin. oval
} shield
Forgel the rule hassles, let the compuier handle thl complex ruler JF3 Fool of Phalanx, tunrc, ,onq spear, |avetrn. ovat shield
and book keeping, you concentrate on tactics. Our systems simulate JF4 Standard Bearer. armv standaro
for you, JFs Standard Bea@r, unit'slandard
JF6 Trumpeter
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b€arded
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Miniature Wargam€s No. 158

T,bt TButtLt
sf,I/;fficoln
2nd February 1l4l
by Anthtony Mitchell

t)I s Henry lst, King of England. lay dying in Rouen, Normandy, on

\41 December lst. ll?5. he would have been well aware that his
a!,+only legitimate male heir, william, had perished in the disaster
of the'white Ship', some fifteen years before. in a move unprecedented
in England since before the conquest, Henryhad nominated his daugh-
ter, the Empress Matjlda, wife of Geoffrey Count of Aniou, as his suc-
cessor Henry, realising that Matilda would be an u n popu lar successor,
made the Anglo Norman barons' swear an oath of allegiance to her in
I126- However, in spite of the oath, on hearing of Henry's death, his
nephew Stephen of Blois crossed to England, and in a well planned
operation was'elected' King by the citizens of London, and crowned
on December 22nd- Despite there being some question overStephen's
legitimary as King, he did well at first, and by April | 136 almost allthe
Anglo Norman barons' had accepted him as King. Stephen then made
many political mistakes, alienating many ofthe barons, and when the
Empress Matilda landed jn September I139 to claim the throne, she
provided a rallying point for discontented elements. An armed party
quickly formed in her support, headed by her half brother Robert Earl
ofCloucester From that point on, a civilwar overwho would wearthe
crown broke out.
Sometime during I I40, the exact date is unknown, Ranulf Earl of
Chesterand his half brother William de Roumarc, seized the royat cas-
tle at Lincoln, by trickery, and with it control over the city of Lincoln.
Lincoln at this time was one of the biggest cities in England, having a
thriving port. Ranulf Ead ofChesterwas not a memberofthe Empaess's
party atthis time, but Stephen had alienated him bygrantingthe lord-
ships' of carlisle and Cumberland to prince Henry of Saotland, in a
treaty signed in I I ?9. These lordships' had been lost to the crown by
Ranuif's father in I | 20. Ranulf had desperately hoped to regain them.
The treaty had destroyed this hope. t tein I140 stephenwentto Ljn-
coln, and negotiated with the brothec, conferring favours on them in
the hope of retai n ing their allegiance. He then retumed to London tor
Christmas.
During christmas, Stephen received a message from the citizens of
Lincoln complaining of mistreatment at the hands of Ranulf, and in'
forming him that Ranulf was off his guard.
Stephen, displaying the speed forwhich he was
Robett Earl ol Gloucastel
famous, quickly raised an army and travelled to
Lincoln, aniving before ft,relfth Night, 6th Janu-
Ranuq Ea ol Cftester
ary I I4l. Witi the co.operution ofthe townsmen,
2nd February 1141 stephen entered Lincoln unopposed, havingsu?
0, pdsed the garrison. Earl Ranulf fled the city as
Possible
Stephen commenced a siege of the castle. Cata-
pults and other siege engines werc constructed
and the castle bombarded.
Ranulfwent to his lordship of Chester He then
sent a message to RobertEad ofGloucester, who
was in the city of Gloucestet promising to ioin
the party of the Empress if Robeft would raise
troops and come to his aid at Lincoln. Robert
quickly raised an army and set off for Lincoln-
Ranulf meanwhile had raised his followers' in
cheshire and had hired welsh metcenaries. He
then set out for Lincoln. on route for Lincoln, the
forces of the two Ea.ls' joined up, possibly at
claybrook in l€icestershire, wherethe Foss way
and Wading Street qoss one anothet At this point
the Earl of clouc€ster assumed ovelall command
of the army.
By I st February, the Earl of Glouceste/s army
NewQftQatt had reached the Lincoln area.Thearmy had been
assernbled remarkably quickly, with a hiei de-
or\'ttittitliLj ,;ltittlt,,rr- gree of co-ordjnation between the two earls. lt
had taken less than forty days to assemble, and
both contrngents had covered over 100 miles in
the middle of a very wet winrer, in a time when

Miniature Wargames July 1996

 II'IEDIEVAL
''-I he Disitthefited" advance aga,ifist "'I he F he Earls" . lsmnt figures ftom the Editor's .ollectio . PhotogruphA bg Ri.hard Ellis
!here were no good roads. NeitherStephen, nor
any contemporary commander would have ex-
pected an artempt to be made to lift the siege ar
that time of yea.
On 2nd February, the Earl of clouceste/s army
advanced on lhe ciiy of Lincoln from the south,
crossing a watery obstacle in the process. This is
variou.lv de., ribed by he( hroni.lers"s a ti\er,
'a ford' and a marsh . The mediaeval ciry ot Lin
coln standson a large hill, which rises up abruptly
out ofthe flat plain to the south of the city, and is
dominated by the cathedralat its summit. To the
noih or'he . it\. beh.nd ll.e ("tnedrdl, ts a 'lal
plateau. At the base of the hill, to the south of
the city and iust outside the city walls, is the
Brayford pool. lnto this from lhe north west flows
the Foss Dyke navigation, a man made river, be-
lieved to be of Roman origin. From the south of
the city, !he river Witham flows into the Brayford
pool and thus conver€es wjth the Foss Dyke Navi,
gation. The Witham then flows east from the
Bra![o d oool, eveltuall! red(hing rhe sea at
Boston The Ead of Cloucester's army must have
crossed either the Foss Dyke Navigalion, the
B a\fofd pool or rl^e U rhdm, ro redch rhe ity
The [os< D]ke \a\ig"tion ro rhe we(t of tre cirl
$ould appear to be the most likely crossing place
ofrhe three. Having crossed this obstacle, the Earl
ofCloucester's army arrived outside the city walls.
Stephen lvas surprised by the arrivalofthe Earl
ofCloucester's army, but he resolved to give bat,
tle. As Slephen heard Mass if the cathedral. i!
being a Sundav and the feast olthe Purification,
he hdrded d cand-e ro Bishop Aie^ander as a ter had given the division composed of'The Dis-
roval offering. As he did so, the candle broke. This
was seen as an evil omen by all who witnessed
it a sign of the King s impending fall from power
The two armies deployed outside thecit_vwalls
for \rvhat was to be a set piece battle. The battle
accordingto local tradirion, was fought on the flat
ground to the north of the city The Earl ol
Gloucestefs army deployed in three main divi-
sions The first composed of The Disinherited
Men They were nobles who had lost lands due
to Stephen s policies, and who thus had every-
thing to gain from victory and nothin€ to lose il
defeated Their leader is not named Behind
lhe.n was !he division ofthe Earlof Chester, and
n rhe redr \.\ as -he Larl of Clou.esrer g div s on
On the flank ofthe army were deployed the U/elsh
mercenaries, said to have been led by a sion. and routed in turn All the royal horse had
Cadwalader, and Mareddud.
Stephen s army also deployed in!o three divi'
sions. At the rear, Stephen himself commanded
a Iarge division of infantry. This was composed
of his personal followers, dismounted men at
arms and some of the rnen of Lincoln. To
Stephen s front were deployed two much smaller
rnounred Dr\"c o'rs Ore w"s commdnded b)
william of Ypres, Stephen s mercenary captain
who was to fight for him throughout the civil tvar
The second $,?s composed offivegreat earls, and
lheir persoral retir Jes ll js unclear $ho wa< in
overall command of this division
The battle commenced. The Earl of Glouces-
inherited men the honour of striking lhe lirst
blow. The Disinherited Men advanced, and
.haleed In o lhe di! (ion of Thp Five Fa.ls The
chronicler, Henry oI Huntingdon, described "the
trampling ofhorses, making the €round to quake',
so The Disinherited Men'were clearly mounted.
The division of 'The Five EarLs disintegrated
upon contact and lvas totally routed. The chroni-
cle15 suggest thatthere lvastreachery in the ranks
of The Five Earls , and that many ofthem had no
intention of fi€hting.
Next, the division led by william of Ypres
char€ed into the Welsh mercenaries, who were
advancing on the flank of the Earl ofcloucester's
army and routed them. William ofYpres division
was then charged by the Earl of Chesters divi-
fled, leaving only Stephen s division, which was
quickly surounded by the three divisions of the
enemy. A desperate melee then ensured.
Stephen fought with great bravery rvielding a
hea\ry battle axe, a gift from a citizen of Lincoln.
He struck down a number of men with the axe
u^til ' al Len4lh it vas shattered bA repeated blovrs. *
L
Srephen then fought on with his sword, untilthat
also broke. He was then struck down by a stone
and captured by William de Cahaignes, a vassal
of rhe Earl of Cloucester Soon after Stephens
capture, the rest of his division who were of no-
ble blood, surrendered Many oI the common
Miniature Wargames No. 158
Foregtornd &trlghts 69'tabletop liiniatures, Foklon Fig res palnted 6V BLrry HiII.
'ackgrouttd
folk, includingthe men of Lincoln were slain. The Howevei in vjew of their poor performance on ry's Crusades range contains figtlres that could be
city ol Lincoln was then plundered bythe Earlof the dav of the battle, I feel that their morale used. Minifrgsagajn make a €ngeotsuitable figures.
cloucesters army, v,/ith the houses and chu rches should be reduced in class dramatically, particu- 'l Henry of Huntingdon, see sources.
being burned- larly that of The Five Earls', whose ranks con-
Stephen was taken to Gloucester afterthe bat- tained trajtors to Stephen's cause- William of Sources Consulted
tleand imprisoned in the castle- Itappearedthat Ypres's subsequently good military perform- The chronicle Sources
the Empresss party and won the waa Howevet ances, particularly at the 'Rout of Wjnchester', The Deeds of Staphe lcesta Stephani)
allthat was to change when the Ear[ ofGlouces- suggest that his flight from the battle field was By an unknown author living in the Bath area.
te. was defeated and captured at the 'Rout of not motivated by treachery, so I feel that the Tfanslation availableby K R Potterin Nelson's
Winchester'on l4th September I l4l. The Earl of morale class rcduction ofhis division should not Medieval Tests (London, 1955)
Gloucester and Stephen were exchanged on lst be as g.eat as that ol 'The Five Earls'. Stephen Hlttoria Anglorutn, booh. I
November I l4l, and the civil war continued. and his dismounted division fought well, as did By Henry of Huntingdon. Henry was a canon et
the divisions ofthe Earls of chesterand Glouces- Lincoln cathedral, and as such, it is possible that
Wargaming the Battle. ter, so there should be little to choose between he was a witness to the battle. His account is by
Whilst the chronicle sou.ce gives no indication them in terms ofmorale class- The welsh merce- far the most detailed and inlormative of the
of the number oftroops deployed by eitherside naries do not seem to have been very effective, chrcnicle sources,
in the battle, Henry of Huntingdon, v,/hose ac- so their morale class should be low D or E, in Translation available byThomas Amold in the
count ol the baLtle is the most detailed, suggesls most sets of rules. Rolls Series {London, 1879)
that both sides had about the same number of The terrain ove. which the battle is believed
mounted troops but that stephen had a slightly to have been fought, is lar€e flat and tenain fea- Secondary Sources
larger number ol infantry. tures appear to have played no part in its out- T he Foxndations of Efiqland vol 2
To recreate the battle realistically the morale come. The battle took place within sight of the By Sir lames H Ramsay (t ndon 18981. Detailedgen'
of both sides needs careful consideration. 'The cjtvwalls, and these could be represented at the eral history of the rei€n with an account ofthe battle.
Disinherited Men'were mounted Knights ancl rearofstephen's army if desired. King Stephe
Nobles, their morale would thug be A or B class, There are many suitable sets ofrules available By R H c Davis. Published by Longmans 1967-
under most sets of rules. They seem to have to refight the battler Lance by Tabletop Games, This is a good account of the politica! causes
fought with great ferocity and there could there- Wargames Research Croup's,6th and 7th edition of the civit war
fore be some iustification for classing them as Ancients, DBMand DBA and NewburyRules, Fast waidre i Feudal Eruole
Ianatics. The mounted knights and nobles in Play, Da.k Ages and Medieval. By lohn Beller Published by Cornell University
stephen sarmy, The Five Larls . and the division suitable figures are widely available in l5mm, Press (London 19721
commanded by William ofYpres would noimally Donnington Miniatutes make a large range of I2th This gives a good description of the nature of
be of the same morale class as their opponents. century figures, as do Minifigs. In 25mm Old Glo- military activities and practices during the civil wat

Miniature Wargames July 1996

 RECONNAISSANCE REPORT
Leicester Wargames Society
Their new venue will apply hom 7th May, 1996:
From that date the club will meet on Tuesdays
between 19.00 hrs and 23.00 hrs at:
The Wigston Liberal Club, Bull Head Streer,
Wigston, Leicester
The club will srill meet on the first and third
Sunday of each month from I 1.00 hrs at:
The Country Arms Public House, Little Clen
Road, Clen Parva, Leicester
Battlefield Appeal
I write in my other role as trustee of the Battle-
fields Trust . Battles are the basis for our shared
intercst;the men who loughtthere, theweapons
they used and the battlefields they foughr ove.
The Battlefields Trust, has announced an appeal
to fund the purchase oftheir first batrlefield. The
Battle of L,angport in I 64 5 saw the second defeat
of the Royalists under Lord Coring by the New
Model Army commanded by Fairfax. In a well-
executed action, the Parliamentarian army forced
their way across a ford, destrcying first the Roy-
alist artillery by counter-battery fire, then .out-
ing the Royalist cavalry, charging them front and
flank, following which their infantry broke and
fled- The modern field ties on the edge of the
village astride the Langport-Somerton road and
one ofthe cunentowners has agreed tosellabout
two acres to the Trust. Part ofthis land will, sub-
iect to planning permjssion, be made over to a
car park and si€ns to explain the site to vlsttors.
The boundaries ofthe battlelield have been de-
fined in the recent English Herirage Register of
Battlefields, but, it is otherwise unprotected.
U n like other countries where battlefields are pre-
served for posterity and as tourist attractions, this
will be the first such occasion in the UK_ Now all
we need is the money to make this first step and
I hopeyou will be ableto help. Donationsoiover
t5.00 will receive a certificate, rhose over€100.00
will be recorded on a plaque on the battlefield.
Contributions can be forwarded to The Battle-
fields Trust, do tain Dickie, 34 Chatsworth Road,
Bournemouth, BH8 8SW.
Society of Sixth
At the Dorbles competition in Weymouth back
in May it was decided to form a Society of Sixth
Edition WRC an€ient players. The aim is to ex-
change news, views and generally promote in-
tercst in playing this set ofrules forgrown-ups. A
newsletter is planned but most ol all it is FREE,
just send a stamped addressed envelope to
Martin Fife, The Old Farmhouse, Ray Farm,
Thame Road, Longwjck, Princes Riseborough,
Bucks HP27 9QU.
Southampton Move
Southampton Waa€ames Association have moved
to biggerand better premises in Sarisbury creen.
They still meet on a Thursday evening and now
have plenty of room to welcome new members.
Formore detajls, please ring CerryWillsmore,
ol70) 6ttt67.
Brighton Move
Brighton Wargame's Club now meet regularly at
London Road Train Stn.
A variety of periods are played and they are
currently runnin€ a peninsular campaign which
new members are welcome to join in.
For further inlormation, please contact Shaun
Duncan on 01273 588294.
Rorrrritino
Great Yarmouth, Cood Old Boys wa.games Club:
All periods and specialities cate.ed lor Exten-
sive ranCe o[ c]ub scenery, terrain and armies
available. Come and ioin in the friendly atmos-
phere.Barand facilities. Ladiesequallywelcome.
Meets at CreatYarmouth Labo'rt Club, every Fri-
day 7.00pm to I l.00pm. Also some Sunday
games. For further details please contact either
Cary Lyon:01493 - 664917 or Paul Hooper:01493
744474.
Club Merger
Two clubs serving the Kidderminster area, Wyre
Forest Wargames Club and Came PlayercAnony-
mous, have recently merged together as Wyre
Forest Game Players. We meet every Sunday
from loam ro 7pm at St lohn s Middle School,
Kidderminster New members are welcome to
participate in all types ofwargames, role playing
and Magic.
For further details contact Nick Doffell, Flat 3,
2 Castle Rd, Kidderminster, WORCS, DYI I 6T5
or telephone Darren on 01562 820693.
Show in the Snow
Penarth E Dlstilct Wargamers would like to
announce that d!e to the success ofour annual
show CRUSADE 96 "The Show in the Snow , we
willagain be holding a showon the 2'th lanuary
1997 at the Leisure Centre, Penanh. This years'
show was an outstanding success, no thanks to
the BBC, ITV and the A"4, who gol rhe weatherall
wrong. They claimed that South Wales was cov-
ered with 2-3ft of snow. What they omitted was
the Cardiff area and anlrr'here south of the M4
onlyhad 2-3 inchesand allmain roads, including
the M4, were open. We would like to thank all of
the traders that attended (well over thirtyl and
the t\yo that ranC on Friday to say that due to the
weather lhey would be unable to attend. Also a
big thanks to the Clubs who put on some excel-
lent games, members ofthe public, without who
the show would not be worth doing, and finally
wizards of the Coast who sponsored our Magic
Tournament.
OurClub meets twice a week every week. Club
nights and times are as follows: Tuesdays at
Clyndwr Community Centre, Clyndwr Rd,
Penarth. Cardilf7.00pm until | 2-00am and Thurs-
day nights, Taffu wells Village Hall, Taffs Wells
(just off lunction 32 of the M4), 6.30pm until
l2-00am. Everyone welcome to come along and
participate, wecoverallaspectsof thehobbyand
are always looking for new games and gamers.
we are also looking for otherclubs for inter-club
games and competitions. For more information
Rlng Rlchard Wllis on O1222-79923a.
Royal Armouries 0pen
The new museum's building is some six times the
size of lhe Royal A.mouries first home in the
White Tower of the Tower of London, while its
l3-acre g.ounds have transfo.med a derelictijn-
dustrial site into an exciting waterside location-
The Rolal Armouries \4uceum. Leeds is part
of the Royal Armouries development strategy,
which embraces its extensive Tower collections
and its artillery collection, now displayed in the
Napoleonic Fort.ess of Fort Nelson near port-
smouth.
The Leeds site includes stunning collections
of Medieval armour, plus fascinatingexamples of
fai earlier weapons, samples from the periods
and a wargamers table for demonstratin€ tactics.
Diary Miniature Wargames
?znd l(8 FIASCO, Royal Amou.ies Museun Leeds Wargames,
demonst.aiion and pani.ipation eames, trade stands. Contact
John D. Smilh. Tel 01ll2791974
2O-2t luie omqot Con 96. westin Peacht€€ Plaa Hotel, Atlanta
Hilton and Toqers, Adanra, C&rgia, USA. Caming, RPG, Star
cuests cantacrPo aox 47696. Atlanta cA 101624696 usA
29/10lrtr, O-Cotr lll Ou€en's UniveBity Belfast WWllCompe*
tions Contact DavidTallo. l6 Mardont Park. Belfast. AT4 zCR
29BA lun. Militarq Habbhs Erhiblior Pariamarta Tovn Hall, Syd-
net Alstralia Pafticipation sames,larse scale modelling staric
displals te-enactment grcups. Contact Ray Conpton 02 477 6696
3athtune, Ranpaq Frenford Youth Chb High R@d,lllo'd Esser.
l0 00am.t.00pm. Bringa.d buy. demonsvarion and panicipation
games, hade stands conta.tstephenOliver0l8l toa la06
t-7 l!/4, COw 96. Knutson Hall, Rushden. Northampto.shire
Cames wo.khops pra.tical sessions Contad Bob Corde.y,
COVr'q6,84 Eglinton Hill shooteG Hill, London SEl8IDY
6 Jrl4,Tr? BLlNKER Opr{ Dr!, Swinegate Couft, Swinegare, york.
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ll JaU, NOW 96 NoNich
1)it4lul4, a.ut^4n Milikne, Fort Brockhurst, cosport, .r Pofi-
smouth contact the LoneShor 0t20?411956
tJt | 4 luls'to'rh. F.edaubt 96. the Redoubt, Eastbourne !ydrtsd es
demons$ation and participatiDn eames l0th annive6ary show
conta.t Mark Knight 0l?3.894276.
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Levs Road lincoln LNI IDR
3d Auqusl, claqnaft Edinbtryh
toth Auqtst Chag.The Venue club w€lls, Some6et Oen-
onstration and panicipation ganes, re.enacrment grcups, trade
srands. conracr Pwiceins 01454 8lt 520
t7 Auqutl,rh. Othe, Panizd, 96 Xelham Hall, n. Newa* Notts.
l0 coam - a 00p6. As last year Contact Laurcnc€ B3ldwin, Ol It
t7 tt4u5t lrgtand'u oo E$o! h( orrunrh College Oyps/Ldne,
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Contact, D McNeil,01172 312 l12
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{"'Cfle< coTpeLitior<, .le-or n rdrion Bame\ displays par1.
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panicipationgafres tradestands ContactPaul BroadhuFt0t2l
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6th ottobtt A,swnhq Ih. aall, The Toqer of London Edu@rion
Centre Europe House, The world Trade Cenfie, London EcaN
4AB Baitlelield5 Trust Study Day on WwI ContacrAlistair Bantock
DATE CHANGE
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1617 N0|.m6.r Wdrfa/e 96. " Rivemead Leisure Centre, Read,
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Miniature Wargames No. 158
 THE NErfl TIODEL Sr,I.DIET SH0,P

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Miniature Wargames Jlly 1996

 RENAISSANCE
The Battle of St Neots,
1648
'A great Victory obtained by Colonell Scroope'
by Dan Mersey
Lead up to the battle
On Sunday 9th luly, 1648, a parry ofaround three
hundred Royalist horse rode bedraggled into St
Neots, Huntingdonshire (now Cambridgeshire).
They were under the command of the Duke of
Buckingham, with the Earls of Peterborou€h and
Holland also present. This small force were fu€i-
tives from the Parliamentarian victory at Kin€-
sron. and were riding nonh to Lincolnshire, in dn
attempt to find support.
Lieutenant ColonelScroop had setout in pur-
suit with seven trcops of Parliamentarian horse,
so that if Buckingham did stop, he night fall upotl
lr€ft . Indeed the exlausted Royalists did stop
in St Neots, intending to stay the night; most of
the men then proceeded to drinkthroughoutthe
night, into the early hours.
Scroops men advanced on thetown,which had
no pickets set out - only Ouafiermaster Ceneral
Dolbier (an esteemed Royalist officer) kept watch
that night.
As morning (and no doubt Royalist han€-
oversl) set in, Scroop attacked 'ilsf d litt,e ,efole
sr.rr-nii,Ig , taking the RoyaList force almost com-
pletely unawa.es.
The wargame
The dia€ram gives us the suggested set up for
the battle; the brjdge is the only c.ossing point,
and should be only one element frontage wide.
The bridge remained standing in St Neots until
the 1960s, and a pparently bullet holes could still
be seen, su€gesting that the fighting probably
took ptace on the bridge and the adjacent mar.
ket square. In 1645, a drawbridge was added to
the bridge, but as this does not seem to have
featured in the battle, I have chosen not to in-
clude it.
The area to the south of the bridge has many
small strcams running through it today, aod I have
chosen to portray this as marshy ground; adia-
centto the bridge at jt's north side is a small pond
and small wooded area. Hen Brook is a stream,
and can form the southern edge ofthe table.
The five inns mentioned below are shown on
25mm Wrgames Fortulry Rolalists allempt to Wet)ekl
the Parlianentaians crossikg the bidge.'frces bA
Models. Photoqrqph ba Richard Ellis.
KeM
the diagram as matched. The key to the diagram
is as follows: L Market Square 2- cattle Market
?. St Marys Church
Royalist fo.ces: Dolbier and 20 men picketed
around bridge (either endl
60 men assemble at lnn A
60 men assemble at lnn B
Holland and 60 men assemble at lnn c
Buckingham and 60 men assemble at Inn D
Peterborough and 60 men assemble at Inn E
Buckingham is said to h ave had a'bettar facultA'
at speeches'tra, Ite syord, and he, Holland and
Peterbotough should be classed as poor lead-
ers. Dolbier can be classed as good-
To represent the surprise attack by Scroop, I
suggestthefollowingmechanismtosimulatethe
Royalist rush to arms: each ofthe 60 man troops
is stationed at an inn (but not placed upon the
tablel, and at the beginning ofeach oftheirtums,
the Royalists must roll a six sided dice to see if
they are fully mustered yet. On the rcll of a six,
the force is placed, formed and fully mounted
Miniature Wargames No. 158
 RENAISSANCE

'la Huktingda

St Neots.

*.JNr'r-l i.:-i
r
To
I
\t/
E
l.
\l'
\t/ li
\l/

\r/
lil\
ti
ll
lL
\\
rq.r D
I
t)
'u rl?
- tt
lL
iL\l
-\
./, Hek Brcok
-1.!i- ,r, l\ DSM 95

!- ,p .r, \ \{
.t-v.-
)!- -!1-

outside the inn and may take pan in the €ame
henceforth; the roll of a five allows the force to
be placed as above but only on foot lmountin€
up can then either take place as specified in
your rules, or on the roli of a six as above). If
any formed Parliamentarian unit contacts the
inn before a five orsix js rolled, then the troop
within is captured.
The aim of the Royalist forces is to ride ofJthe
north edge of the table, towards Huntingdon.
Parliamentarian forcesr scroop and 80 men
Six further troops of 70 men
Scroop should be classed as a good commander
The Parliamentarian forces enler along the
west edge ofthe table lfrom the direction of Bed-
aIe cuperior n
lord, De.pire lhe fa(r that the)
numbers, they have the obstacle of the bridge
to crossi speed is of the essence, so I suggest
thatallthe fofces are all mounted - Scroops men
apparently used a Foiort! Hope but I beliele that
this may have described his fofdr'ard body of
Horse.
The aim ofthe parliamenrarian lorces is lo cap_
lure or destroy as much of the Royalist force as
possible, and to pursLre any who escape.
0utcome of the Battle
As Scroops men ad\.anced there aame an dlarum
to the Royalists, who mustered hastily into three
bodies. Buckingham was quickly up and dressed,
whereas the Eali of Hoiland took Mare Deliberalior ta
Scroop s Folo/fl Hop. (see above) quickly oveF
came the assembled Royalists, kiltin€ Dolbier
and twelve or forty men (depending upon whjch
account you readJ. Buckingham escaped north
with either sixty or two hundred men (again de-
pending upon accounts), pursued by Scroop
Holland barricaded himselfinto the cross Keys
lnn and was captured, along with around one
hundred other Royalists in the town; he was still
rct quite essed . Peterborough is not mefltioned
in the accounts, so I believe that he may have
rode away very quickly indeedl
The prisoners were held in St Mary's church
St Neots, where the €uards amused themselves
by shootin€ into the church roof. scroop contin-
ued his pursuit, and wrote a letter detailing his
battle at St Neots, from which the title and quo-
tations in this article are taken.

Specialist Club

The Pike & Shot Society

Steve Ede-Borrett,
29 Queen's Drive, Waltham Cross,
Hertfordshire, EN8 7PR

Miniature Wargames July 1996

 Iide

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Miniature Wargames No. 158

 SOUTHERN 2Onn Vandrad
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 PACI(AGE DEATS FROM MINIATURE WARGAMES
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Miniature Wargamos No. 158

The Runes of Loki
I am, ofcourse, much envied because of my unri-
valled positjon as a Wargames commentator -
only the other day, at a little local convention, I
over-heard two stalwart readets of Miniature
wargames say that I was a "a bit of a cult", or at
lest, that's what I think they said (only I've been
having a bit of trouble with ear wax lately). Be_
cause of my exalted position, Iam hequently in-
vited to attend all manner of wargaming events.
Many of these are well-known and well-publi-
cised affairs, *hich everyone who is anyone in
wargaming has to be seen to go to, such as the
Harrowgate lntemational Miltary Toy and Cames
Fair But, as the old year waxes and wanes, and
the new year prepares to clean outthe glove com-
partment and try outthe drivingseat fot legrcom,
I thought I might apprise my disceming reader
shiD of a ferp of the lesser krown, and indeed,
some mightsay, "Altemative" events thatmaybe
of interest to wargamers over the next welve
months.
JANUARY
field nearSlough, Berks, MUDDE FAIR
78th. in a NOVEMBER
- Ann ualget-together ofThe society of Medieval
Peasantry Plenty of fun and laughs fot all the
famiy; mud eating; guess the numbet of the bu-
boes competition; mud sculpturei finals of the
All England slap the rat competition; Mu.l and
its'Dlace in warfare (lecture); Eye of Newt (cook-
ery display)i mud poltice demonstration.
FEBRUARY
l8/l9th, Milton Keynes,IT'S A COCK.UP. Another
(hance to enioy the hospitality of the Asgocia-
tion lor the Clorification of Ambrose Burnside.
Displays includeAmhem, and the entire Vietnam
War, and this year a spectaculal re-enactment of
the charge of the Light Brigade, by the Halifot
Building Society Pony Trekldng club. As a spe-
cial feature, and in keeping with the mounted
theme, there will be a new award, of the ,ames
Hewitt Memorial Trophy, for incompetant cavalry
officers,
25l?6th Yorkshire Dales, FLANK MARCH - wo
days of forced marching under the command of
Teddy 'The Calloping" Maior Tulkinghome and
the lads from the Thetford Sacred Band. A rough,
tough butch weekend; plenty of fun around tie
old camp fire; bdng your own waterproof mas'
cara.
MARCH
I l/l2th. MIXED DoUBLES, chelmsford This6th
- ingfunny hats, and a fewrenegade British maga-
Edition Ancients competition has always been
closely fought, usually amongst the patnerships
(when one team memberwakes the other with a
brilliant tactical ploy at 3.00am, and the other
team member breaks a nail trying to get a
mounted general with personal standard out of
Miniature Wargames July 1996
the tool-boxi. Th is year, thecompetition is spon-
sored by Relate, and teams are playing for the
prestigious Cartland Happy Ever-After Chatlenge
Cup. The cup is due to be presented by which-
ever member ofthe Royalfamily is stillrnanied
at the time.
APRIL
8,/9th, University of Wisconsi.r, FRIENDLY FIRE -
A new concept in wargaming competilions. Aclev-
erly worked out set ofiules result in the declared
winner bejng the one who manages not only to
kill more ofhis allies, but also successfully fudge
the issue at the subsequent coun o[ enquiry.
MAY
l3lt4th, Little Tipping, TEAM ENDURANcE
CHALLENGE - This is the Le Mans of the
wargaming calendar, a 48 hour marathon session'
wargaming through the ages. Favourites to win
this year are the Insomnia Twins, seeking rcvenge
for their su rprise deleat last year at the hands ol
two nofthem chemists, who played Morrissey's
great hit on a portable tape deck, throughoutthe
entire comDetition.
JUNE
l0/l lth, Euro-Disney, France, WAII DISNEY HIS-
TORICAL APPRECIATION SOCIETY - A lovely op-
portunity for people to dress up in really pretty
costums, hit each other with rubber swords and
smile a lot.
l0/l lth, Streatham L,eisure Centre, LUCRETIA
BORGIA APPRECIATION SOC]ETY - A fuN PACKEd
weekend in honou. of a much maligned woman'
who was awondefulwife and mother, and a briL-
Iiadt and creative cook. Evening barbeque
JULY
| 5/l6th, Oxford, THE COMPLETE NARNIAWEEK-
END - Role-playing weekend for those in the
knowabout Malshwiggles and talking Field Mice
You don't have to be a complete Namia to take
part, but it helps.
AUGUST
5/6th Dordogne, France, cE N EsT PAS LE
GUERRE - Drinkyourway around labelle France
in the company of a lot of French dentists wear'
zine editors with a penchant for sandals.
SEPTEMBER
2/oth, Riddle and Newtley BAfiLE TOUR - A fas-
cinating week long tour of some oI the lesser
known sites of conhontation during the English
Civil War. Includes visits to, The Stout and Eye-
class, Little Tipping - scene of the Battle of
lenkins Last Ordet;The NelsonArm Public House
(formerlyThe Pig and Rhubarbl, Bjshops Tippjng
- scene of the wrong change lncidenti and The
Blooming violet - scene of the Nasty Dust up
over the Spilt Pint Pot. (All pubs are part of the
Riddle and Newttey chain).
OCTOBER
78th, Buffers Gentlemans club, Pall Mall' THE
OLD COMBUSTIBLES WEEKEND - Celebrated
get-together of members of the old rcgiment
open to the public, their former allies, and a few
of their better brcd enemies. Many interesting
displays of Old combustible military achieve-
ments. Additional cruet sets available for those
wishing to take part in tacticaldeployments. Re-
member to keep passing the Port.
2ll22nd. Maidenhead, Berks DEVILS lN SKIRTS
- TheIirst everconvention by the Feministfight-
ers tor Equalify in wargaming, promises to be an
interesting occasion. Displays include Peaceful
ResisLance at creenham common and there is
to be a specialAncient British chariot race forthe
Bouddiccacup, sponsored by Flymo. Food avail-
able in the loan d Arc rotissade.
DECEMBER
2/3rd, Guildford, Suney, NECESSARY AcTloN -
Could be an interesting one this, the first ever
wargames convention put on by The Politically
Corect Wa.games Society- It promises recrea-
tions of monlly iustafiabLe acts of armed peace-
keeping, such as the lnvasion of Haiti' and the
Second world war Displays include The Battle
of omdurperson, and the Seige of Upper Socio-
economic group Female Smith. Members ofthe
cen. Belgrano wargames Cabal, Buenos Aires'
willbe contesting with a bunch ofSun readeFto
play Sovercign Claim on The Malvinas. stands
include Es-cender Miniatures, Middle Ranking
Figurines, Atloy Military Pe.sonnel, Non-Specifi c
Gender Hero Persons and Ros Figures' and the
editor ol Scalistically challenged wargames will
be taking a stand. Boddington Miniatureswill be
unveiljng their new range of Tonally Tinted Pe-
riod (Dark Age) Armies for DBM. These include a
displaced people of uncertain origin with a dis-
tinctive cultural heritage of their own' acting as
an historical and psychological buffer zone be-
t{reen two nations with Imperialistic and
Colonialist tendancies lBasquesl, and a lace of
emotionally maladiusted people from a socio_
economically deprived backgrcund' whose turn
of the mellenium angst could only find expres-
sion in apparently meaningless, and yet highly
organised, and in a sense, even creative, acts of
destruction (Vandalsl.
 BOOK AND RULE REVIEW
NAPOLEON'S EUROPE
AwargameB Cuide tD the Counti.es a
A%ies inEurcpe
at the time ol the Napoleonic Wa/s
,y R S W/iitern,rx B.A. P!blished bA Tabletop Ganes.
P/B E'.95
This book is brillianr. The author lists all the
countries of Europe from Anhalt to Wurzburg.
Their forces are separated by type and ror eacn
type we are given sufficient details ro paint an
army; jnfantry, cavalry, engineers and flags. Noi
iust coat colours but facings and rank disttnctlons
too. Also included are a brief chronology of
events, a €lossary of terms and a too brjef
bibliography. It is unfortunately li m ited to Europe
excluding European Turkey but including Asian
Russia Ouite understandable since Turkey fought
principally in Asia while the Russians did
jntervene in Europe. The only criticism I nave rs
that the flags could have been depicted rnsteacl
of just des.ribed. Highly recommended and
excellent value.
LD
THE AGE OF THE COUNTRY AT On the downside, these are booklets with
WAR: significant limitations, as I'm sure theia author
\)la4ate 1550-16t5
would be first to admit:
WarOame Rules tot Samurui
- they contain little or no new research, and if
bU Bafie Lovell
you look forthe battles relating to yolrrfavourjte
period, you will probably be irritated by the
'The Age of the Country at War' covers lapan
mistakes or superficialities they contain: I know I
during the period when Damiyo fought Daimyo
was. More importantly, this then tends to
and when the military and political situation was
undermine your coniidence in the battle
at its most turbulent. It was, incidentally, the ela
summaries for the periods you don't know much
when trained ashigaru began to assert about.
themselves as a force ro be reckoned with and
" the maps are smali, and generally fairly crude.
was alsothetime when militantand intensely bad
on the plus side, however, they are extremely
tempered monks were on the rampage lremincls
useful if you justwant to have a quick DBAgame
me of my schooldays): you couldn t accuse lr or
on a Sunday afternoon and avoid having to do
being a period without interest or colour
any research pnol to set-up,
And of cource that is exactly why it is a period
So, not for the player who is interested in in-
crying out Ior rules which are specilicalJy
depth recreations ofbaftles (and probably safer
designed for them, rather than adaptations of
only to use itfor battles you don't know anything
existing sets lthe 'this looks like a spear so we'il
about: watch out for that blood pressurel), but
classify it as LTS 'school ofthoughr), if you take
very good for a DBA 'quickie'. Overall, probably
the individuality and distinctiveness of Iapanese
the wargames equivalent offast food: not always
wadare out of the game, you are left with a drab
satisfying but certainly convenient.
and rather sanitised affair
'The A€e of the Country at Wa/ fills thrs gap S.T,

{though it has to be said it is not the only one to

do so) and does so in a waywhich combjnesvery
IV]EDIAEVAL WARFARE SOURCE 'clean' rule mechanisms with a wealth of period
BOOK feel. The rules cover ail the usual suspects
(movement, organisation, combat, rnorale and so
vol |, Waiare in Westerrt Chistendom ba David Ni{olle
t.rms and knour on) but also some loveiy additions pecunar ro
Press. H/B t2t .OO
the period: generals and heroes, forinstance, can
BATTLE TACTICS OF NAPOLEON
The author's chosen interpretation of Mediaeval
choose to undertake an heroic action' (such as
taking a famous head, forming a one-man AND HIS ENEIiIIES
is from 400-1400 AD and this is split inro four
rearguard action, and so on] and accumulate BQ t Nosworth'
sections. Within each of these mjlitary matteG
are discussed under eight sub-headings which honour points even while their army may be Cotrstable, 1996. t25.516 pages.

are then further sub,divided. Thus we get
eyecatching titles such as Broad St.ategy, Battle
Tactics and Combat Styles. Unfortunately the
scope of this book is so vast these are often
covered in little more than one page, and within
that page a disproponionate emphasis is given
to the British Isles. There are some twenty odd
biographies of notable leaders an excellent
bibljography section and some fascinating
secondary aspects of the period; Io€istics,
weapons production, land and river transport
The book is mainly illustrated wjth photographs,
some of which you will probably have seen
before, plus some Iine dra!r'ings which may also
look familiar. There a.e also some unusual
pictures, newto me at least. 1 cannot say that this
is the last word on the subiect. But, on balance I
think it s a good buy foranyone with more than a
passing interest jn the period.
WELLINGTON IN INDIA
A Waryame6 Cuide bV C S C/ant dnd S tu4ritr.
Publkdlians. P/B 18.50
These tv/o well known authors take their suotecr
f.om 1790, belore wellington's arrival to I805
when he 1eft. They include brief descriptions of
the campai€ns and battles of the time plus
uniform and organisational details, where known,
for all sides concerned. Added to this are three
scenarios and a setolrules. What more could you
ask? To be fairl have to point out that the booklet
is spirai bound and the rnaps could be better
But, it never the less represents excellent value
for money,
disappearing over the horizon
The game mechanisms are heavily influenced
by DBA and this may affect your predisposition
towards them, but whatever your preiudices,
these rules are wellworth a look. Recommended.
S.T
ANCIENT HISTORICAL BATTLES
1479 BC-378 AD
HISTORICAL MEDIEVAL BATTLES
732 AD-l485 AD
84.95 each published bA Goslin| Press
I.D.
Petersides has produced two very convenient
collections of battle summaries, both of which
seem;ntended primarily forthe DBA playe., but
which will also be of use for wargamers wishing
CSC to use other rules.
The ancient booklet covers 39 battles from
Megiddo through to Adrianople, while rne
medieval companion volume covers 40 battles
lrom Tows to Bosworth field.
A gimilar format is adopted for each battle:
-a short introductjon to the background leading
up to it
'an estimate of the army sizes involved and a
breakdown of those figures in terms of DBA
elements
- one sentence summaries of figuae scale,
deployment and victory conditions
- a sma map
- a short (ie one or two sentence) descriptjon
I.D. of the historical outcome
Nosworthy's book is a massive study of the
Napoleonic battle field at the tacrjcal level. He
portrays the tactics of infantry, cavalry and
artillery and how they evolved from the late
1600 s through the era of Frederickthe Creat and
on to the Revolutionary and Napoleonic battle
Iield.
Although mainly dealingwith the French army,
the authordoes coverthe Prussjan, Austrian and
British armies as well, but Russia is bearly
mentionedl
There are many battle field recollections from
pafiicjpants of the era, as well as notes from
books on drill and tactics published soon after
the Napoleonic period, ihatare used tojllusrrare
how tactics worked or tvhere changed.
There are fourteen photos ofdiflerentweapons
from the period which most readers will have
seen in other books. I would have prefer.ed
fourteen illustrations from period drill book.
With two maps and twenty illustrations as well
as a detailed glossary of terms and a bibliography,
this is a must for the serious student and
enthusiast of theNapoleonic pe.iod and mjlitary
history in general.
R.R.

Miniature Wargames No. 158

RESULTS PAGE
Weymouth round oI 6th Edldor Doubles Mastei6 Competltlon Cla33 Clo - Fantasy E Sclence Fictior Vehlcles etc any scale
l.M Parkes & lCardner Eactrian Greek 37pts lst Daniel Taylor screaming Bell
2- CBazettGJ Frampton Later Imperial Roman 26 pts Class Dl5 - Dlorama any perlod or scal€
3. C Hading & P Prill Imperial German €' Hungarian 26 pts lst MichaelCooling "To the Front"
4. L Donohoe & P Lowe Patrician ioman & Hun 24 pts 2nd Bemd Siepmann Woman Dragon Rider
t.IDickieEMHaward Siciljan Norman 6 Befber 23pts class El6 - Mtlitary vehlcles, slngle vehicles l/76th s.ale or largei
6. S L'Estrange E D Frampton Manryan Indian €' Saka 22 pts lst S welch German PAK 40 and T34
?. LsamuelsecBright Aztec 22pts 2nd David Barnes Maus . fact or fiction
8. DHowesEBFox Knights ofSt lohn E Hungarian 22 pts Class Fl7 - Mlscellaneous
9. P Frith & S Smith Aztec & Tlacsacan 19 pts lst lan Duthie SS Grenadier (Oak Leaf Camo)
10. J Dennis E Mackie
P Crandine E Berber 19 pts znd lan Duthie Ardennes 1944
ll. RJackman g Cweaver Medieval Portuguese 6 Abbyssinian L2pts 3rd l. Toyei Two Moons
12. B Hillgswaite Babylonian !0 Pts Salute Game Prizes
TOTAL TO DATE
Salute Challenge Shleld E Best Particlpation Game
L L Donohue €, T Backhouse 92 pts
Blood Shunt South london watlords
2. c Harding 6 Prill
P 78 pts
Best Demorstaatlon Game
I D Howes {, B Fox 67 pts
Simulations Association oI Sussex
Martston Moor 1664
Next round at Attack ln Dettzes 6y'? luly Best Scenery ln use on day
where Mongols Dare coalhouse Generals
SALUTE 96 Competidon Results Best Army ln use on day
Palntlng Compedtion Cape Trafalgar | 801 North London War€ames Group
to I900AD (pre-L4raki) ldanry up to l9mm
Class A3 - 3008C Most Innovatlve Came
lst Robert Warren French Light lnfantry Centlemen Start your Injuns Staines Wargamers
2nd Ivan Brooke 5th Northumberland Foot
3rd Peter Hockaday Swiss
Cla$ A4 - 3(X)0BC to l900AD (pre-kfial'l) Cavalry up to l9mm
lst Peter Hockaday Austrian l2 pounder
2nd Don Mcsweeney scots Greys
3rd S Jones Timurid Cavalry
Class 86 - I9OoAD to present (post kfiald) Motodsed | 5 - :]'mm
lst T Carter Cerman Armour 1944
2nd T Cartet Allied Armour 1944
Class C9 - Fantasy G Sclence Flctlon Gamlng Group I .5 figures any scale
lst Dave Andrews Samurai
2nd Nick Basi Far Seer
3rd Richard Scott Pegasus & Unicom
Class Cl0' Fa[tasy E Sclence Flctlon lllargarnes Unlt Foot l0-40 flguaes
20-?5mm
loint I ststeve Dean Warhammer 40,000 Desert Fighters
loint tstMichael Immig Space Marines
Mdrsion Moo/ | 664 . Slt'l]4l4t1on6 Assochtlon of susaat lwl
2nd A Barnes Dwarves ^e/
ol 66t demonstrdtlorr g^fiel

NAPOLEONIC DIARY: JUNE & JULY 1796

By Michael Rayner

By the end of May, Napoleon had driven the Austrian army under
Beaulieu out of Piedmont and into the Tyrol. ln the first week of lune the
French began the sieee ofMantua, the most important Austrjan fortress in
North ltaly. Napoleon must have hoped thatthe city would fallbefore Aus'
trian relief arrived. He also made the most ofthe briefAustrian absence by
deciding to move part of his forces south to encourage revolution, and
more importantly, to loot and plunderand to pave the way for French an-
nexations. ln addition was the military need to secure his rear when the
Austrian counter-attack finally anived, probably in mid-luly. The French
were, at first, welcomed with open arms by the local population, as they
entered the Duchy of Modena and then the city of Bologna. Rome itself
seemedto be underthreat, forcingtle Vatican to agree toterms, including
French possessionof Bolognaand Ferara, an indemnityof 20millioofancs
and 100 important works of art. Leghom tell to a detachment under Murat,
which violated the neutral tenitory of Tuscany en toute. By midruly the
bulk of north-central Ialy had fatlen under French control and Napoleon
was ready to provoke Venice and to face the oncoming Austrians The siege
of Mantua had made liftle progress while Napolen had been away This
was despite some foolhardy actions on the partofthe Austrian defenders,
as reported by the British liaison officer who saw three Austian battalions
'draw up in three-deep line on top ofa dyke being shot at frcm the cover of
bushes on the far side ofthe Adige river occasionally the Austrians would
fire a ceremonial volley at their invisible tormentorsr "By stepping back six
or eight yards and lying down on the reverse slope ofthe dyke, not a shot
from the enemy could have told, whereas a loss of nearly 150 men killed
and wounded was the consequence of this stupid bravado." (From 'war'
fare in the age of Bonaparte'by Michaelclovetl. This provides a perfect
example ofthe hopelessly outmoded Austdan army which seems to have
made a good job of tosing actions with little assistance from the Frcnch.
The lon€iawaited relief was on its way by the end ofluly This v/as com-
manded by Wurmser, consisting of between 90,000 and 60,000 men Per'
haps fatally, the army was divided into three columns: two to advance down
to ihe shores of Lake Carda with the third furthereast to advance down the
Brenta valley. By the last day of the month it looked as if the Austrians
would be successful. Blocking forces under Massena had been torced to
recoil down the Adige valley. while the more westem column under
ouasdanovich cleared the French from the shor€s of Lake carda. Napo'
leon was in dangea of being crushed and in this difficult situation he de'
cided to call off the siege of Mantua to release Seruie/s troops to assist
hls own hard-pressed command. This was ordered on the 3lst J{rly.
On the Rhine Front the Republicans had dossed the riverat the end of
May, and then looked to advance into cermany On the lower Rhine,
Jourdan, supportingthe initialsuccess ofNey and Kleber' launched a larger-
s@le attack. This was halted in the middle ofJune by the Archduke charles'
whothen forced the French back to Dusseldorffrom whencethey hadcome.
Moreau, on the Upper Rhine, benefitted arom the absence ofWurmserwith
his troops on theirway to North ltaly. However, Moreau s advance was cau-
tious, especially when comparcd to the lightening manoelvrcs of Bona'
parte. D;spite this, progtess was made with a front being established by
the end of,uly from Stuttgaft to Lake Constance. The Archduke was in a
difficult situation, facing two enemies: he could face only one at a time. lf
he advanced against one, then the other could' in turn, advance against
him. charles, although retreating, was doing so in good order, and was by
no means beaten by the end of July.

Miniature Wargames July 1996

 19dlC$mmr
THE SIKH WARS . PART
by John Watts
After Aliwal, the Sikh forces at Sobraon devoted
much time and energy to building up theirforti-
fications, which eventually reached three lines,
with thF main force ofabout 20,000 foot and sev-
enty guns on the southem bank under t|e som-
mand ofTei Sjngh and the reserve cava]ry o[ as
many again and more guns on the north bank
under Lall Singy. The Vizier at Lahore, Cholab
Singh, wasin secret correspondence with the Brit-
ish. He was offeied continuing sovereignty over
the Puniab if the army was disbanded, and at-
tempted to order them to retire over the Sutlej.
This order was not obeyed, and it became ap-
parent that the Sikh army would have to be
beaten.
cough was eager to attack as soon as possible
before the position was improved to the pointof
iovulnerability, but Hardinge refused to allow the
attack until the siege train anived (jt was in fact
Hardinge's fault that the siege tlain had nor ar-
rived - Cough had asked lorjt to be sentforward,
but Hardinge had vetoed this on the grounds of
costl.
Eventually, the guns arrived on 7 February,
except for the all-important 24-pounders, which
had been delayed couCh preparcd a plan for
the aftack, but the chief engineer stated that he
did not believe thatthe force was strong enough,
and Hardinge accepted this opinion. Argument
followed argument, but eventually Hardinge
grudgjngly agreed to allow the attack provided
that Cough considered that losses would not be
heavy.
THE BATTLE OF SOBRAON 10
FEBRUARY 1846
"Shot follow'A shot, and fiercet wa{ A the fight:
Hete shell had burst; locket eqloded therci-
'Twas su.h a rcat as might have tatak d the deadl
.lulas
su.h a sldfe as btaians seldom wageT
As mighl have stru.k t[1e stoutest heartwith drcaal
Yet such a s.eke but whets a R/.loh s rcge.
After Lwo houts ol he V cannolale,
The word was giv n lo the line " Nlvantet
The main Sikh strengrh with io the fortificarions
consisted of regular infantry and anillery on their
left and centre underSham Sin€h Aftariwala and
Mehtab Singh. On the right flank, where rhe forti-
fications were less extensive because of the
sandy soil, the defenders were irregular infantry
and the supporting artillery mainly zamburaks.
The commander here was General Mouton, who
normally commanded irregularcavalry. The guns
on the north bank were sited so as to cover the
ends ofthe entrenchments. The British force was
organised as follows:
Cavalry DMslon: Major-Ceneral ihackwe
lst Brigade (Scottl
lrd LD
4th BLC
5th BLc
9th BLC
2nd Brigade lCampbelll
9th Lancers
2nd BIC
III
lrd Brigade at them with the bayonetl" and ordered Dick to
covemor-ceneral's Bodyguard begin the attack.
4th Brigade {Cureton) Led by Stacey'sB gade and supported all
I 6th Lancers Watching throu8h the advance by their ac(ompanying
3rd BLC the fords horseartillery,theBritishleftflankmovedstead-
4th Btc near Hafiki ily f.orwards. There was a brief counter by some
Sikh cavalry that was driven off by a flank com.
lst Infartry Dh'tston: Maiopceneral Smith pany ofthe 5?rd Foot and the horse artillery but
lst Bri€ade {Hicksl except for this the division did not fire a shot until
? lst Foot it reached the entrenchments. A Sikh gunner in
47th BNI this area has described how awe-inspiring was
2nd Brigade (Penny) this steady advance, and it seems to have de-
50th Foot moralised the defenders- Certajnly, Staceys Bri-
42nd BNI gade was soon inside the outer line and exploit,
Nasiri Eattalion ing foNards, until heLd up by tie flanking fire of
the artillery on the north bank. The otherbrigades
2nd Infartry Dlvislon: Maior-Ceneral cilbert moved up in support, butthe Siki infantryof the
3rd Brigade {Taylor) left and centre, undecejved by the demonstra-
29th Foot tions to theif front, tumed and counter-attacked,
4lst BNI throwing Dickb Division out of the position and
68th BNI recaPturing their guns.
4th Brigade lMclaren) cough decided at this to convert his feint at-
Ist ELI tack to real ones and ordered Smith and cil-
I6th BNI bert to attack. Gilbert's Division had been cov-
Sirmoor battalion ered untjlnowbydead ground, and had suffered
very Little, and seems to have advanced before
3rd Infantry Dlvislon: Major-Ceneral Dick Smith. They were facing the stfongest part of the
5th Bigade (Ashburnham) Sikh entrenchments, with walls that were twelve
9th Foot feet high in places. The first two assaults failed,
62nd Foot and the attackers fellback, to see pursuing Sikhs
26th BNI killing the wounded in the ditch. Meanwhile,
6th Brigade lMlkinsonl Smith's Division attacked on their frontage. The
80th Foot first attack failed within thirty yards ofthe outer
3lrd BNI ditch, and fell back th.ough Hickb Brigade. As in
63rd BNI the centre, pursuing Sikhs kilted the wor.rnoeo,
7th Brigade {Stacey) and this seemsto have enraged the men ofHick's
l0th Foot Bigade and jnspired them to breakthrough. Sup-
> tro foot ported by the reformed Pennys Brigade, they
43rd BNI began to move towards the centre.
5gth BNI
At about this time, cilbert's third attempt
broke jnto the centre, and the troops that had
Reserve Brlgade driven out Dick's attack began to move back
4th BNI against the newthreats. Part of Dick's contin!ing
5th BNI pressure had been the breaking-down of en-
73.d BNI trenchments by British sappe6. Through this gap
in single file, and led by a squadron of the 3rd
Supportingthjs force were 9 batteries of horse LD, Thackwell pushed Scott's Brigade. Formjng
artillery 5 offield artillery, six l8.pounderglrns up on the farside, the cavalry charged the Sikhs.
and l8 heaw howitzers. Not all ol the horse bat- They were followed thrcugh the gap by some
teries were at firstdeployed, becausethere were horse artillery, which unlimbered and began to
too few crews for the hea\,ry €uns and horse gun- engage the Sikh infantry with cannister All ofthis
ners were substituted. pressure pushed the Sikhs back, and Dick's Divi.
Cough's plan was to attack the vulnerable Sikh sion advanced into the position once again.
right flank with Dick's forces, while the otner ol- Tei Singh had not waited for the defeat of his
visions made holding attacks all along the line. troops, and had fled aqoss the bridge early on.
The main battery was deployed to fire ir sup- Then came disaster - the bridge of boats broke.
port of Dicks anack. The Bdtish were deployed Undercontinuing pfessure, the Sikis headed for
at first light, but an early morning mist delayed the bridge and hundreds of them drowned, the
the beginning of the action. By 0700 hours the ford being deeperthan usualbecause of rain the
mist had clearcd sufficiently for the bombard- night befo.e. A last stand around the bridgehead
mentto begjn. Despite allthe time available for by some reguiar battalions led by Sham Singi
preparation, two things became clear:the heavy hiled, and the battle was won.
guns were hardly within effective range, and they
only had sufficient ammunjtion for two hours of
bombardment. The actions of Hardinge and THE END OF THE FIRST SIKH WAR
Gough when this became clear were very djffer- "Readet farcvelll nu laa is donej
ent. Hardin8e sent a message to Cough saying The glorious fight is o'eL
that if he doubted the result he should call off lhe foe acrcss the SuttLdge ru
the action: cough said, "Thank Codt then I'll be The Anhons boom o dore,"
Itiniature Wargames No. 158
 4Eth Ben9"l Nat ive lnfo^t?
11th. Be,,gal N{ttvc Irfcat?
18t'6
l8L6

1,r' or tr'J ,r , Lacal Bat.lelir',. 42ui B"ngol Light Io{antry

lr" t 1847

Miniature Wargames July 1996

 19fi CEilrunr
The British were on the north ban k of the Sutlei
by the evening of Sobnon, and negotiations be-
gan with the Siki government in tahore. lt was
no part of the British plan to annex the p!njabi
although part of the army had been defeated,
there were still many troops in existence, ano tn
their own friendly teritory. The aim was to re-
move the Sikhs as a military threat, which in-
volved the reduction ofthe army (see part 2), and
the setting-up of a friendly and stable govern-
ment in Lahore, and ensuringby means ofa Brit-
ish mission that British influence would continue.
The Treaty of Lahore was signed on ll March
1846. Apart from the details above, the Sikh gov-
ernment relinquished allclaims to the Siki lands
in the Malwa, which passed fully under British
influence, and ceded as reparation the land be-
tween the Sutlei and the Beas, called the
Iullundur Doab. and Kashmir The British did not
want the problems of dealing with this last and
sold ittoGholab Singh, who we lastmetasVizier
of the Sikh govemmentt Despite the attempr ro
avoid involvement, the Siki regency's requestfor
British support until Dhuleep Singh came of age
led to the stationing of British brigade in Lahore
and the appointment of Britjsh officers to man-
age the fest ofthe country.
THE ARMY OF THE BENGAL
PRESIDENCY
The army ofthe Bengal presidency was the larg-
est in India. lt was recruited mainly from Hindus,
and high'caste Hindus at that, and was already
showing many of the problems that led to the
Indian Mutiny. Prcmotionwas by seniority, which
led to old NCOS and even older officers. Over
the yea15, the British officers had adopted an al-
mosr fatherly aflitude to lhe men of their resi-
menLs. which led to d relaxation in dis(ipline a;d
a reluctance to put them under pressure. This
mayhavebeensuccesslulinearlierdays, buttne
increased need for officers to be posted on at-
tachment on political duties, orto man the manv
irregular un its lhat had flourished with the e en'-
sion ofBritish rule had led to fewerofficers serv-
ing with the battalions. For instance, of the
twenty-two British officers on the strength of the
47th BNI just before the war, only nine were
present for duty. lt was inevitable that the offic-
els who volunteered to serve in the most exotic
{and profitabl€) tasks would be the younger,
poorer and more active. In addition, the miseF
able showing ofthe British forces in Afghanistan
had shaken the belief of the hdian soldrers rn
the superiority of the British troops. The Sikis
had a fearsome reputation, and \yere the last
great native Indian powe( Allofthese tended to
affect the fi€hting power ofthe lndian soldiers of
the Bengal army.
This being said, it must be noted that there
were exceptions. The inegllar and local forces
who had a relatively bdef history fought well
throughout, as did the artillery. As time went on
and the Sikhs proved themselves to be beatable.
the perfomance oI the lndian soldiers tenoeo
to improve. Those units who had honour titles
(e€ Crenadiers) tended to perform better than
the norm. Finally, the Indian trooDs seem to have
Iacked the stamina of British troops, and when
they were given the opportunity to begin a bat-
tle rested and fed they performed considerablv
betterthan when they were forced to fight at the
end of a hard day.
The cavalry ofthe Bengal army were alI native
units and consisted of the Covemor-Cenerat s
Bodyguard. the regiments ol Bengal Li€hr Ca!-
alry and lhe regjments of Bengal IneCular Cav-
alry. The Bodyguard and the BLC were organised
in the same manner, and consisted of about 500
all ranks divided jnto sixtroops_ Theirdress and
function was based closely on the model of the
British light dragoons, and they filled essentially
the same function, that of shock action on the
baftlefietd. Apart lrom the 4rh BLC, rhey were
armed with sabre and pistols, with a proponion
armed with carbines for outpost work. lt is nota-
ble that these regiments seem to have had little
faith in their British issue sabres and prefened
to usetheirpistols against the Sikhs. The 4th BLC
had been designated Iancers in about 1840, and
watercolour by an officer of the regiment shows
them so equipped. The Bodyguard and the tst,
3rd, 4th, 6th, 7th, 8th and I tth took part in
one or both'th,campai€ns. It should be noted that
there was no 2nd BLC at this time, and the I lth
became the znd in I850.
The Bodyguard and the BLC were dressed as
light dragoons, the bodyguard in red with blue
facings and yellow lace (gold for officers ) and the
BLC in French grey with orange-red facings and
white la€e {silver for officers) exceot for the 5th
BLC who had black facings. The fuLl dress was
elaborately laced over the chest and sleeves.
Often the undress uniform was worn, which was
much simpler The headdress was a bell.topped
shako, without peaks for the native ranks. This
was equipped with a falling plume, black for the
Bodygua.d and cimson and white for the BLC.
In battle this was often covered with a cofton
cover, as the sowar of the 2nd BLC is shown. Of-
ficers, inevitabLy, wefe a law unto themselves and
often appeared in a mixture of dress. The officer
ofthe 6th BLC is shown in undress tacket and old
u ndress tro users- Undresscapswere available in
various pattems, with orwithout covers. I can find
no evidence for the wearing of the lance cap by
the 4th BLC, the illustration of the sowar beine
based on lhe watercolour mentioned earlier H;
seems to be wearing a Kilmamock with coton
The regiments of the Ben€al kregular Cavalry
provided the true light cavalryofthe British army.
They were of a similar size to the 8LC. but had
only four Brjtish officeis, seconded from other
regiments. The lndian officers thus had a much
higherstatus and responsibility than in the BLC.
Apart hom firearms and ammunition, equipment
and horses were provided by the soldier him,
self, though to encourage conformity the regiment
acted as a conrador and sold uniform items to
the soldier There was thus less uniformity among
these troops and although none of them were
described as lancers, many contemporary illus-
trations show BIC troopers ca.rying the lance or
firing the carbine mounted- Although trained in
skirmishing, they were capable of shock action,
and, especially in the confused and scattered
fighting of the 2nd Sikh war, showed a marxeo
superiority overthe Sikh ghorchurras. Their per-
formance in the otherrole of hght cavalry, recon-
Unit Offfcers
2nd White metal helmet with green turban As illustration
4th Albert helmet with black plume.
Alkalak heavily laced with silver
7rh As illustration
8rh As illustration
9th As troopers with lacing on chest
llth White helmets
l2th No details
r3th No details
l4th No details
t5th Blue turban, red alkalak with black
facings and gold lace, blue cummerbund
t6th Red alkalak, gold lace
rTth Red alkalak, blue facings, gold lace
naissance, was miserable, though this is possi-
bly more due to bad handljng than innate incom-
petence. The 2nd,4th,8th and gth served in the
lst Sikh Warand rhe 2nd,7th,gth, llth, t2th, l3th,
l4th, I'th, l6th and l Tth in the 2nd Sikh War The
regiments from the I lth on were only formed 1846
and originally had one number lower leg I tth was
originally loth etcl until 1847.
Records of the details ol the dress of these
units is contradictory and conflsing. Most wore
the alkalak, a long loose coat in various colours,
with long boots and either iodhpurs or baggy
trousers- Headdress could be a sortoffezwith of
without a turban, a helmet oriust a turban. Offic-
ers f requently wore elaborate and Europeanized
versions of these items, o. purely British items
such as the Albert helmet. The evidence I have
been able to find is summarized in the table
below and the illustrations.
The artjllery consisted of both foot ano norse
artillery and each had both European and Indian
companies or troops. Each was equipped with a
battery of six guns, g-pounders for the foot and
6-pounders for horse. The guns and the charges
were lighter than equivalent guns in use by the
RoyalArtillery ofthe period, and the artillerywas
considerably outgunned by the heavierand more
numerous Sikh artillery in many of the battles.
Despitethis, the artillery foot or horse, European
or lndian, performed excellently all through the
campaign.
The foot artillery wore a uniform that was es-
sentially the same as the Royal artillery of the
penod with ditlerences only in detail. This con-
sisted of a blue coatee with red facjngs and yel-
low lace, with appropriate embellishments fo.
officers. The shakowasthe bell.topped onewith
white plume until 1846, when the Albert snaKo
wastaken into use, Trousers were bluewith a red
stripe. Undress uniforms included a short blue
jacket with simple red facings and without lace.
It is rcasonable to assume that native troops had
similar differences from British troops and ofJic-
eis as did the jnfantry. The horse artillery had a
dramatic uniform, the officers' version of which is
illustrated. British gun ners wore a sim ilar b ur st m-
plified unilorm with yellow wa\,ry lace instead of
the flat gold wavy lace- The undressed iacketwas
plain blue with red facings, and the helmet was
often worn in action with a cloth cover The na-
tive horse artillery wore a much simpler uniform
as illustrated.
The infantry was composed of three types:
European, Bengal Native Infantry and Local lor
Hill) Battalions. The European battalions were
organised in exactlythesame way as the infantry
of the British army. Each regiment had one Dar-
talion. The lst European Regiment became Light
Infantry in 1839, and the 2nd European Regiment
Ttoopels
As illustration
As illustration
Plain alkalak with red lace and fez
without turban. Brown belts.
Yellowand blueturban, red alkalakwith
yellow lace and blue cummerbund
White turban, red alkalak with yellow
lace
Green alkalak, white lace
As illustration
No details
As officers, yellow lace
As officers, yellow lace
As ofticerc, yellow lace
Miniature Wargames No. 158
 ..-:.::.--'-,4
Battle of Sobraon
iOth February 1866
was raised the same year The lst became fusi-
liers in 1846. the znd in 1850. These titles had no
rcal significance as regards the role of the battal-
ions. They foughtthroughout the war in the same
manner as lhe British foot battalions. The Lrni-
forms foilowed the Eritish pattern (see Part l)
except for the shako, which remained bell-
topped quite late. Facings for the lst were pale
blue with eold lace, and for the 2nd white with
gold lace.
The battalions of native infantry formed the
bulk ofthe infantry in both wars. Iheirorganiqa-
tion was based on that ofthe British infantry, each
regimentofone battalion and each battalion ten
companies slron€. includin€ flank companieg.
The battalions had a nominal strength of about
1000. Some of the battalions were known as
Crenadiers or Light Infantry, but it is doubtful
whether there was any functional difference. As
in the British a.my, thesetitles were given to mark
some particular episode which had little to do
with the role. llf you don't believe this, look at
the example of the British l3th Foot, who were
made Light Infantry after being besieged in
jellatlabad - hardly a light infantry role.) This
shortage of true light infantry may have been
behind the decision to turn the light companies
of the infantry battaljons into riflemen, and re-
arming them with the Brunswick rifle.
Thedressofthe infantrywas based onthe Brit-
ish model, though one step behind. As can be
seen in the illustration of a soldier of the 48th,
the full dress consisted of a red coatee with dif-
ferent coloured facings and plain white tape.
gquipment was the same as for the British but
with the addition of a waistbelt which held the
Miniature Wargames July 1996
\\
t{Fs+g
ammunjtion pouch and bayonet close to the body
when in action. The shakowasa bell'topped type
with chin chain and no peak. Trousers were ei-
ther dark blue orrphite. The light companies wore
a green uniform wjth, apparentLy, black facings,
though the only illustration I have found dates
ftom closerto the Mutiny. When on campaign, the
sepoys tended to change to a more comfortable
dress, often substituting native items for boots
and t.ousers, as in the illustration of the sepoys
of the 44th. The shako was especiauy disliked,
and undress caps were ftequently substituted - with a cover lt is not certain whether the Sirmoor
a forage cap in 1844, and the kilmamockin 1847.
The kilmarnock was blue with a white band for
iine infantry, a green band for light, as in the il-
lustration of the sepoy of the 42nd.
officers worethe same dress uniform but with
boxed epaulettes orgiltwings dependingon the
company. Lace was gold throughout. As with the
Britjsh infantry, shell iackets, plain ftock coatsand
padded or quilted t!nics were popular Daum-
mers wore reversed colours, and, being often of
mixed race, shakos with peaks. Facin€s of the
battalions involved in the siki wars were as fol-
2, l, 4, 8, 18, 37, 4t, 42 lLigh , 47, 4a, 5t, 54, 63,
68, 69, 70, 7 1, 72, 73 -Yellow.
|,5. t 2, 20, 22, 24, 56 - White
6, 7, 13, 29, 45, 46, 5l, 52 Dark - green.
14, 16 {Grenadierl, 90, 31, 49, 50 - Buff.
l5 - French grey.
25- Blue.
26 (Light), 27 - Red.
33 - Black.
36 - Lernon yellow.
43 {Lightl, 44 - Pea green.
, -L-
59 - Saxon green.
Local battalionslrere fomed as necessary lor
individual functions and often disbanded when
that function ended. Tivo of these battalions took
part in the Sikh wars, both forerunners of Crrkha
regiments. Their organisation would seem to be
the same as the BNl, but, like the BIC, the pro-
portion of British officets was smallet Both bat-
talionswo.e green uniforms, the Nasiri battalion
with blackfacings and the Sirmoor battalion with
green band, though the illustlation shows this
battalion had yetadopted its black-and-red band
on thekilmamock. Although SirHarry Smith used
the skirmishers ofthe Nasiri battalion to screen
his division at Sobraon, it is unceftain whether
these battalionswere true riflemen, oreven true
light infantry. The Sirmoor baftalion briefly lost
its colours at Aliwal, and is noted as being re-
equipped with the Brunswick rjfle in 1849, both
ofwhich point away from it being a true rifle bat-
talion duringthe time it was engaged against the
Sikis, so this must remain unprcven unless any-
one else has hard data.
one other local f,rrce needs menlion: this was
the shekawati Contingent. It consisted ofcavalry,
infantry and artillery, and a few years later it is
noted as being dressed in red with blue facings.
I can find no more details of it at the period of
the siki wars.
The corys ofBen€alSappers and Minerswote
red with blue facings, and consisted ofthree com-
panies under British officels with British engineer
Ncos attached. The seven companies ofProneers
attached to the Sappers and Minerswore a green
uniform with black facings.
Igft CENIURY

Be"9: i L ight
Ca'talry

Sowar 7*l R.:4io e^t

Nativa G,rn^e.

beagal *cree A"t;li""i

Miniature Wargames No. 158

 fie.sgql ltrc"gular

C ovalry

lTth (t*ter l3th)

t{liniature WaGames July 1996

 w$m
OPERATION LEOPARD
By Robert Testro
Operation L€opard was a carefully considered,
very well planned amphibious assault on a little
Creek Island. lt took place in 1943, the defend-
ers had iust over three battalions of infantry a
few hearry guns and navalsupport, the attackers
had about the same number of men and over-
whelming air support.
The result was that the defenders were over-
run andthe island was captured witiin three days
of the initial assults. Lt ceneral Mueller's Xl
FleigefCorps had struck anotherblow and sorely
dented any Allied aftempts to recapture the Do-
oecanese.
hdeed, afterthe fallofLeros, they prettymuch
gave up the effort-
Theassaulton kros isa ready made wargames
scenario, the numbers of troops are limited, the
battle area is a well defined island which poses
plenty of problems in itself.
There js a good variety of troop types, the
Cermans have Fallschimiaeger, the Brandenburg
units. The British have a regular infantry brigade
plus units ofthe LRDC and the SBS. Artillery for
the defendem is provided bycooperative ltalian
gunneE with their own garrison troops.
I do not intend to dwell over much on the ac-
tual fightjng, but to leap straight in with some
ideas on how to refight the battle. The rules that
I ptefer are Command Decision, in which one
stand represents a platoon. The figure sralewhich
I preferto use is l/200, an idealcompromise be-
tween detail and space (one of the things that I
hate most aboutWorld War T\ro wargames is lines
oftanks advancing track to track. Ughl)The rules
€ive aground scale of | " to 50 yards. Itistherfore
possible to lay outthe entire island at this scale,
(Albeit on several 5 x 9'tables), thus allowing
for a very tighr Iought all-day game.
ORDERS OF BATTLE
AIITOGEs belowuse Command De.ision norrcn-
clature. If you wish to use other rules, it should
be very easy to convert them,
BRITISH
2l34th Brigade under BrigadierTilney contain-
ingl
HO Company (Regular, Morale 8l with;
I Command stand, I Humber scout car
I Staff Radio truck, I support stand
I Universal Carrier with LMc
Brigade Service Troops iRegular MoralTlwith;
I medium Ammunition truck [2tonsl, I support
stand
I Command stand, I ieep / light truck
I li€httruckwith field kitchen, I supportstand
2 medium general supply trucks
2nd Royal Irish Fusileers (Regular Marale 8)
HO Company stand, t ieep
I Engineer stand, I light truck
II mortarstand {10 rcundsl, I universalCaF
net
2 Recon carriers
2 2pdr ATK guns, 2 gun crew stands, 2 light
trucks
125 rounds per€un)
medium baggage truck
light truck with field kitchen
medjum general supply truck
Command stand, I ieep
2 support stanos
E Miniature Wargames No. 158
4 Rifle Companies each withi to a vehicle's orweapon's weigltclass. Anyvehi-
I Command Infantry stands cle or weapon marked * cannot be airdropped.
4th Buffs lRegular, Morale 8)as above but less lst Bn 2nd Falschirmiager Regiment withi
the followingi HO Company
I
I 2pdrATK gun, I crewstand& lighttruck I Command stand, I Ketten€rad(l)'
I Recon carrier I medium baggage truck(lll)+, I field
I Rifle Company kitchenlllll'
lst Kjngs Own {Regular, Morale 8) as above but I medium general supply truck(lll)", lsupport
with one rifle company mounted in 6 ieeps. stand
2nd Royal West Kents {Regular, Morale 8};4 3 Falschirmjager Companies each with;
Rifle Companies only, asabove.l companystahs Command Infantry stand
on the island, other I arrive as reinforcements. Weapons stand
I Troop 25pdrs (Regulal Morale 9) wilni Infantry stands
I 25pdrfield gun, I gun crewstand (ds), I quad medium trucks(l ll)'
prime mover. l8 rounds] Machinegun Company wjth;
28th Heavy AA bty (Regular, Moraie 8) u/ithi I Command stand
I Command stand, I jeep 2 MMC stands
I3.7 Mkl AA guns,3 gun crew stands (dsl, (l0 I 8cm mortar stand [ds) ll0 rounds)
rounds per gun), 3 medium trucks, I medium I 75L10 recoilless 8un(ll), I gun crevr stand ldsl
ammunition truck {20 roundsl, I suppon stand (10 rounds) | kubelwagen (lli1, 3 medium
lrd Light AA bty {Reeular, Morale 8) with; trucks(lII)", 2 ammunition trdile.s(ll)' (lton each)
I Command stand, I jeep 2 Fallschirm Companies Brandenburg Regi-
3 40L56AAguns, 3 gun crew stands (25 rounds ment each with;
per gun), 3 light trucks, I medium ammunition I Command Infantry stand
truck 150 rounds), I support stand. I Weapons stand
SBS Patrol fveteran Morale l0lwith; 2 Infantry stands
I Recon stand {may split into 2 patrol recon ? medium trucks(lll)'
stands) lst Bn Keusten jager (Amphibious Assault BnJ
LRDC Patrol {Veteran Moralel0l withi Brandenburg Regiment with;
I Command MMC stand, I light truck HQ Company withi
3 Recon stands lmay each sp]it into 2 patrol I Command stand
standsl I Baggage truck(lll), I Field tutchen(lll)
LRDG may act as spotters forltalian batterjes. I medium generalsupply truck(lll), I support
Naval Liaison Party with I FO stand, I ieep stand
HMS Echo 6 HMS Belvoir (Destroyers) each I Infantry Companies each with;
with I 5' guns I Comand stand
2 twin 40L56 AA guns, may carry 5 infantry 2 Infantry stands
stands I MMC stand
Italian Artillery Units tTrained Morale f Weapons Company with;
Coastal Artillery Regiment with' I Command stand
I Command stand, I car I MMC stand
I Spotter stand I 75L12 Infantry gun0ll, I gun crew (dsl [j0
I StaII telephone waggon roundsI I limber(llll (20 rounds 75L12 shells)
3 Ammunition waggons (2 tons each) I Ecm mortar stand (ds) (i0 rounds)
I medium baggage waggon Support Company witii
2 horse drawn field kitchens I Pack mule stafftelephone stand
2 general supply waggons I Engineer stand
2 support stands Ist Bn 3rd Brandenburg Regiment with:
2 Batteries each with; HO Company with;
I I49Ll5 field gun, I gun crew stand {dsi 14 I command stand
rounds) | limber (4 rounds), I support stand I medium general supply waggonllll), I field
3 Batteries each with; kitchen(llli, I medium Ammunition truck {lll]
I 100LI6 howitzer, I gun crew stand (dsJ 16 {2 tons), I baggage waggon (lll), I support stand
rounds per gunl I limber 16 roundsl, I support 3 Infantry Companies each with;
stand I Command infantry stand
3 Batteries each withi 2 Infantry stands
| 7rL27 fteld gun, I gun crew stand {ds) tlo I Weapons stand
roundsl llimber(l0rolrndsl, I support stand Machine Cun Company with;
2 HearT AA Batteries with; I Command stand
i Command stand 3 MMG stands
I 75L27 AA gun, I gun crew stand (ds) (10 I 8cm nprtar stand (dsj (10 rounds)
rounds per gun) I medium trlck HeaW Company with
I Ljght AA Batteries withi I Engineer stand
I Command stand I 75L12 Infantry gun(lll, I gun crew stand lds)
2 20L65 AA guns, 2 gun crew stands {10 rounds) I limber(llll (20 roundsl
2 light trucks I 28/20 taper bore AT gun. I gun crew stand
All artillery units may be dug in with gun pits. 135 rounds)
GERMAN l2cm mortar platoon from Divisional assets
Elements of 22 Air Landing Division from XI withi
FliegerCorps under Lt Ceneral Mueller All trcops I l2cm moltar{ll)1, I gun crew stand {ds)r (3
Veteran, Morale 10. Numerals in brackets refer rounds), I medium truck(lll)r
 Luftwaffe contributioni all Veteran, Morale 8
I Squadron HelllH (4 planes)
I Squadrons lu87D leach 4 planes)
4 Squadrons Mel09G (each 3 planes)
4 Squadrons Ju52 leach 4 planesl: I plane car-
ries I stand Kriegsma.ine contingent;all Veteran,
Morale 8
2 Command stands {Beach/Landing control
officersl
7 support stands
5 Coasters; may carry 6 stands, 12 class I or I should issue written orders based on the infor-
class Il or 4 ciass lll vehicles & up to 50 tons of
supplies
Must use a dock to unload These vessels will
only be released once a poft has been captured.
2 Barges; may carry 6 stands. 4 class I or 2 class
ll or I class III vehicles & up to 20 ons. May land
on a beach.
6 Lighters; may carry 2 stands or 2 class Ior I
class ll vehicles or 8 tons. ['lay land on a beach.
The forces involved lend themselves admira-
bly to a multi-player game, Iour players to each
side. On the Aritish side, one player will com-
mand the Royal lrish Fusileers, another the 4th
BuIIs and a third the Kings Own, the player who
is Ariqadier 'l ilney $.ll corr rol lhe LRDC aqd SBS
as well as the artillery and naval assets and allo-
cate the companies oI the Royal west Kenls as
and when they affive. The cermans should also
have fourplayers. one will command allthe para-
trooperc and transpon aircraft, another will com-
mand the l/l Brandenburg Regiment and a thi.d
player will command the Kuestenjager. The
playerwho is L! General Mueller will control the
Luftwaffe, the beach control panies and will allo-
cate naval transpon as requjred. ldeally, neither
Brigadier Tilney nor Lt Cen Mueller should be
present in the same room as the battle, but
mation that they have received from theirsubor-
dinates.
PLAYING THE GAME
ll Time scale There are two distinct phases in
this campaign. The first is the placement of the
defenders and the use of aircraft to eliminate the
Allied artillery. The second phase is the actual
Ianding itseli
PHASE I:The British player se.retly notes
down on hiscopy ofthe mapthe positions ofeach
artillery battery and the Brigade HO other units
need not be noted just yet. once this has been
done, the cerman player has ten days of aerial
bombardment available to him. Each day, the
German player may use ihe entire He I I I squad-
.on on bombing missions and may use up to one
N4el0g gquadron on re(conaissan(e mi5sionc.
One aircraft may fly a maximum of one sortie a
day. The umpire calculates whether the
recconaissances have been successful, whether
they have flown into any anti aircraft fire and what
they have managed toreport back. Like\uise with
the bombing missions, the umpire calculates
their effect and informs the British player The
cerman player must fly a recce mission if he
wishes to know the damage.
At the end of ten days, oKw will have lost its
parien.e and will order lhe altack lo go in.
PHASE II: The lilst thing that all the players
willdo is decide on troop dispositionsand a gen-
eral plan. The British player may move any artil-
lery units which have vehicles remaining, the
Germanplayermustdecidewhoisgoinginwhat
\e.<el and \,here rhe pardlroopq wil)land.
The Cerman player has four days in which to
capture the isiand. Ifthe island takes longerihan
this to capture, the troops will not be available
to sealoff Zhitomir lwhich will be.eached bythe
Red Army about one week after this operation,
with consequential disastrous results
Each day is divided into three Operational
Tums, Moming from 04:00to 12r00, Altemoon lrom

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ulSA

-
Miniahrre Wargames July 1996
 wwtl
l2:00 to 20:00 and Night from 20:00 to 04;00. Or-
ders are required from each unjt for each Opera-
tional Tum. ll combat takes place, each turn is l5
minutes long. Should a battle ovefiun from one
Operational Tum to another, there are two op-
tiong, eitherfreeze the battle, write orders forall
the otherunits, then finish the baftle hopingthat
the requested reinforcements anive. Orfinish the
battle and then write orders for each other unit.
Since each player represents a battalion com-
mander, the transmigsion of orders should not
pose too much of a problem.
MOVEMENT CROUND TROOP: Each stand ot
infantry or vehicle has 16 movement points in
every Operational Turn except the Night turn,
when they only have I movement points. These
are spent crossing fiom one hexside to another
Different terrain will cost different amounts of
movement points as per the chart below.
Terrain Foot Wheels Tiacks Horse
Type Dravr'n
clear I t/2 12 I
Road In l/12 l/8 l/4
Broken Cround 2 4 4 4 tem has broken down and no-one can use the
l00m Contour +l +? +l +2
200m Contour +2 N/A N/A +4
UnderArtillery
lnterdictiofi +l +l/2 +l/2 +l
For example, a horse drawn field kitchen is
moving from hex Cl2 across broken ground up
to Monte Clio (hex ll2). The unit starts with 16
movement points. Movinginto H l2 costs 4 m.p.s.
Moving from Hl2 to ll2 costs 4 mps for broken
ground +2 mps for crossing the l00m contour +
4mps for crossing the 200m contour total cost
l0mps. The fieid kitchen has used up to l4 of its
16 movement points and is pretty much stuck
where it is. Note that to move from Il2 to ll3
would only cost4mps forbroken ground, because
there are no contour iines to cross.
AIRCRAFI: Each aircraft may fly one sortie per
dayli€ht Operational Tum The area of the mis-
sion, the nature of the mission and its altitude
must all be recorded before take-oft.lt takes one
hour to reload and refuel, half an hour to fly to
I-eros and halfan hourto fly back. All aircraft may
fly for45 minutes {ie make 3 consecutive passes)
overthe island before making the retum flight.
NAVALVESSELS: Barges and Lightersmove l4
sea hexes per Operational TUrn, Coasters may
move 22 hexes. Vessels may move into and dock
at a port at night, butthey ca.not beach at night-
Barges and Lighters take eight hours to iourney
from Leros to their home base, Coasters take 6
hours. lt takes /:hour to un/load allthe infantry
caried by a vessel,rrhourto un/load each vehj-
cle and r/: hour to un /load each ton ofsupplies.
These cannot be done sjmultaneously. CoasteF
must un/load at a dock. Portolargo and Leros are
theonlytwoports on the island.lfa port has been
bombed or shelled, count up the number ofhits.
Roll overthis totalon I D 10. lf you pass, the dock
equipmenthas not been affected, ifyou fail, dou-
ble all uMoading times. lf the number of hits -
I D l0 is over 12, treble all un/loading times. De-
stroyers may move up to 60 hexes each opera-
tional tum-
COMMUNICATION: As mentioned above, the
transmission of ordeF within a baftalion should
be relatively rapid. As each player (apart from
the commanders) plays a battalion commander,
most messages will rely on runners or field tel-
ephone. A runnercan travel I hex in l5 minutes.
For every 4 hexes that a runner has to traver to
deliveran ordet the receiving unit loses 2 move-
ment points in that OpeEtional Turn. Field tel-
ephones may be used up to 3 hexes away- Each
battalion may lie a maximum 7 hexes of tel-
ephone line from battalion HOto company HQs.
Each Iine cannotbe more than 3 hexes long. Mark
outthe telephone lines on the map. Delivery and
receiptoforders by telephone is automatic. Each
time that there is fighting within 2 hexes of the
line, roll I Dl0. Score underorequalto the length
of the line and it has been cut. Radio can reach
anlnirvhere on the island. Only Brigade HOs and
Battalion HQs possess ladios, companyand bat-
tery HQs do not.
SUPPLYT Because each player commands a
relatively small number of troops, I have been
able to introduce a silghtly more realistic supply
chain. Now you will see what those staff wallahs
are really made ol There are two types of supply
areas. The first is the supply point, which is re-
quired to feed the troops {see FOODlbelow the
second is the Supply Dump, which is necessary
for Fuel and Ammunition. A supply dump con-
tains stocks offloaded. It is also a vehicle depot.
A supply dump may only issue supplies if it has
support stands with it. Divide the number of tons
of supplies by I0 and .oll lDlO +3 pe. support
stand present. If the dice score is greater than
the tonnage, everything is fine and efficient. If
the dice score is less than the tonnage, the sys-
dl-rmp lorsupplies for the next OperationalTum.
FOOD: by the start of the Niglt Operational
Tum, every stand must be within 8 movement
points ol their parent supply point. A supply
point is made up ofthe unit s field kitchen, a gen-
eral supply vehicle and a support stand. If any
stand is out of supply of its field kitchen, in the
following MorningTum. Half its Movement altow-
ance, Reduce Morale by -l and Reduce firing by
-l - By the Afternoon Operational Turn, the stand
will have recovered. ln it's tum, a supply point
must be in supply ofthe nearest supplydump.lt
must be within 8 movement points of the dump
with road hexes counting as zero. lf the supply
point is out of supply, then it cannot itself sup-
ply others.
AMMUNITION: At the end ofevery Operational
Tum, check each stand to see if it has sufficient
ammunition. Large calibre weapons should have
theirown dedicated ammunition vehicles or lim-
bers. The numberin brackets at the side of each
vehicle note the number ofrounds canied bv the
weapon crew orthe resupply truck. As faras Am-
munition trucks kept at HQ are concemed, their
capacity is noted in tons. To convert hom tonsto
rounds is quite simply. A double sized gun crew
stand willcany one ton of ammunitjon atthe sran,
a normalsized gun crewstand ORadoublesized
monar crew stand, will carrvr/: ton ammunition.
Once a Large Calibre weapon runs out of ammu-
nition, it can no longerfire untjlitis replenished.
It takes I hour to load I ton of ammunition from
an ammunition truck to a gun crew stand.
For Small Calibre weapons and Small Arms. a
line ofsupply must be traced at the start of each
tum from the stand to the nearest supplydump.
A maximum of 8 movement points can be be-
tween the stand and the dump, but road hexes
count as zero. The line of hexes must be clear of
enemy troops. lf such a supply line cannot be
traced. the following effects appiy. First 4 hours,
no effect, second 4 hours, Small Caljbre weap-
ons 20mm or less and Weapons tands cease fir-
ing. Rifles and infantry stands-l to firing and -l
to morale.
1 ton of ammunition \r,/ill resupply 6 stands
which have run out ofSmall Calibre ammunition.
FUEL: Fuel supply willfollowthe same rule as
forsmall calibre ammunition. The vehicle in ques-
tion must be within 8 movement points ofa sup-
ply dump lroad hexes count as zero).lfa vehicle
is out ol supply, it rolls lDlo. The scorc is the
number of movement points it has for the Op-
erational turn, orthe numberofgame tum moves
it has before it runs out of fuel and stops com-
pletely. I ton of fuel from a supply truck will
resupply four halted vehicles.
REINFORCEMENTS: Both sides will receive
reinforcements durinC the course of the game.
The British player will rcceive 2 companies 2nd
Bn Royal west Kents on the Night tuin of Day |.
These will debark at Leros town. The destroyer
transports will depart immediately unloading has
finished, they do notwantto be Ieft atthe mercy
of the Luft\vaffe. On the Night turn of Day 2, a
further company of 2nd Bn RwK will anive- This
time, HMS Echo and HMS Belvoir will remain for
the duration. If one ofthem is hit, both willwith-
draw ftom the game.
The cermans have enouCh transport to cany
one battalion at a time. They will get no extra
fightjng troops and must rely on their transports
surviving the first landing, turning round and
fetching the other battalion. once a port, either
Lerostown orPortolargo, has been captured, the
Kriegsmarine will release S coasters loadedwith
supplies and vehicles- They wjll arrive during the
day as required.
FICHTINC THE ENEMY:The mapscale is I hex
to 18" of table top, the spotting rules for com-
mand decision will apply. The maximum range
for spoftinC is o0 or I hexes. Any stands moving
in the open at this range are pretty much auto-
matically spotted. It is up to the umpire todeter-
mine who sees who. The player doing the spot-
ting will be informed, of course, but not neces,
sarily the player who has been spotted!
use the map to set up the battlefield, use
plenty ofscrub. Rough ground arcas have numer-
ouswadisand gullies (likereadymadetrenches,
which is iust as well, because the ground is so
stony, digging is almost impossible). Clear hexes
should have a smallfarm houseand maybesome
olive groves and lots of dry stone walls. The um-
pire shou ld be able to determ ine where the vari-
ous troops set up, whether any reinforcements
arrive and from what direation and the availabil-
ity of air cover
Both sides have a tough problem. The British
do not really have enough troops to be every-
where on the island at once and must try and
defend the beaches and ports as best they can.
Nor are they panicularly mobile. They will be
hampered byairattacks. The cermans, although
outnumbered initially, should be able to gain at
least a local superiority.
In the actual fight, the Germansdivided up the
amphibious force into two landing groups, East
and West. Westwas driven oIt by the bofors guns
being used in an anti shipping role and this
caused the airdrop planned for that day to be
aborted- The eastern task force was successful,
landing in crifo Bay, Palma Bay and north of
Bianca Point capturing the castle and Monte
Vedetta. The next day, ?34 Brigade reserve,
mounted in jeeps, went storming offin a counter
attack a few hours before the paratroops finally
landed nearRachi Ridgeand Western Task Force
landed at cuerna bay. The pa.as landed on top
of the Royal lrish, dispersed their attacks, cap-
tured Rachi Ridge and went on to storm Monte
Meraviglia. This sounds like it was a walk over for
the Cermans, it was not. The ltalians defended
thekpositions bravely and the British fought very
well indeed, it just wasn t quite enough.
SOURCES:
Fire Venllres, Ch ristopher Buckley, HMSO Book
t97?
Stoming Eagles, cer'tan Nrfrone Foft.s of World
W4r Ttoo, Iames Lucas, Arms E Armour Press 1988
l
The Saoul Wor War, vol V, Closb g The Rlng,
Winston Churchill, Cassel 6 Co 1954
l4hdlhg Operaalofis, Dr Alfred Vagts, Mj litary Serv-
ice Publishingco 1946
Cot,ntd'r'.d Dalsloh Vol2, Frank Chadwick, cDW
ts92
Miniature Wargames No. 158
..THOSE
ARE REGULARS, BY GOD!'':
The Battle of Chippewa, 5th July 1814, Part 2
Arlhur Harman

Umpires'Notes
This game is primarily concemed with the prob- BATILE of CHIPPEWA #1
lems ofleadership, command and control under CNfPEWA
fire, and personal survival. The Umpires task is
to create an appropriate atmosphere for the play- ridl ru Chirtesr Cr..li .. 3:J0F
ers, ratherthan to wony unduly about exactly how
many infantrymen fallto a particular volley - the
olficers themselves might, subjectto the ddfting
/4:.',' s'.
-1.ua'' -/
powder-smoke, have some impression of the RIAI-LIS ADVANCE
casualties their unjt was suffering, but would be
mo.e aware of the sudden death orwounding of . I fl ,l4
a comrade beside them, or of a close shave as a
ball plucks off a cap or an epaulette, and this is .,X'-ffiffi"T
I f l t*ao tYo ol , rno" 'icotn *ttun
.+ \
the gort of feedba(k the players must be given
Players must bewamed thatthe informationthey '
a

'U ' i,]^ ,f ,i

will receive js subiective, limited by their indi-
vidualviewpoint on the battlefield, and that it is
forthem to deduce, based on the evidence avail-
^"
able, whethertheir men s morale is steady or on
the point of collapse.
The rules below, therefore, are mainly guidelines

tUft
for'free kriegsspiel . to be adapted - or ignorecll
- in the heat of the moment as the Umpires see
fit. Formal systems, however, are given to deter-
mine the lates of individual players, to remove
capNNR.p,ssp_N__J
\ ;\ \**
any accusations of partiality and to suggest ap-
propriate feedback to created the desired atmos-
phere.
r
t
t \*
*"#":;JJl\*",*
dlt€ anl Fdt
c8!q lo ads stoE
rc@e'D
\ {\ \-
Movement
\ It i-A
.r-

ffi[i \
The parade-ground rates ofmarch, with which all
officea would be familiar, are shown on the play-
..'+ Y;-n:6.@D'ld'd
,-^^',*+rt!--'a4
ers'Tactical Proformae, as are anticipated times
\ + \ ,. /et"
for formation changes. The Ijmpires should al- ^
ways downgrade these rates by about 50% to re-
flect theterrain impeding the men s progress, the
confusion caused by fear, smoke and noise pre-
venting orders being heard or understood
i ;i l* "l\nn 1lri;'**
clearly, and the tactical situation - stragglers mak-
ing their way to the rear blocking the path of a
tresh unit cominC up, for erample - by thmwing
dice to discover the actual distance covered, o.
i \ I i1i,tty1
the number of turns to complete a change offoF
mation. The players must, ol course, deduce their
units' progress from observation of the batde-
field dispiay, and should never be told that an
order has been executed orgone unheard in the
T
r.,
T
i, .l
.
llll-aa.t....tl
I
. ,1..1;
tr ofl
///
E
//
dds' PcF

conluslon. IptrrER'sMrLrrL{ I'

Morale
At Chippewa both sides advanced steadfastly
towards each other before exchanging volleys
ofmusketry, supported by artillery fire, atclose
range in a mannea reminiscent of the l8th cen-
tury engagements. On this occasion the British
officers were unable to get thejr men to close
with the bayonet, perhaps because the Ameri-
cans were deliberately picking them oft: of the
fourteen officers of the l00th Foot, for example,
onLy three survived the "dreadfuland destruc-
tive fire" unwounded. lf the Umpires wish the
wargame to recreate the historicaL events, they
need only rule thatthe British refuse to advance
the last few yards to cross bayonets, but be-
come embroiled in a firefight from which they
+ - ///
I /)
,t't 4
I
I z
will retreatwhen the casualties equal orexceed
those suffered in the original action. Alterna.
Musketry
tively, they may care to alter history by allow. Allthe Umpires need do is determine the number
ing the redcoats to charge, provided that their of men brought down, killed or wounded, by a
commaoding officers are still on the lield to volley. only hils on players characlers require
encou€ge them- ln reality, both Tweeddale and further detail. The simplest method of doingthis
Cordon, who were mounted and made good is to throw ld6 for each platoon {half companyl
targets, were hitand had towithdrau which may firingavolley and regard the scoreas the number
partialty explain their men's failure to charge rendered hors de combat. where several com-
home. panies orwhole battalions are firing, eitheithrow

Miniature Wargames July 1996

 NAPOLEOMC
Bilish ind A.neriahs Ex.hange Fie. l5nm Bottle Hotloun lqures painted
the appropriate number of dice or muhiply the
score of one die by the number of platoons. 1I
troops are firing by platoons or at will, assume
that they will fire three volleys per tum for the
first three turns, and two volleys per turn there-
after lt is well known that only a very small per-
centage of musket balls fired in baftle hit anv-
one, andthatone man might be hit by more than
one ball, so this simpie mechanism shouro rec-
reate the random nature of musketry admjrably.
Simple modifiers, reflectinC the effect of ran€e,
smoke and fatigue can be added or subtracted
to the dice scorc. For example, a unit's first vol-
ley,when all the men's muskets had been loaded
carefully before baftle and fired when its vrsron
$as not obscured by powder smoke from previ-
ous volleys, was its most effective, so should at-
tract a bonus of 2-3 casualties per platoon firing.
Conversely, in a battalion that had engaged in a
prolonged exchange of musketry the men would
be tired - thus more likely to make mistakes in
the loading procedure - their muskets fouled by
powder residue and their flints becoming wo.n,
resulting in both a slower rate of fire and morc
misfires, so fewercasuahies, perhaps a reduction
of I-2 perplatoon firing. The use ofbuckshot and
ball at Chippewa by the Americans to increase
the casualties from their volleys might attract a
bonus of I per platoon- Long ran€e - anything
over 50 yards/paces - mightgive a reduction oI l-
2 per olatoon.
bU t2s Rothery. photo1raphA bU Richard Ellis.
Only when players perconal characters are in
danger, say when three ormore men in a platoon
adjacent to them are struck, need the Umpires
throw additional dice and consult the Officers
Wound Table to determine the details of their
fate.
A platoon, or larger body of troops, which fires
during a turn can be identjlied by placing a cot-
ton wool smoke cloud to its front. Unless they
have been ordered to charge immediately after
fiing, the men will be presumed to have re-
loaded and will be able to fire agajn the follo&
ing turni if the troops orders prevent them ftom
reloadinga red countershould beplaced behind
them to show that they are unloaded. Reloading
may only be done while a unit is stationary and
not engaged in hand to hand combat.
Artillery Fire
The speed with which turns must be adjudicated
to maintain an acceptable rate ofplay precludes
calculating the flight of each shot by means of
the system derived from Rohne's range-finding
game and described in my article 'Tricky,
Trundlin Roundshot" (Miniature Wargames I19,
April 1993). At Chippewa the anillery pieces were
firing over open sights at close or point-blank
runge for most of the action, so the longitudinal
deviation ofthe point of first graze is not particu-
larly significant. Mackonochie remarked that the
artillery never had "a fai.er opportunity ofdoin€
execution among tbe Enemy's ranks" than at
Chippewa,whileScottreportedthatthe'enemy's
batteries were admirably served." Nor need the
Umpires concern themselves greatly with lateral
deviation, since they willbe dealing with the fire
of batteries of detachments of guns, not indi-
vidual pieces. lt will suffice if each artillery com-
mander nominates an enemy battalion, squad-
ron orbatteryas histarget, it being assumed that
the point of aim is the centre of the unit's front.
The Umpire need only determine whether a shot
strikes a file, ora file adjacentto, one ofthe player
characters by dicing for the lateral deviation as
described below:
Lateral Deviation 0f Roundshot
Th.o* 2dl0 per gun, and total the scores,
0r The shot strikes the centre file ofthe target.
Even numbers represent files countingoutwards
from the target to the RICHT. Thus a score of 2
means that the file immediately to the right of
the tar€et is hit.
Odd numbers represent files counting outwards
from the target to the LEF[. Thus, a score of 3
meang the shot strikes the file immediately to
the left of the target.
NB: Where artillery detachments are the point of
aim, assume I file equivalent to 2.5 feet or I pace,
Miniature Wargames No. 158
Bitish fdll ba(k in disorder. l Smn figu/es bA Battle
in whatever grcLrndscale is being used for pur-
poses ol findin€ the point of impact.
Horse Reaction Table
lf a ball passes within five files of a Field or Staff
of{icer's mount, whether in front, behind or be-
tween its legs, throw one normal die (d6):
SCORE REACTION
I Horse startled, tums 90 degrees left
2 Horse startled, turns 90 degrees right
3 Horse turns about
4 Horse shies, backing up 3 files this tum and
then remaining rooted to the spotfor2 turns
before being brought back under control
5 Horse rears on spot for 3 tums before being
brought back under control
6 Horse panics and gallops away from the di-
rection ofthe shot, changing direction ifnec-
essary, for 3 turns before bein€ brought back
undercontrol, at a speed of l5 files pertum.
Horse Wound Table
If Field or Staff of{icer and his mount are in the
line ol flight of a roundshot, and the officer has
not been wounded, throw one normal die ld6):
SCORE RESUNS
I Near miss, refer to Ho6e Reaction Table
above
2 Hit in leg, collapses but riderhas time to djs-
mount
Miniature Wargames July 1996
Ho outs painled bA ]'rs Rolhent.'frees by K&M Modek. Pholagraph bg
3 Hit in body, collapses but rider has time to
dismount
4 Hit in body, falls heavily, trapping rider for
l0 tums until pulled free
5 Hit jn head, drops instantly, throwing rider
who remains stunned for 6 turns
6 Hit in head, drops instantly, falling so heav-
ily on riderthat he is cafiied insensible from
the field
N8r lf an officer is wounded in the leg, the horse
automaticallysufiers a body wound, as for a throw
of 4 above.
Officers Artillery Wound Table
Ifany personality figure is hit by roundshot, throw
ldlo and read o[J his fate from the table below:
SCORE RESUUS
I Head knocked to atoms by ball; killed in-
stantly
2 Hit in belly: mortally wounded and suffers a
lingering death, but beats the agonising
pain v,,ith the customary fortitude of an of-
ficer and a gentleman
3 Hitin chesyshoulder: mortally wounded b!t
able to utter suitably gallant and uplifting
l0
sentiments bef ore expiring
4 Leg {that nearest to enemyi otherwise dice
odds/evens to determine lef/right) smashed,
bome from the field in a blanket to the sur-
Ri.ha Ellis.
geons (note that a mounted officels horse
is also wounded, see Horse wound Table
above)
Arm (determined as for leg, above)shanered
above elbow: forced to ride or walk slowly
from thefield, assisted byan aide,tothesur-
geons to undergo immediate amputation,
but able to make encouraging parting re.
marks to the troops
Arm (determined as for leg, above)smashed
belowthe elbowrableto remain on the field
foranother ld6 minutes, before €oing slowly
to the surgeons to undergo amputation
Knocked from hoase/down by a glancing
blow: stunned and severely bruised; and
unable to recoler before the close the ac-
tion blrt suffers no permanent injury
Knocked from horse/down by the wind of a
passing shot: stunned for ld6 minutes, but
then able to recover; however, wili remain
shaken so that it will take twice as long to
bring mount back undercontrol should it be
staitled {refer to Horse Reaction Table,
above)
The wind of a passing ball pluck off the of'
ficer's hat: an opportunity to impress the
troops with his sang froid
A roundshot whizzes close by: the officer re_
mains unperturbed, but his horce's reaction
must be tested {see Horse Reaction Table,
 N'FOLEONIC

Non-Played Characters,/Other
Ranks Wound Table
Where a body of troops is deemed to be in the
BATTLE ofCI PPEWA #2
line offlight ofa roundshot the Umpire throws a
nofinal die forfigures at risk, starting with the fig-

t'ur""t*l+"tN
ure nearest to tle enemy, increasingthe diescore ' YA{tts

4'"','
by I on the second throw 2 on the third, dno so
on, until a figurc escapes iniury, whereupon no
furtherfigures are deemed to be in danger, read-
ing offthe results from the table below:
SCORE RESULI
i-3 Killed or mortally woundedi gun or limber
wrecked; limber explodes il hit by howitzer
shell
4-6 Severely woundedi Cun or limber unseftice-
+
able for Id l0 turns - only tell players it must
be repaired i-?:7lNF,.",DRAcoo\E
7+ Unscathed | r |tl
x*.,*,#:'*'* -l]:; _ _ '*" _.\ I
NB:lf a roundshot strikes a file adiacent to a play- r_jll__:_r
4
ers personality figu.e, the Umpire may care to
use the Officers Wol.rnd Table to generate suit-
ably gory details to create atmosphere: "Tfie ser-
geant nexl to gqu has hB head takel[ oll bq a balli blood
\.:..;;\il$::- I I \\
splalle$ all owr Aou, ruirling gour u^ito/m and tempo-
railg blindidg gou lor the next turn.
l"".rrEryr."\\ a----
Case-Shot t^f-;;;;:ffi;ffi
vr'-r'a
--.H*.
BATlDRY
riD Lrlcol:{
The simplest way to determjne casualties from t. t"1rf
case-shot is to construct a template, to the
ground-scale ot the battletield display, showin€ *"ro -"^.'
the spread ofshotand to dice foreach figure that
falls under the template when held at the nruz-
zle of the piece firing. An example, based upon - :Lii),,\ t :;
the figures in Von Scharnhorsfs'Results ofArtil-
leryand Infantry Cun Trials (translated and pub-
ljshed by Bill Leeson). shows the percentage of i' ,{,:,'| I!' /-/i E@4,.bert 6e
hits that could be exDected within each zone- lt ,. x
willsufficetothrowa dl0 for each fi€ure until the
total score equals the percentage shown in that -l t t/t!."'
l;" I
n6r rdh rtE{t ro.d!

zone of the template, whereupon no further fig-

ures can become casualties, but those diced for
are deemed dead or too badly inj!.ed to take
any further part in the action. The fates of player
charaders must be resolved using the table be-
Offfceis Case ShovMusketry Wound Thble
Throw ld I0 for player charactersl
I Shot in the head and killed instantaneously
2 Mo(ally wounded, but remains congcious
lon€ enough to utter some inspiring/poign-
ant last words before expiring
3 Severely wounded and must be bome from
the field to the surgeons in a blanket by six
men
4 Lightlywounded in the arm ldiceoddyevens
for left/right) and stunned fortwotunrs;can
remain in the field thereafter, binding up
wo!nd with sash/handkerchief, but must eo
to the rear if hjt again
5 Struck by a spent ball and stunned tempo-
rarily for one tum
6 A narrow escapel Ball plucks off cap/epau.
lette, or bounces off beltplate/gorgetwatch/
.ation biscuit in pocket etc.
7+ Unscathed
Officels $ho are stunned may not €ive or teceive
orders and are unable to defend themselves in
hand to had combat.
Personal Action Cards
Each tum every player must display one or more
cards to inform the Umpires how his personal
character is acting; if no card is displayed the
Umpires \rill agsume that a Field Otticer is re-
maining at his post with his unit, and that a Staff
Officer is stationary.
Players may choose from the following list of ac-
tions:
ORDERT displayed by Staff Officers who are writ-
ing orders/messages and by Field Officers wno
are giving verlcal orders by shouting or via musi-
I
t
,t
I' ^ll
cians on the Tacticai Prcforma
MOUNT/DISMOUNT: may be displayed by any
mounted officer
ENCOURACE MEN: thiscard representsthe mak-
ing of grandiloquent gestures - waving nars,
swords or.iding crops - or impromptu speeches
(players may write down the lafter and hand them
to the Umpires, who will decide their morale-
boosting effect by arbitrary 'gut.reaction !,
DR|VE MEN FORWARD: physically forcing the
troops forward by belabouring them with the flat
ofone's sword - all very well lor "the scum for the
earth" but hardly acceptable to freebom citizens
of a democratic republicl
RIDE FORWARD/LE FT/RIC HT
MARCH FORWARD/LE FT/RIC HT
RUN FORWARD/LEFI/RI6HT
TURN ABOUT: may be displayed by both
mounted officers and those on foot
DRAW SWORD
I \.-.
r,I \*.....:
'4
I
{
CARRY OFF: an order to the nearest men to bear
a wounded officerto the rear
COMBAT: rush forwand to engage in hand to hand
fighting, possibly personal combat wjth an op-
posing player's character (Thig can be resolved
by playing 'Paper, Scissors, Stone' against the
opponent, or an Umpire in the case of a non-
played character, with the first to lose three
rounds being killedhortally woundedj a survi-
voi who has lost twice is gravely wounded, and
one who lost only once is lightly wounded).
Tactical Report Cards
Whenever a unil comeg under enemy fire, or is
engaged in close combat, the Umpires mustgive
the playercommanding it some idea ofthe casu.
alties and troops' reaction. The easiestway to do
this isto prepare cards with suitably atmospheric
phrases which can be issued at the end of any
turn. The tdck is to write a great number ofthese

Miniature Wargames No. 158

 'Amateurs, To Armsl Colonel lohn Elting, Chapel
Hill, 1992
BATTLE of CFIPPEWA #3 'A,Hislory olThe British Armq' Vol. 8 I.w Fonescue
'The Ratlle of Luda\ hne' DonaldE. Craves, Nau-
tical t, Aviation Publishing company of America,
199)

/4*'
/ .zl' N
'Taali6 a d Grand Tactics of the Naponeoti. Wars'
Ceorge Jeffrey, The courier Publishing co. Inc.,
19a2
'The Ameir'a wr/ l8l2-lSl4 Philip Katcher &
| '1t \\\ t Bryan Fosten, Osprey Men At Arms Series 226,
1990

-I I *r. "r""* ** 'PntuAl Field 0l"lhe wdr df l8l2' Benson

T
Rooh t-
-u
.l^'brldsebF.rdF*t! L,ossing, Harper 6 Erothers, New York, 1868

I i , ,1 '* r. \\ ''lhe war ol 1812' lohn K. Mahon, University of

,'H-\\ \*","
Florida P.ess, I972
'lhe lJnited states Canba' An lllustrated Historg'
Oregory Ur, in E Ernest Reedstrom, Blandford,

''"""**tt**-:M { t983
"l he tJnit"d States l^f anbA I A^ lllust/ated Histary | 7 75 -

o"
ll \r 1\F'-'-"'"*(
*-g'%}h:,.iffi**
l9l8 CregoryUr$,in & Darby Erd, Blandford, 1988
'Histtry of'f he United states AafiV' Russel F. weigley,
Batsford, 1968
".),"
"f\^ Tactical Proforma
ffi"*"';li:i^*.H.5,.$t-:
ErE
i'" l'"*-*-*n-
To be completed eachtum by Field Olticers com-
manding Battalions, Squadrons or Batteries, and
also by Staff Officers commanding such units in
---....'[-]--..
* - -s:ttiil*."
person

" HI'""JLff
shdDo aa{i! aLlie & RATES OF MARCH
INFANTRY:
ordinary Step 25 yards per minute
l. I r/ Ouick Step 33 yards per minute

| ^. ,|/ti'-!-, OuickesV

\
l{.^,..^K":
-\l,Zri" i
Cha.ge
CAVALRYI
Walk
Step
lmaximuml
40 yards per

Trot I 50 yards per minute

100
minute

yards per minute

a._.- ti' o'" o'",ooi[^l*

!
_-\
-'--- i|'a'r .r'.'.-rrFr Drvrslor
ORDERS
.--- .___'"1..
-
.i
,
Tick one movement order only, remembering that
nrn ey r rma!,"r;:- 4 \...-"' L
zro us formation changes may take more than one tum.
Units will continue to carry out orders until
+ achieved, rendered impossible or counter-
mancleo,
.t
HALT
{ ADVANCE at Ordinary Step Ouick SteP
I Ouickestcharge Step
wHEEL COLUMN through 90 degrees
I COLTJMN to LINE on LEFT FLANK
I COLUMN to LINE on RICHT FLANK
COLUMN to LINE AHEAD
I COLUMN of DTVISIONS to LINE
I COLUMN OfATTACK tO LINE
LINE to COLUMN Of DIVISIONS
LINE to COLUMN of AfiACK

,,"t LINE to OPEN SOUARE

DEPLOY SKIRMISHERS
RECALL SKIRMISHERS
FIRE by VOLLEYS
cards so that individual players are unlikely to oured to summarise events in a seties of three FIRE at WILL
receive the same card twice in a game. The fol- diagrams andwould referreaders to the works of CEASE FIRE
lowing examples should suffice to give the idea: Befton, Fortescue, Graves and Lossing Listed FIX BAYONETS
''T he bottalion naeives a t)olley al .lose rar'ge. Mang nen below. Donald E. c.avess book, the most recent CHARCE
in the lront nnk ldll, but the refiainder close up and re- on the subiect, is undoubtedly the best source, HALT
lufti tit. wilh a will. OnlA a lew slnaqlc\ make lheir wa\ but L,ossings na.rative contains much anecdotal ADVANCE
lo lhe rear" detajl that could usetully be incorpoEted in this UNLIMBER
""lhe ne arc lalling npidla. A,tnidst the povdet-smoke t'?e ofgame. LIMBER
gou catl see small groups holdinq their qtuu^d, Ioadi^q CHANOE TARGET
afid ftli^q their muskets, but too manv me arc bleaking
Sources
LOAD E FIRE BALL
nnks and lalling ba.k.. ." 'Flanet loossThe furdet l8l3-l8l4' Pierre Berton,
LOAD E FIRE CASE SHOT
''The baltalion has lost all tomatio, a^dis letiing dis- i Penguin Book Canada Ltd., 1988
LOAD E FIRE SPHERICAL CASE SHOT (CB ONIY}
o er tom the field. onla a lew men, plote.linq the.ol 'War Alol/,gThe Niaga'LssaVs on theWar ol18l2 ahd
ou's, rcmain sleadai most arc mahi g their own waV 14 Its Lega.a' edited R. Arthur Bowler, old Fort HALT
the rcar as rcpidlA as the| .a , some ol lhem dixa in| Niagara Association, l99l ADVANCE at
WALK TROT
thet knapsaehs atd fircloehs. ..
'-lhe Lioh t
TheUniaam'The Anglo-Aneicinwar l8l2- CHARGE
l8l5' Kate cafhey, Andre Deutsch, 1978 RALLY
Historical Acount 'rJniloflks and Equipment ol the United Slates For@s itl FORM LINE
Rather than conclude this article with a lengthy Tr€wdrof l8l2 Rene chartrand, Old Fort Niagara FORM COLUMN
account of the original battle, I have endeav- Association Inc., 1992 THREES ABOUT (for rapid retreatl

itiniaEre Wargames July 1996

 ACW

..RAID 25 mrn Vallant Mltrlqtures Union Troops defend srapplg

AT CRYER'S avalry WifiJaA 6V Pre-

ilepot agalhst Essex | 5mm rebel
mief E/tpie, Bui/dlfr.gs 69 the ftiniature ar.hite.t,
^frees bU Kt M |[[odeL. Photogruphg bg Richa Ellis.

LANDING'' ries ofwooden supply sheds, a wagon park, stack-

by D R Justice
Background
As the American Civil war progressed the Union,
with its massive resources in men and marenal
had continually drained rhe Confederate armies
of it's ability to wagewarofthem, driving the rebet
forces funher and funher south. This obviously,
further reduced the rebels own manufacturing,
agriculture and manpower, along with the over-
all effect of threatening the very existence ofthe
new Confederacy. This was, of course, the over,
all plan ofthe lrnion commander, ceneralcrant
and President Lincoln. The capture of the Con-
federate capital Richmond was second only in
their strategy to the destruction of the reoer ar-
mies in the field.
This had been achieved to a very great degree,
but the Confederate commander Ceneral Lee,
had proved to be an exceptional field com-
mander and with his hard pressed a.mies, were
making the task of Crant's armies very difficult
indeed. Grant's te..itodal gains were vast but so
too were his difficulties Crant suffered the price
of these gains by having very lengthy lines of
supply. It is true that this was made very much
easier by the vast railroad network and the con-
trcl ofthe ma,orrivers, but more difficulties were
encountered in supplying the many small garri-
sons nearto the enemy but away from these ma-
jor supply routes. Smaller supply depots were
established alongthese routes and these in turn
fed the localgarrisons. Here again, the confeder-
ates had a measu re of success in disruptingthese
Ijnes of supply and communications with roving
bands ol mounted raiders.ltis one ofthese raids
that we look at in this scenario.
Union Brief
At a bend in the Union controlled Red River. a
landing stage and smallsupply depot had been
conslrucred lo supply lhe various smallgarrisons
in the surroundin€ area. This consisted of a se-
ing area, baftacks building and a total of 1,600
men. Supplieswere Ianded here from boats then
onto wagons, then escorted to the needy garri-
sons. The depot was surrounded by a snakerail
fence and areas of the woods had been cleared
back from this fence to help prevent surprise at-
tack should itcome. Guard/picket postswere set
up around the depotand one I2lb napoleon can-
non sited alongthe road were the only delences.
The union commander ColonelWren, was an ex-
cellent quartermastei buthad neverheld a fight-
ing unitcommand. Hjsmen were trained, but not
batde experienced, of course there was little
chance of attack here so far behind Union linesl
Confederate brief
The Civil War gave many exaggerated romantic
accounts of rebel cavalry raiding railroads and
supplies causing havoc and tying down thou-
sands of Union men in the process. In part this
has some truth, Nathan Bedford Foffest lor ex-
ample, but the reality in the majority of cases,
was that these were bands of thieves and
chancers held together by a strong minded or
strong willed leaderwho by previous social sta,

Miniature Wargames No. 158

 rh

q
i 4n

4 Ylt, Y'
MKMM cJ
S'" /) -^
\1

jt R'
t2
- /'\
{ /;\
\:./ A
\:
1l
Y.,.^
Rafta"s
mmmm sk.ft",t aot ,
B""a'
8@@@@@@ n
xQ

"The Raid at Cryers Landing"

tus orsome other means, took command. These
bands operated underthe guise ofconfederate
soldiers, but tittle if any of their spoils ever
reached the Confederate covemment. I don't
wish to be unfai.as many ofthese bands did cer-
tainly sympathise with the southem cause, but
manydidn't.Itis iust one band such asdescribed
that we dealwith here.
A failed plantation owner, tethro Cane, seized
the opportunity at the outbrcak ofwar to gather
around him some ex workers and local cut-throats
and ope.ated loosely as Confederate Cavalry,
looting, buming, destroying, killing not only were
the Unionists the targets of these raids. As his
successes becane common knowledge, so too
did his reputation and others came to ioin his
band {regimentl. As most ofthe south was short
of tust about everything you wish to mention he
moved hisoperations more northwherethe pick-
in€s were richei easierand they had the yankee
dollar, which he much prefe[ed to the worthless
conlederate money.
After much active campaigning, his regiment
consisted of40O mounted men, shortofsupplies
and always looking to his pocket, he decided to
raid the depotat "Cryerc tanding". Ariving dur.
ing da*ness he deployed his men, stillmounted,
in four groups inside the woods. His plan, to at-
tack at dawn in the early moming mist and so
gain an element of sutprise. One group to attack
directly towards the barrack building and act as
a diversion, whilst the remaining groups attacked
thestorage sheds, load the wagons and get away
with as much booty as possible.
Wargaming The Scenario
Union
The forces at your disposal, arc 80 figures, all
trained and amed v/ith rifled muskets. For the
purpose of moral, I sug€est tlat these be allo'
cated into groups, depending on the rules you
are using. They should be deployed as follows:
2 figures each to each Picket Post.
48 figures in the badacks building
20 figures in the storage sheds.
Confederate
Your forces consist of 20 mounted figures armed
with muzzle Joading carbines, all arc average.
Deployment is in fourCroups of 5 figures in posj'
tions marked on the map A, B C and D.
General
Onty tie banacks building may be occupied to
fight from. {storage sheds have no windows and
are therefore unsuitable). One full tum mustpass
before the Union troops in the banack building
can exit. The Union l2lb napoleon cannot oper-
ate as heavy mist prevents its use until tum 6- A
dice roll should be made to see ifthe Union pick-
ets sight Conlederates on foot (Any mounted
movement is automatically heard). At the first
shot fired, the whole union force is alerted. Con'
IedeGtes need to hold the wagon park for one
complete turn before wagons can be used, also
each storage shed must be held for one tum be-
fore loading ofwagons may commence.
vY E,
The Confederates need to hold at least one stol-
a€e shed and the wagon park for one complete
tum to win. The Union have to prevent rhis.
Figures Availability
Best suited to ISmm or 25mm figures widely
avajlable. Rules are as you prefer, butsome very
slight adjustment rnay be needed.

MiniatuE Wargames July 1996

 FIGURE & GAME REVIEW - Chris Scott
25mm American Civil War Figures
Valiant Miniatures, ]9. Hamilton Cres(ent,
Hamworthy, Poole, Docet BH l5 4ET
down to set a piece feature these roadways look
excellent. SEI claim to produce historically accu,
rate scenery and hopefully this v/ill mean an end
tothe ubiquitols timber frame house, but I have
not seen samples yet. The foldover catalogue
Iooks very impressive with such ima€ination -
stirdng descriptions as'Dave's House-mildly
nuked' or'Jumbled the hut - obliterated Russian
Frontcabin .....and theyofferspecialistfeatures
for particular battles such as the cranary at
softv,/are-aided sculpting processes will help
them aim at emulating the best in metals rather
than s€ttling forequalljngthe quality status quo
in plastics, then I am sure they would be in for
great success and could revolutionige this hobby
...1wonder?
25mm Napoleonic Figures

tr&
Falcon Figures, ?4, The Causeway, Chippenham,

Pd
Essling, Borodino Church, Thompson's House ar
Gettysbur€, and many others. Complete battle-
field sets arc available forabout$75 and the price

what good faces on these Valiant ACw men;the
beardies are coming. Even the fresh faced and
callow youths with no manhood toomamenttheir
chins look Iike characteE rather than the usual
bland expressionless soldiers we have come to
accept. There is onegrizzled veteran, in a slouch
hatturned up at the front, thumbing his lock, who
looks as if he ought to be on pjcquet in kont of
any encampment. Just the sort of mean, keen-
eyed, critter to shoot a geneml riding in without
the passwordl This level of detail contin ues ocnr
the way down the figures to include sritching
aiound the patches on the knees ofthe trousers
and thonging around the sleeping blanket. The
poses are mostly from period prints but the fir-
ing position is a concern thougl. lust look at the
photograph and try that lean yourself without
topplingover I did and held it for a few seconds,
but when I picked up my India pattem Bess the
weight was really too much. Shame - | can see
whattheyare going for, but itdoesn'tqujte work.
Nor does the kneeling giant whose eyeline is
level with other figures' armpits. Still you have
heard me carp about that anomaly from many
other manufacturers. These 25s sell for 50p each
and are obtainable at most shows. Otherwise
drop valiant a line and I am sure they would be
only too happy to send you lists and p8p de,
ralls.
Terrain Features l5mm & 20mm
Scenic Effects Inc, PO Box 332, Point Richmond,
c49480? - Ot332, USA
for the roads range from l5'ofroadwayfor$lt5
to a four pie(e supplement set for Sl5; there is
even a complete trampled wheatfield'for$5. The
roadway sets are dirty, city street orcobbled with
varying sizes {len€ths and widths}, featu.es
lcrossroads, forks, straigit curves etc...) and com-
positions oflayout. These terrain 6eatures are not
cheap but they are excellent quality and avail-
able in both the USA and UK. t have a feeline
that | (ould be on the brink ot rhrowing my olJ
road systems away and starting again with Sce.
nic Effects lnc-
20mm Horse & Musket Figures
HaT lndustrie, PO Box 50284, Bellvue, WA 980t5-
0284. USA
This is a new toy soldiercompany producing plas-
tic I /72"d scale for gaps i n the market left by other
manulacturers. We have been sent samples of
their first set, the Emporer's Mamelukes and al-
ready they are working on Napoleonic Prussian
Dragoons, the British Rocket Troop of l8l5 and
ACW Union Zouaves. The stated eoal is to offer
S€€tF
%x':.{qd' \t1-
Wiltshire SNl5lDB. 01249 654413.
A very interesting set of somewhat familiar Brjt-
ish Peninsular riflemen arived rccently from the
ever-industrious Barry Hill.I have an officerwear-
ingwhat look like a cavalry swoad and a sergeant
touting a multj.barrelled musket with his aaker
slung overhis back. Although the detajl isn't crisp
enough, or my eyesight not powerful enough, to
distinguish the white tape armbands, I am sure
the other three are 'chosen men'. I am not sure
about the pretty predictable Falcon reloading
posture with its short ramrcd, but the animation
is good, especially as one of these chosen men
is apparently creeping forward through some sort
of scaub teffain with all the shll of an ex-game-
keeper, despite the hea\ry pack. The undresscap
worn by the long-hajrcd firing rifleman is a wel-
come variation and although I cannot see a
learned tome tucked into his belt, I feel some-
how it may be there in the snapsack. I am sure it
is because I am curently watching the May/June
broadcasts of a famous TV character that the
names Harpet Harris and Hagman somehowspill
into my brain- either that orl have developed a
penchant for alliterationl There js a rumour that
a ceftain actor's wjfe was quite impressed with
the prototype of these figures as she too felt a
spa.k of recognition. lt must be something in the
water Besides all that these riflemen proctuced

&
--
I first saw these rubberized roadways at Colours
and was drawn to them like iron filings to mag-
net. I have long argued the need people to fight
on terrain worthy of their figures and Scenic Ef-
fects Inc. seem to share that ideology because
their work is finely detajled and very realistic. I
iustwish theyhad sent morethan a feu/piecesof
'dirt road to look atclosely. I am sure mostgamers
could create these themselves in verylittle nme,
but I am not sure the same could be said for the
cobblestone roadwaysl Norcould they produce
them in easy to handle, flexible arbbersections.
Irft free to put anywhere on your table orglued
100 sets of hard to
t 0
find Dlastic 20s within the next
years. Well. good lucktothem. The time I spent
jn light pewteralloy do provide a means of bring,
jn€ individual differences into your Peninsular
converting Airfix with pins, miliput and a craft ljght infantry. Theyare allturned out to the usual
knife would have been better spent if these Falcon high standard and are well worth a few
nnges had been around some 30yearsagolEach bob to pick up as personalities for skjrmishes or
box contains 12 riders and l2 horses with dn ac- general unit distrjbutlon.
tion painting guide on the cover of the packag-
ing. The American price is about $6.50 which is
roughly f4.20 or about 15p per mounted figure - 20/25nn Sci-Fi Figures
a price wonh paying if you want figures compat. Ani/Mall Miniatures, l9 Hi€h Street, Bangor,
ible with your Airfix or Esci troops. lf you want cwynedd. 01248 370044
morc details on the ranges you can find HaT ad-
vertising on the Internet and telling you where
you can get their products. surfing the Net has
yet to come to my house but if HaT's plans for a
hobby lobby and info depot bear fruit, I might
be buying a modemsoon. These figures are quite
good, especially when you realise that they are
aimed at the Toy Market, but I iust wish some-
body would create excellent quality 2jmmsi
cames Workshop can do itwith Tudorish orskel-
eton armies, so somebody somewheae must be
able to produce Napoleonics or various 'horde'
armies. I used to see Segom plastics in Chelten-
ham in the early 70s, whatever happened to A set of pefier figures based upon Japanese ani-
them? However, HaT have obvjously found their mation videos by Anime proiects, sculpted by
niche in the market and iftheir new technolow Kev White. The press .elease for this ,Devil

Miniature Wargames No. 158

HunterYohko Pack l' tells the tale of the cenom
bosses who represent the forces of evil in
Bubblegum crisis set in futuristic Mego Tokyo
where the'terrible trio'arc governors ofthe cor-
rupt Genom corporation responsible for creating
the fearful army of'Eoomer' androids that con-
tinually threaten harmony. There are the AD po-
lice tasked with enforcing lawand orderassisted
by the 'Knight Sabres', they have theirown mean
machine police car whjch with conversion stick-
erc, pu rchased se parately, transforms the car into
the'lnterceptor'. Confused? Notas much as I amr
But Anjme proiects will sell you the videos to
explain it all. The sample set comprises of hero
Yoko (sicl in between costumes, in Devil Hunter
aostume, Yokos Oranny and the Demon Oueen.
They retail in bubble packs of 4 for f4.99 and a
dafter waste of money and pewter I have never
seen. Phoenix lollies do the naked girlie bit bet-
ter and Ral Partha have cornered the market in
outlandish fantasy. But they do so with style and
quality. Animall's poses are static, Ieaturcs are
bland, casting is noticeable on a 2D axis, the de-
tail is poor and the whole lot makes me bewail
the days and standards of Fred Quimby, when
cartoons were an artform rather than a slipshod
component ofa marketing scam. Ca11 me old-fash-
ioned, biasedand downrightgrumpy butyou can
keep these figures and hopefully their gene.at-
ing videos, on the other side of Ihe Pacific
25mm Medieval Buildings
Hudson gAllen,from ModelSearchlntemational,
Hill House, ToD Road, Slindon, Arundel, West
Sussex BN l8 ORP 01243814641
No they do not sound like a wargame trader do
they, especially with that naf multi-national
glongomerate tag? But Hudson 6Allen do sound
like a firm of estate agents, and to be honest, that
is exactly what they are, with properties that are
exceptionally des. res. pedod dwelLings in ?5mm
scale. They specialise in hard Ioam kit models
which come in sets so that gamers and model-
Iers can develop their own buildings and com-
plexes. This loam appears to produce good de-
tail and is reputed to be substantially knock-re-
sistant, although I do know somebody I would
ljke to test it! Initially I was somewhat put off by
the Drice fl75 fora startercastle. butthen itdoes
comprise 17 pjeces plus a working drawbridge
and several interiorspaces - that is roughly tl0 a
piece which fits with the going rate for good
unpainted resin-cast models. Village set I is t42
fortwohouses, two outbuildings and bam-again
oK forvalue. You pay forquality and iud€ing from
the sent photos, that is exactlywhatyou willget.
I like the practical nature ofthe castle walls. They
are thick enough to take figures easily with Mde
walkways and sufficient numbers oa staircases.
How many sieges have you donewhere argument
seems inevitable over disputes about access to
walls, numbers of defenders permissible and
even 'flying galrisons'? Hudson €. Allen can even
supply you with a breached wall section to rep-
resent the effects of any successfu I treb uchet at-
tack, or an undermined tower section to markthe
iriumph of your miners. During the early 70s a
Southampton wargamer, Ted Ladd, spent years
constructinga castle like this. Atthetime he said
he would never do it again, but would wait untiL
Miniature Wargames July 1996
a commercjal concern got its act together and
produced one. Well Hudson €. Allen have done
it. They have va.ious castle sets, 4 diflerent
groups ofvillage buildings plus keeps, watchtow-
ers and fortified outposts and farms.write orring
for your own price list and catalogue. If you
wargame in this period and want something other
than the bare field encolrnter then a first hand
investigation ofthese products is a must-
l5mm Roman Infantry Figures
ChariotMiniatures,65 BanburyParkRoad, Luton,
"\tu # -* -b
iE * b_=.rt--3u
:{i
l4 B
a:
,:l*- B-
,+L .lI
Bedfordshire LUI lHD. Tel0l582 410236
A ran€e of chariot's sPOR Romans and their Al-
lies has anived and they are proofthat variation
in figure has finally come to this scale- The Ro-
man Infantr) packs featurc auxiliary or lare pe-
riod Legionaries closin€ with the gladius, which I
have not seen too often. They hold their shon
stabbing swords at a variety of angles so your
front rank could be depicted at work hackingand
jabbing, while the second line Iooks poised to
st.ike;n unison. Each pose had a 'forward mo-
mentum which should appealto the moreaggres-
sive amongstyou, and each Iegionary does have
a stolid 'come-neaFme-at-your-peril' - look. The
Iigures are well moulded with good detail- plenty
ofdelineated folds and straps Iorshade washers
and dry brushers.
Not bejng an expert on troop types for this
period, I cannot give you much indication of the
range the allies coverbut Ido reco€nise phrygian
caps which were popuLaramong the armies ofthe
eastern empires of Byzantium and Pelsia, and
indeed something similarwas even worn by the
poor of both sides at Hastings. I like the archer
leaninc forward as he rcaches for another shaft,
he seems to be looking enquiringly after his last
one wondering, 'How did it get there?
The range of spearmen is interesting with some
hefting, some launching and others iust running
aboutwith the things, white others lookas ifthey
are leaning-on in some re-enactment wi€\vam
rugby scrum. Agajn, the production is good and
overall these offerings from chariot show some
nice animation in some verv attractive and use-
ful figures.
25mm 20fr Century Ruins
vANcuARD. l0 Hawke road, Holmcroft, stafford
5T16 IPZ
1 received two corner sections of ruined build-
ings, one is of a plaster over brick house, while
the other is more of a brick tenement or l9l0s
office block. I can tell they would be very useful
on a wargames table. I rarely pLay 20'h C games,
brt these could inspire a thrash across Stalin€Ed
ora para-drop into a small Dutch town with ruins
replacing houses as the conflict progresses.
The moulding is good and quite what one ex-
pects from Vanguard, with shattered plaster re-
vealing brickwork, shell hojes thror.rgh walls and
even pock marks where shells or solid shot has
hit, but not done a lot ofdamage. However, ifonly
this level of detail was repeated on both sides. I
did not like the one-sided nature ol thege resin
castings. I regret I don't know much about the
manufactu.ing process but I would have preferred
the models to have been double sided as the
current method somewhat limits their three di-
mensional u9e. sLill they make a decent diorama
backdrop.
2Omm Buildings
Airfix
Airfix have e-released quite a few oftheir plastic
building kits recently and the latest to reach the
shelves isthe Battle ofwaterloo Farmhouse. The
model is based upon the houses, barn and out-
buiLdings ol La Haye Sainte as it stands today
and modified according to sketches and paint-
ings made of the walled farm during the early
years ol the nineteenth century The new model
is iustas good as iteverwaswith fine detail, easy
to asse m b le instructions and the scope for p lenty
ofvariation forthe enthusiast blessed with agood
cutting knife, pol)styrene (ement and imagina-
tion. Richard Ellis gave this kit a wash or two of
paint to make it easier to photograph and I be-
lieve this rvhite plastic took paint betterthan the
old grey stuff, but I do not rememberwhat brand
of detergent one was supposed to use .-. I think
beingwhite it responds betterto the wash tech-
nique giving the facility to blend colours and
shading even on the tiled roof. I was a bit dis-
appointed that we do not appearto merit a lew
more doors and window frdmes. but then a€ain
every purist knows the KGL burntthe lot on the
eve ofthe battle anyway. I was not told what the
price of the re-release sets are, but you can be
suretheywill befirmtyfixed within the toy rather
than the model market. I cannot agree with the
Alrfix philosophy of staying in 20mm as a toy
ran€e, I would like this kit in big 25mml As it js
l5s look Iike midgets and 25s Siants, and
wargamers gene.ally tend to steer clear. This is
a shame as we are a big market. I wonder what
the trade would do if one company decided to
go for 25s in hard plastic and produced crisp
detail to rival the very best curently o0 offer?
You never know Airfix might respond with the
Hougemont whjch has been promised for at
least twenty yearsl Despitemy liftLewhinge, The
Battle of Waterloo Farmhouse kit is a most use-
ful addition to the range of buildings we can
employ and it can be found in most model and
tov shoDs.
Letters - Your Page
Danish Auxiliaries and Battles
Dea. Sir
lan Cooves and Brian Robinette both asked
about this subject.
A thorough answer would require writing a
book on each subject, which unfortunately is be-
yond my capacity.
alWhen you ask about French national Cuard
units, you are then thinking about the 88 cohorts
converted into 22 line regjments {nos. I35-t561
in the spring of 1813, or are you thinking ofthe
departmental companies? The firsl menooneo
were definitely uniformed as the normal line in-
tantry regiments lremember that nearly all line
and light regiments had to raise new battalions
tor service in Cermany in 1813, so there was a
shortage of uniforms and equipmentl. The de-
partmental companies were uniformed too, but
information about theirunilorms is harderto find.
john R Eltings book'Napoleonic Uniforms, Vol-
ume 2' includes 3 drawings by Knotel d.J. from
the period 1813-15 (Voltigeur private from
Landau 1814, L:n(er private 1815. Artillery pri-
vate l8L2i. For a lullstory ofthe .e-raisiog of La
Grande Armee in l8l 3 | can recommend v. Osten,
Sacken: "Die franzosjsche Armee in lahre 1813".
bl The Battle of Juterbock on September 6th,
l8l3 is better known as the battle of Dennewitz.
This battle stopped MaFhat Ney's advance on
Berlin. Juterbock is a much larger to\yn than
Dennwitz, but apart from the initial deployment
ofCeneral Tauentziens battalions, it has no rela-
tion to tie battle. You see it's iust Iike calling the
battle of Mont. St. Jean for the battle of Watep
Ioo. A map of the baftle area appears in the Dan-
ish book by Colonel N.P lensen: "Napoleonic
felttog i 1813". For detailed information about
Order-of-Battle for both sjdes, I strongiy recom-
mend Barthold von Quistorp: "ceschichte der
Nord-Armee im lahre l8ll .
clYou will of course get the most detailed in-
formations about the Danish army in Danish or
Norwegian lanCuage. Athorough work on this sub-
iect is "Den dansk haer i Napoleonstjden l80t-
l8l4 by Hans Ch.istian Wolter, Helge
Scheunchen, Ole L. Frandsen and Christian
Wurgler Hansen. But if you do not read Danish,
do not despair Christian Wurgler Hansen has
pubJished four colour plates with English text,
and Miniaturc Wargames no. STconta;ned a lonC
AVOID GETTI
THE HUMP
ORDER'MINIATURE WARGAMES'
A REAL'PICK.ME-UP'
article by Soren B. Andersen: 'The Danish Auxil-
iaries of 1813". lf you can get hold of Tradition
nos. 56 and 64 you will have front cove6 drawn
by Chdstian Wu.gler Hansen ofjutland liglt dra-
goons, hussars and Holstenske Infantry as well
as some black and vr'hite drawings ofother units.
The text describes the battle of Boden in Decem-
ber l8l L
I hope the above can be of any assistance to
you.
ole Thureholfi,
DeamLrk,
Hypothetical A.C.W,
Dear Sir
I read with interest the Editor's musings in the
October Issue as to a hypothetical ACW situation
where the South won.
As an ACW Re-enactor,l am interested not only
in the "Authentic ACW but also the "Might Have
Been ACW To this end, I try and collect "Alter
native History" scenarios which !0ight also be the
basis forwargaming such intriguing "Mjght Have
Beens". Unfortunately, it is well-nigh jmpossible
to obtain many ofthe SF Altematives' in the lJK,
butthere are someavailable, and hence perhaps
ifl listthem perhaps someone can help me Hein
in his search-
First is "Bring The lubilee" by Ward Moore. A
1950s novel, set in a defeated Norti which re-
sembted the 1950V60s South of this timeline.
There, the North failed to seize the Little round
Top at Cettysberg, the South djd - with the re-
sultthatan enfiladed Union Centre failed to hold
Pickett's Charge (Venture S.F., UK edition)
Secondly, there is "A Southem Town" by R.W
Richards (Rokam Publications, Virginia). Here, in
1864 R. E.Ise traps at the Oxford, a sizeable por-
tion of the union Army of the Potomac and de-
feats U.S. Crantin detail. A€ain, a possibilitysug-
gested by history
Third, as a rather more outlandish possibility,
thee js "The Cuns of the South" by Prof. Harry
Turtledove. (Arrow p/b, UK €?.99). A group of
wicked South Africans bring back to the Army of
Northern Virginia from the twentieth Century a
new weapon called the AK-45 (Kalashnikovl.
From this, the A.N.V defeats the Army of the
Potomac in the wilderoess (knowingwhich Fords
the Union will use is a great help, but of course,
once the war changes then the "Futudans can-
not help the South in detail...... From that, Tur-
tledove builds up to a scenario wherc the con-
federacy of l2 states plus the Indian Territory has
to decide to help Maximillia - ornot, to ally with
Britain in her war to recover Canada from a
baulked and expansionist FederalState - ornot,
to deletetheir "peculiarinstitution" - and to come
to terms with the mjnd-set and technology ofthe
Twentieth Century " or not! This book is full of
wonde ul ideas - R.E. Lee confronted by a
"OWERTY" orit may be Apple Macintosh", R-E-
an
Lee reading avidly Bruce Cattons "Heritage His-
tory of the ACw" - and throwaway lines such as
the British Marines destroyingSan Francisco, rne
British Navy blockading the Fedemlstatesto the
extent that US commerce \rithers on the vine -
but it is hard to see how "authenticity" can be
retained as the Rebels charge under the Battle
Flag with their Kalashnikovsl
There are other books ofa similarvein which I
have heard about but which are, alas, unavail-
able - loe Poyett's "The Shiloah Project, William
sanders The wild Blue and the crey LJ.E B.
Stuart Court martialled in an independent Rich-
mond in 1867 for his actions in the Cettysberg
campaign), spring to mind. If anyone out there
has any details of any that might give 'Altema-
tive scenarios, I d like to hear from them . In the
meantime, perhaps these books may give some
ideas to others and hence I respectfully offer
them as a contribution to the debate.
RLhard Page,
Potogs.
A Good Paint Job
Dear Sirs
What is it that gamers require of a painting sefl-
ice? Whilst individual needs may vary I feel that
the I primary constituents must be Speed, His-
torical accuracy and ofcourse, a reasonable cost.
ln the past, I have been quite poodyserved bya
number of services who, at filst glance seem to
offer a good dea[, but then either fade away or
price themselves out of the market. I sincerely
hope that this will not be the casewith The Paint
Board. Neil Zurberugg offers: an incredibly fast
tum round of figutes, even to an overseas desti-
nation as in mycase, amazing historical accuracy
cot/pled with incredible detail lon 25mm figuresj
and allat a very rcasonable cost- Thus farhe has
haodled a British Infantry Brigade and Mounted
Infantry Regiment for the Second Boer War and
opposing forces for an Arnhem scenarioi moder-
ately djverse subjects treated with carc, atten-
uon ano success.
Neil's stvle is clean but not clinical, realistic
but not overdone. Each package I have received
has been a joy to open and even more enioy-
able to put on the table- I would commend any
reader, who like me wishes to game but either
cannot, or does not have the time to, paint, to
contact Neil Zurbrugg at The Paint Board, 16
Piltdown Road, South Oxhey, WDI 6LD.
Mdl. C(tarle6 Gtag
Brltbh Forcet, Cgptus
Miniature Wargames No. 158
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Miniature Wargames Jlly 1996

 ' t|AltAt_
So how good are your naval
wargame rules?
by Barry Slemmings
One of the major problems about naval
wargaming, especially forwargamers from a non-
naval background, is the seeming necessity of
€etting involved in complex rules about amour
penetration, torpedoes, damage control and the
like.
Tothe uninitiated, or the dorpnright apathetic,
a wargamed naval battle can seem to revotve
around a boring process ofknocking handfuls of
points off each othe/s ships like a slow game of
401 on the local pub daftboard. Large numbers
start gettjn€ thro\yn around and iust when the
game seems to be getting interesting, the filst
time player is then informed his magazine has
been hit and the ship has sunk.
Magazines? Our poor first timer did not even
[.now where the newspapers were, let alone the
magazines. Somewhat bewildered, he orshe re-
tires fuom navalwargaming and goeg backto their
model soldieF where at least they can under-
stand and visualise what is supposed to be go-
ing on.
When | first started naval wargaming some 25
odd years ago, thanks to Don Featherstone and
his book on the subjecl, t first adopted a version
of the old p.e-ww2 American Fletcher Pratt rules.
It was Pratt who once matched a Cerman pocket
battleship against three British cruisers undefhis
rules and the cruisers won.
Everyone thought the rules were faulty and
Pratt retumed to the drawing board. Then came
the 1939 Battte ofthe River plate and pratt's rules
were vindicated. As a member of llford
Wargamels, some years ago, we went back to
Fletcher Plat( but, after m] years ot inter\,ening
research, I found myselfrather unhappyvr'ith the
enct results.
There I was at llford's youth club hall, firing at
a l/700th scaleJapanese battleship several yards
away with my t/700th scale HMS Rodney; the
Rodney "overed" a salvo of 16 inch shells (circa
2,500 pounds weight eachl by a wide margin and
a poorlapanese destroyercopped justone shell
and promptly disappea.ed in a bigsmoking hole
in the sea. Realistic? Not ooe little bir.
Firsdy, the explosive content of a heaw naval
shellis notvery laBe, about I or l0% oftheshell's
weight if high explosive and as little as 2 % by
wei€ht ifarmour piercing. The blast from the ex-
ptoding I6 inch shell (say 50"200 pounds ofTNT)
would probably not have sunk the,apanese de.
stroyer, unless it struck a magazine ora boiler
But such hea\ry shells also require an impact
on hearT plating to detonate. Destrcyers do not
have such heavy plating, they are mostly
unarmoured. Several destroyers have been hit
by similarheavy shellwithout any serious results
and, at Narvik, jn 1940, HMS WaEpite was pump-
ing whole salvoes and broadsides into German
destroyers atveryclose range. Her l5 inch shells
lcirca I,900 poundsweight eachj punched straight
through hertargets and exploded on the beaches
behind them.
It occurred to me at llford, and still does, that
many wargamers coming from a background of
wargaming with model soldiers have very little
understanding ol ?0th century naval warfare and
even less about air warfare, Sure, thev know their
history and can talk about the battles, but do they
really understand about the nngefinding proc-
ess, the ships, the weapons and what actually
happens when a 20th century warship begins to
sufter progressive damage?
LETTING IN THE WATER
It is an artjcle of faith among naval warfare ex-
pertsthatifyou wantto letin air, you drop bombs
or fire shells. But if you want to let in water and
sink'em, fire a torpedo. U nderwater attack is the
most devastating but doesthe average wargamef
understand what happens and do theirwargames
rules measure up torealljfe experience? Iwould
suggest that they often do not.
Take. lor erample. torpedo hits on big waF
ships. Ships the size of HMS Prjnce ofWales and
KM Bismarck 145,000-50,000 tons each I being crip-
pled in real life by almost tiny torpedoes with
high explosive warheads weigh ing just about 300
pounds. Somewar€amersl knowwould argue that
a torpedo with a 600 pound TNTwarhead is twice
as powerful as a 300 pound one. Not sol
It is a feature of torpedo explosions that the
damage from the explosion can be out of all pro-
portion to the size of the warhead. lt is not so
much what you've €ot as what you do witi it, as
the actress said to the bishop.
It might surprise the average wargamer to also
learn that if you increase the quantity of explo-
sive in a torpedo by 50%, you will only obtain a
14% increase in damage (WARSHIP No 27, pa€e
2121. I had long suspected this and had devised
my own'inverse square law'similarto that used
by photographers to calculate the powerofa cam-
era's flashgun. (As you move only slightly further
away from a photographic subject, the amount of
light from a flashgun must constantly double) |
reasoned that explosions might work the same
My experiments with applyinC square roots to
the weight of explosive in the torpedo warhead
seemed to work and produced far more realistic
wargame results, I seemed to close the damage
'€ap' between the smaller air.dropped lE inch
torpedoes and the larger 2l and 24 inch torps.
I was somewhat €ratified to leam later that it
is io fact a cube root rather than a square root
principle. But the mathematical shorthand is:in-
creasing the explosive content of your warhead
by 50% will mean increasin€ your typical
wargames damage by around t4 %. And you also
ha!e to look ai the OIJALITY of the elplosive as
wellas the quantity.
Some late WW2 British 2l inch torpedoes filled
with Torpex (equivalent to 150% of TNT) can ac-
tually be more powerfulthan the huge and much
vaunted lapanese 24 inch Long Lancetorpedoes
which used lower grade explosive. Admittedly
the Long Lance still has a great lange and high
attack speed, but the big bang really belongs to
the British.
I said iust now that position of hit is more im-
portant than what you hit it with. Lets stick with
torpedoes for a bit longer and examine that.
HMS Prince of Wales was steamjng at high
speed in I94l when a small (17.7 inch) Japanese
air dropped torpedo struck the stern area. The
warhead was also small labout 300 oounds
weigitland filled with a low grade exploiive de.
signed in World War One. The explosjon was so
small most crewdid noteven notice it. Deckand
gun crews had theirhands lullwith the airattack,
the iest ofthe clew were battened down and busy
on their duties below decks.
Butthings soon became interesting lor the crew
in the Prince ofWales' alt engine room. The ship
vibrated violently for a few seconds, then sud.
denly stopped vibrating. The aft engine room
crewthen got out of their compartment very fast
saying there were vast amounts of water flood-
in€ into the ship via the ship's propeller shaft
tunnel. The jncoming flood water hit the electri-
cal system and blew every electricalfuse and cir-
cuit breaker on the entire ship lon the Prince of
wales nearlyeverythin€was electricall. The ship's
shell hojsts, gun tunets and ventilation systems
ground to a halt and the ship was piunged into
darkness. The pow was dead in the water and
sinking by the stem.
One gun tuftet crew was reduced to tryin€ to
traverse lheir 5.25 inch heavy AA tunet using a
block and tackle rigged to the ship's side after
the electrical powerwent of{, in a vain attempt to
hand load and fi.e their AA guns at the incoming
Japanese aircraft in the next wave.
The Prince of Wales had one of the most so-
phisticated underwater torpedo defence systems
Britain had ever designed involving armour, a
coffurdam and compiex watertight compartments
- so what had happened? why was she left nearly
helpless and sun* a few hours later by subse-
quent ajr attacks?
The single small torpedo which hasteneo ner
doom had struck the 'A hame. This is the frame
you seeonAirfix modelsandthe like which holds
the propeller and the prop shaft away hom the
ship's hull after it leaves the hull and sticks our
into the water
With the suppoitofthe A framegone, the pro-
peller had vibrated and gyrated wildty for a few
seconds lthat was the vibration which the crew
felt) before snapping off. But while it was still
spinning, say one hundred tons of phosphor
bronze running wild at several hundred revs per
minute, the shaft had whipped along its entire
length and tom out the water right glands (shaft
stuffing boxes) which nofmally stop watergetting
back into the ship along the propeller tunnel.
An estimated 5,000 to 6,000 tons of water
promptly flooded into the interior of the Prince
ofwales, it lostspeed, it lost powerand was sub-
sequently sunk by three more slightly larger tor-
pedoes.
Anothea factor in assessing torpedo damage
which has to be considered is the size ofthe rar-
get ship and the method of construction. The
huge lapanese battleships HUMS Yamato and
HUMS Musashi apparently had a faulty design
and modem experts now believe that despite
their huge size (72,000 tonsl and 18 inch thjck
armour, they were especially vulnerable to tor-
pedo attack which could (and probably did)split
open a bad butt joint in the side aimour.
The old battleship HMS Barham (which fua-
tures in the opening scenes ofthe old black and
white TV series Sea War as it rolls over and blows
up) was completely overwhelmed by three tor-
pedo hits. The same could be said ofHMS Royal
Yet some small cruisers suNived two torpedo
Miniature lvargames No. 158

lAl Royal Navy Warships Lost and Damaged 1939 to 1945
Ship Tlpe: Degree ofeffect:Hit by
Battleship or I la,
Battlecruiser Serious
Slight
Airclaft r (b)
Carriers Serious
slieht
Cruisers
Serious
slicht
DestroyeF
Serious
slicht
Escort vessels sunk
and Minesweepets Serious
slight
a; HMS Hood. b: HMS Glorious. c: HMS Hermes. d: escort ca.rier HMS Slinger e: HMS Neptune
after hittin€ three or four mines. f: HMS Barham, HMS Royal Oak, HMS Repulse and HMS Prince of
(B)ANALYSIS OF LOSSES
HIT BY SHELL FIRE HIT BY BOMBS
Sunk 20-ll% Sunk; 70-15%
Sedous:53-29% Seriousr168-37%
Slighr I09-59% Slight, 2r5-47%
Total: 182 Total; 453
(C)ANALYSIS OF TORPEDO HITS ON DESTROYERS
Torpedo hits on destroyers;
Hlt by one torpedo: 74 h it 37 sank but a further of the
broke in half
22
Hit by two torpedoes: l5 hit
Hit by three torpedoes: 2 hit
NoTES: The biggestkiller is clearly the torpedo
{64% ofthose hjtwere sunk). The single largest
cause of damage on ships was air dropped
bombs (4531. Remember allfigures shown here
are for Royal Naly losses in alltheatres of war.
Pa(ific losges lor the US or lapanese navies
might show an even higher number of bomb
and torpedo hits.
Mjneg show the largest number of ships seri-
ously damaged as this figure includes ground-
laid mines exploding under ships. Also mines
tend to be single hits, torpeoes show a higher
number of sinkings as many are multiple hits.
The sole largewarship sunk by a mine in World
hits-even some destroyers- and these are much
smaller vesgels than battleships. A particular
problem with destrcyers is the small diameter
olthe hull meansthat blastwilloften destroy half
the strength ofthe hull {or more) at the point of
impact, leading to the target ship temainingafloat
butbeingblown in half, havinga lump bitten out
ofthe side oran end blown off{see analysis C on
accompanying chart). In WWl, the destroyers Zulu
and Nubian each lost halfthe ship to torpedoes
ormines butthe rcmaining halves were salvaged,
joined togetherand the resulting composite was
re-named "HMS Zubian'.
HMS Newcastle, a cruise., was so badly hit
during World War Two that a hole was created
right through the ship which you could literally
have driven a double decker busthrough, yetthe
ship survived. lt is clear tiat some kind of rule
mechanism is needed to allow for the fact that
torpedo hits against ships smaller than baftle-
ships may either;
aJ vent to ajr quicket bursting to the surface
rather than inwards into the ship
,OR
b) may burst up through the thinner deck
plates of the more ligltly constructed small ships
rather than going hori?ontally through the bulk-
Miniature Wargames July 1996
most hotly engaged side,which meansthe 9u i-
voas never saw the underwater damage on that
sroe.
Shells: Bombs: Mines: Tomedoes; The recent Ballard dive on the wreckrevealed
0 0 4(. litlle beneath the waterline as the wreck is cuF
2 6 5 5
rently up to its waterline in mud and oceanic
3 II 0 0
ooze. I perconally doubt the Bismarck was tor-
pedo proof, as some writels claim, as she was
L (c) 0 5 merely a modified wwL design {Baden and
0 r0 l (d) 3 Bayem class battleshipJ. But her greater width
0 80 0 (beaml would have been a source of more sta-
1 t0 I (e) l3 bility and might have kept torpedoes further
9 8 24 away from some vital parts of the ship.
22 2 0 Armour itself can actually be a source of great
t3 44 l8 51 danger, as one British aircraft carrier found out
40 81 35 l5 when a torpedo blast hurled a chunkof fourinch
74 I l8 4 2
thick belt armour straight into an engine room
and wrecked it.
2 17 50 Torpedo hits foNard of amjdships and in the
2 29 39 l9 bows are likely to affect the ghips speed. as a
l0 33 t0 2
huge hole forwaid can act as a scoop or sea an-
chorand cause water to pile up in the cavity. Try
dragging an empty bucket through some deep
water bv its handle to see what I mean.
But torpedo (or minel hits virtlally an,'where
along the length of the ship will also cause whip-
ping and hogging ( ppling movements in the
HIT MINES HIT BY TORPEDOES
BY length of the ship) which in extreme cases can
Sunk 16-26% Sunk llr-64% lead to smaller ships such as destroyerc break-
serious: 88-62% Seriolrs: 66"34% ing their backs. Even il the ship remains afloat,
slicht: l6-l r% slight, 4-2% such shock effects can also dismount gun turrets
Total: 140 Total: 195 or iam them, snap the turbines off their mount-
ings orwreck the radio and radarsystems. ln other
v,,ords, a hitdeep belowwaterline can affect sys-
tems located well above the waterline. wargames
rule writers should bear this in mind, maior un-
destroyers sunk by one torpedol
3 7
derwater blast damage is not localised.
l3 were scuttled Many of the above comments also apply to
13 sank I blew up 6 capsized
mine hits, especially the older moored contact
2 sank
mine, which bursts against the ship s hull like a
War 'Ivo le) HMS Neptunel hit one and then torpedo.
drifted through a mingoff more. Contact mines But an especial problem with ground laid
tend to damage the front, leaving the propel- mines (magnetic, pressure or acoustic) is that
lers and rudder intact and the ship able to get these explode deep beneath the ship and send
home.. Mine hits often occur in coastal wa- up a gas bubble and many shock waves. These
ters, perhaps close to a friendly port and can produce a far more violent form ofwhipping
nerp. and hogging, as HMS Belfast and HMS Nelson
The high number of torpedo losses on escort both found to their costs. The ships both re-
vessels include ships hit by homing torpedoes mained afloat, butintemally they were shattered.
such asGnat. These tended to destroy the pro- A similar fate was shared by KM Tirpitz when
peller and rudder area. the British midget submarine's hjgh explosive
The analysis of torpedo hits on destroyers (C) side cargoes exploded on the shallow fiord floor
includes some American-built destroyers \vhich beneath her; massive internal damage was
do not appear in (A). caused because the turbines and other impor-
tant machlnerywere not cushioned against shock.
heads- Anothe. practical consideration which aftected
A hit at the extreme aft can produce destruc- not iust the Tirpitz, but also the ltalian fleet at
tion ofsteering in an otherwise seawofthy ship (l Taranto, is the fact the ships were in harbour Blast
call this the Bismarck effect after the l8 inch tor' in shallow water may rebound from the sea-bed
pedo which crippled the cerman battleship and cause more damage to the ship; the blast
herel. Slightly further forward a hit among the can't go down, so instead it goes !p. Secondly,
propellers can produce lost ofspeed and the vast any ship hit in harbour may not yet be at action
flooding just mentioned above, which I call the stations. lf it is not at action slations, (enain wa-
Prince ofwales effect. ter-tight doors may not yet be closed. The po-
A hit amidships on a large ship should cause tential rule v/riter should also bear this factor in
maximum damage as it is alongside the engine mtnd.
rooms and magazines. but battleships and cruis- lhe lapanese super aircraft cairier HIJMS
ers tend to compensate for this with undeMater shinano was torpedoed in November 1944 after
bulges, coffer dams, armour and internal being launched, but before completlon. lt is said
compartmentation. A single hit on HMS Malaya that she sank because the waterproofing of the
vr'asjust shrugged off with relatively little dam- intemal compartments had not yet been com-
age, with just part of hertorpedo bulge flooded, pleted and she was actually sailing from her
and she was repaired in a fevr' months. launch place to fitting out for this to be done. I
The survivors ofthe Bismarck claim thejrship would slggest this is one freaky source of ship
had no underwater damage when it rolled over loss which most rule writers could safely ignorel
and sank, but Dr Robert Ballard's dive on the But a factorthe rule writershould bear in mind
wreck did reveal that part of the stern had is how many torpedo hits have been suflered in
snapped off (hit by the l8 inch torpedo). a short space of time, Damage control is much
But when the Royal Navy closed in to finish easierfor one hit than for two or more. If a ship is
het theysaid she was listing at least five degrees hit twice on the SAME side, it is in more houble
before theyopened fire. And itshould be remem- than ashipwhich hasbeen hit once on each side.
bered that the Bismarck capsized TOWARDS its FLooding on the port side will tend to counter-
balance flooding on the starboard side.
Capsize was the maiorcause ofloss among big
ships and it js one that damage control parties
went to a great deal of trouble to prevent. The
normal drill on such larger ships was to
counterflood certain compartments or the toF
pedo bulge on the opposite side to the torpedo
hit and try to keep the ship on an even keel.
Famous capsizes include the Blucher lin both
World Warsl), the Bismarck, the Tirpitz, the
Scharnhorst (both World Warsl), Royal Oak,
Barham, the Dorsetshire and manyJapanese bat-
tleships. Dr Ballard's diving at CuadalcanaL has
revealed the battleship HUMS Kirishima (scut-
tled after being hit by nine l6inch shells and 40
five inch shells) is stillupside down as the wreck
failed to right itself, despite sinking in deep wa-
ter Japanese batdeships were long suspected of
being top-hea!ry.
After capsizing the Bismarck righted itself, as
did the wreck of HMAS Canberra at cuadacanal.
The Canbera capsized to starboard and went
down bY the bo\r.
A final pointto bearin mind with torpedoes is
thata hit does not necessarily mean maiordam-
age, or even any damage at all. us and cerman
torpedoes oI World War Two were particularly
poor in this respect. It may surprise readerc, but
fora nation whjch intended to rely on the U-Boat
and U-Boat torpedoes, the Kriegsmarine had car-
rjed out fev,/pre-wartorpedo tests and these only
in ideal circumstances,
Cerman attempts at usinga magnetic pistolto
set off torpedoes beneath a ship rather than
against its sjde met with the same prcblems
which the British had encountered. when the
British drcpped l8 inch torpedoes against (acci-
dentallyJ HMS Sheffield, the Shiny Sheffwas only
saved when several exploded after hittin€ the
water The magnetic pigtols were lust too sensi-
tive for rough Atlantic seas.
Cerman experience, especjally at Narvik, was
similar but aggravated by the fact that Narvik
contains massive undefground and underwater
quantities oliron ore and that increased magnet-
ism played havoc with the pistols. The Cerman
G7a torpedo also had a laulty depth keepinc
The net resuh was that several British ships at
Narvik were ejtherhit, but the torp bounced off,
or else torpedoes ran strajght under tlem with
no effect and no explosion. Elsewhere, HMS Ark
Royal was saved by the premature detonation of
U-Boat torpedoes, and I believe HMS Nelson nao
a similar lucky escape when a dud actually
bounced off hei side.
When the Norwegians ambushed the crurser
KM Blucher in Oslo Fiord in 1940, they launched
ten German-made pre.World WarOne torpedoes
at her at close range. Five pl unged straight to the
bottom and were never seen again and of the
remaining five, only three managed to hit_ This,
plus gunfire, ripped open the Blucheralong the
port side and she capsized as mentioned above.
Blast is a fueaky thing, as countless narrow es"
cape stories confirm, so the lessons naval
wargamers could draw from this firstpontificanon
of mine is:
| ) Be flexible in yourapproach to damage; yes,
a hit one end ol the ship can effect the otherend
of the shipl
2) Try to take account of the different classes
of warship, and the way each is constructed. A
destroyer and a battleship will each react quite
differently to a being hit by a torpedo.
3l Don't play a straight numbers game. Just
because a 2l inch Royal Naly torpedo hasslightly
more explosive than a Cerman or Italian 2l inch
does not automatically mean it will cause an
equivalent amount of greater damage. The class
oftarget ship, the position ofhitand a bit oiblind
luckwillall play a rnajor part
Further Reading:
Ctnvag's All Tfter orld's Flghtlrrg shlps 1922
t4 1946
Naral Wedpofis of World Vlar ft{o
by lohn
Campbell and published by Conway's
"fhe l-Dsa shlps ol Guadakanal by Robert D.
Ballard, and published by Weidenfeld and
Nicolson-
Back issues of the now defunct Warship quar-
teriy, formerly published by Conway's
Nos 27 and 28 contain a fascinatin€ two-part
afticle by David Brown RCNC which covers the
subiect in far more detail than I have and con-
tains useful statistics and photogmphs. 28 also
has a detailed account of the sinking of the Bis-
marck.
No 4l contains an article about battle damage
to dest.oyerc from post wartests, also by David
Brcwn, plus an article on the alleged fault in the
Yamoto s armour plan.
No 42: damage trials on the cruisers Emerald
and Orion bv David Brown
No 43: contajns destruction testing of subma-
rines by David Brown
No 44: containsthe final article by David Brown
on testing airweapons against warships.
A quick thumb through most sets of naval
wargames rules - and often a quick thumb
through is as far as some potential purchasers go
-will soon reveal the gunnery charts plus the ar-
mour penetration tables orgraphs beloved ofso
many rule writers.The gunnery section can prove
an intimidating part of the rule book and I am
quite sure itputs offsome potential playercfrom
taking up naval wargaming.
Myown (unpublishedl pet rules formerly fea-
tured such tables but I have now chosen to dis-
regard them in favourofsimply factoring a ship's
armour into its overall points value.
I have also grown very wary oflsing text book
figures for gun performance. I well remember
other players at the former Harold Wood club
extolling the virtues of certain naval AA guns
which, according to test figures, could chum out
l8 rounds a minute, etc.
This is all very fine - except that if this rate
of fire were achieved in combat this would mean
the gun in question only had enougl ammuni-
tion for ten minutes (less than two movesJ firing
tjme - and the crew would soon collapse from
exha stionl But is it realistic, accurate or even
worth the effort to apply test figures to wartime
situations?
Iwould suggest it is not.lwo!ld also su€gest
thatgiven the evidence in pan one ofthis article
Ithat gunfire caused very fe\y sinkings in World
War TWol that an undue amount of ruie writing
effort is put into armour penetration rules and
charts which seem to have little bearing on real-
itv.
Cenelations of \r/arship designers spents
thousands ofman houls each tryingto design the
perfect armoured warship. But every design was
a compromise and to maxim ise the armour in one
area meant to minimise it in another Despite
their best efforts, even the
so-called
superwarships remained quite vulnerable to gun-
llre.
LETTING IN THE AIR
A look back to part one and the tables I repro-
duced there tor Royal Naval warship losse5 in
Wodd War TWo reveals that torpedoes are by far
the biggest ship killer but bombs and shells are
the biggest source ofvarying degrees ofdamage.
In a typical naval battle hundreds or thou-
sands ofshells are fired and only a few ofthese
actually produce hits. The hit rate at extreme
range can be as little as
l% or 2% and the amount
ofbang foryour buck hardly encouEging. Leav-
is
ing apart the spectacular destruction of HMS
Hood in 1941, gunfire rarely produces huge ex-
plosions and sinkings, given thatthe shells have
a very small explosive content.
A typical (and so-calledl high explosive
World War Tv,'o naval shell contained only l0%
explosive, as the shell casing had to be thick
enough to wjthstand the stresses of being fired
from the gun and hitting the targetwithout break-
ing up. Atypical amour-piercing shell could see
the explosive content falt as low as 2%.
As aircraft bombs also attack above water,
some rule wdters [and I've certainly fallen into
this t.ap) treat bombs as similar sized shells. A
500 pound bomb is equal to a 500 pound shell,
yes?
Actually... nol
A 500 pound high explosive bomb can con-
tain as much as 80% explosive, which gives a 400
pound explosion.lfthe bomb js medium capac-
ity (as are most anti-shippine bombsl it will be
about 50/50 explosive and steel case and even a
humble armour-piercing bomb could contain as
much as l0 or 20 per cent explosive.
A good example of this a.e the sister ships
Exeter and York. At the Battle of the River Plate.
Exeterwas hit by seven I I inch shells (weighing
661. 4 pounds each or a nominal total of 4,627
pounds) from the KM Graf Spee plus splinters
from some near misses. Despite having nearly
all her guns knocked out, Exeter remained rela-
tively undamaged and was able to steam home
after minor repairs-
Hersistership York was immobilised at Suda
Bay after being hit by an explosive charge in a
motorlcoat. But she was sunk by just three bombs
of which two are known to have been Ll00
pounders, the third was probably smaller.
Even if a bomb misses its target and ex.
plodes in the wateralongside, the greater explo-
sive content ofthe bomb compared to the shell
should make for more ghock and even a mine-
like effect on the hulland internal equipment. A
missed shell which detonates will produce a
smaller bang but some very thick and unpleas-
ant splinters as the shell case is so much thicker
One such splinter. hom a cerman ll inch
shell, sliced tirough 3 inch thick sjde armour on
board HMS Exeter in 1939 and should have
pierced a boiler Luckily the engine room crew
had not had time to dump the old boiler fire-
bricks over the side ofthe ship and the splinter
expended its energy into tie stack of bricks in.
stead.
Unless an aircraft bomb is being dropped at
very Iow altjtude from a fast moving aeroplane,
it wilt tend to drop almost veftically (75 degrces
to the horizontal or morel. Even at extreme
ranges, plunging shellfirc is neververtical. At its
very wofst, it arives at about 40 degrees to the
horizontal. So is it is the bomb which will be hit-
ting tie decks squarely and have the bestchance
of penetrating into the ship before it explodes,
nottheshell. Some bombs have arrived with such
force that they passed rightthrough tie ship be-
fore exploding underneath it.
Even long range gunfire against warships is
unlikely to be able to claim this. The famous hit
on the Hood which is supposed to have pierced
her"weak" deck armourwas actually descending
at about 12 degrees to the horizontal when it
struckherat 16,500 yards range from the KM Bis-
marck (hardly long range!|.
lfyou carc to overlay that l2 degree line over
a crcss section of tie Hood {in the Ensign book
Hood, by Maurice Nortlcottl you will find it js
almost impossible to trace any rcasonable path
to her magazine deck armour without passing
through either her bel! (12 inches) or upper belt
amour (Tinches)or else an awful lot of seawater
to get ight undemeath the belt armour So any
tule writer who claims this shell must pentrate
the beltor the deckarmour is probably wrong. lt
Miniature Wargames No. 158
might have to penetrate BoTH !
As an aside, the Hood was probably de-
stroyed bya direct hit on her AA magazlne, which
was built later outside the original a.mourplan.
A sympathetic detonation of the AA shells here
could have detonated the cordlte charges held
under 'X' turret and produced the huge, but al-
mostsilentcordite flash, which sank her Another
possibility is a direct penetration ofthe x turet
barbette amour followed by a cordite flash down
to the magazines.
It is an afticle offaith among some rule writ,
elsthat a hit on the ship's side must test to pen-
etrate the thickest paft of the belt armout a hit
on a gun turet must test to penetrate the thick-
est part oI tie turet hit at long range
armour and a who is to say an incoming enemy shot will
must test penetrate tle thickest deck armour Any
shellswhich failthese tests are deemed to have
bounced of{ and cause liftle damage.
Regetably heavy armour is not as compre-
hensive or as effective as it appears on paper.
More than one gun tu(et has been knocked out
by a shot orshellwhich did not hit it. A defleded
hit on tle tunet dng could jam it; a hit nearby
could simply cause a maior fire and smoke the
crew out oftheir tu.ret. According to Royal NaW
aacounts one, possibly even two, gun banels on
the KM Bismarck were hit by gunfire as she uras
pounded by HMS King Ceorge V and HMS
Rodney, (ausingonegun to apparently burst. But
both gunswere knocked out.In neithercase did
the turret armoLrr need to be penetrated.
when Dr Ballard dived on the wreck of USS
Ouincy at cuadalcanal, he found the left hand
Minia$re Wargamos July 1996
banel of B turet was similatly cut in half, either
by a premature explosion of its own shell or a
shell hit which first deformed the gun banel and
caused it to burst when fired. The rieht hand gun
of A turet appeared to have iammed back in the
recoil position and was also useless, apparently
knocked out by a technical fault.
At the height of the gun adions against the
KM Bismarck, the netf, !4 inch gun systems on
both HMS Prince ofwales and HMS King Ceorge
v malfunctioned badly. ln the case of KCV her
fire power was halved for much of the battle, yet
she vas not touched by a Ceman shell. How
many rule writers allow for that sort of eventual.
itv?
even hit the thickest piece of amour on a gun
tunet? Suppose the thinnerturet side or roof is
hit? Or the rear of the tunet is stuck as the ship
changes couFe and the tunet has not had time
to tlain round yet to face the shootef
To rctum to the Prlnce of Wales (which was
also examined in part one) her seven heavy shell
hits duing the Battle ofthe Denmark Strait are
most illuminating. After the Hood blew up, the
Pow found heGelf under fire lrom both the KM
Bismarck (15 inch guns)and the KM Prinz Eugen
(8 inch gunsl.
The hits she soffered wele as follows:
1) a 15 tnch shell through the bridge which
failed to explode but killed or wounded many
crew due to secondary shrapnel. One veEion I
have heard is they werc hit by the brass and glass
ftom the shattered compass binnacle. This inci-
dent is also dramatised in the film sinkThe Bie
marck
?l a | 5 inch hit on the sta.board crane. The shell
bu.st with extensive splintei damage and de-
stroyed a aadar room.
3I a I5 inch hit 2E fuet below the wate ine
which failed to explode (cushioned by hitting the
$/ater fi$t?l and caused only minor flooding.
4l an 8 inch hit which failed to explode but tem-
porarily knocked out the P3 5.25 inch secondary
gun turret due to Pure impact.
5l an 8 inch hit iust below the waterline \thich
paftly detonated I I feet inside the ship and
flooded the lower deck for 60 feet.
6) an 8 tnch shell hit 5 ieet below the wate.line
which exploded on impact and distorted the ar-
mourdeckas well as floodtng the lower deck for
80 teet.
shellhiton the director support of
7) an 8 inch
the bridce. The shell was another dud but it man-
aged to KO both high angle (AA gun) directors
beicrc leaving.
Civen that only two German shells out oI
seven exploded properly, it's clear HMs Hood
was even unluckier than | fi.st thought - she was
hit by a cerman shell which actually exploded!.
Hs also dear that the Pows f,oodlng was caused
by 8 inch gunfire. Yet according to some rule
books I have seen (and a few I have, for shame,
written) the Prince of Wales should not have even
Tooeilo altack 6t sa,ordflth (Alrt'trl on Getma
R,dfl4shlp (Tatnlw\. Phot/'grulhf 69 Rlaha,dEftt.
 been harmed by 8 inch gunfire. Typical I inch
shellsonlyweigh about 300 pounds and German
versions were even lighterthan thatl
Shells did noi need to even explode to cause
maior harm. During the Battle ofthe River plate,
the NewZealand cruiser HMNZS Achilles suffered
a hoist failure and failed to get6 inch shells com-
ing up in one of the tuffets. The NZ crew were
stjll getting their cordite charges, so they cast
around the turret forsomething to fire at the en-
emy and grabbed the starshells and the practice
or drill shot from the turret rear.
Quite what the crew of the KM Graf Spee
madeofthe p retty starshells burstingaround the
ship du.ing a daylight battle has never been re-
corded. But the Cerman records captured after
the war reveal one of the practice shot hit Craf
Spee and bounced around inside her like a pea
in a drum - smashing firemains and cable runs - was right in the middle ol the target areal
before exiting through a gunshield and knock-
ing out a light AAgun as a courtesy parting ges-
ture.
What is also clear from a survey of naval en-
gagements is that plunging gunfire at exrreme
range results in very fewhits but often quite con-
siderable damage when it does hit.
The Battle of the Komando.ski Islanos ln
March, 1943, js a rare long range daylight pacific
gun duel between the US and the lapanese in
which aircraft and torpedoes played ljttle or no
eftective part. In a wild stem chase, two uurser
and destroyerforces lobbed shells at each other
for more than lour hours at ranges of around
20,000 yards but scored very few hits. One ofthe
few 8 inch shells from HIln4S Nachi to strike USS
Salt Lake City almost crippled her as ir plunged
into an engine room and cut her sDeed to 2l
knots. only a wild but unsuccessful torpedo at-
tack by US destroyers relieved the pressure on
the SLC by causing the lapanese to tum iiwdy.
The battlecruiger KN4 Scharnhorsr wa9 ditu-
ally steaming away from HMS Duke ofyorkat the
Battle of North Cape and was steadily gai0ing
ground when she opened the range too far-and
increaced the angle ol the Duke ol york s in(om-
ing fire. A((ording to the fe$ Cerman survi!ors, a
shell or shells penetrated into the engine room
and Schamhorst ground to a halt. Destrover toF
pedoes finished her off and she tumed over
lf you consider just naval gunnery to be in-
accurate, you might liketo considerthe problems
of hitting ships with bombs. HMS Hermes and a
cruiser were overwhelmed by Iapanese Val
divebombels which claimed an estimated B0%
hits on the two almost helpless British vessels.
Howevercompare this lapanese claim with sorfle
post-warBritish tests on old warships waiting for
the scrapyard...
I ): In 1948 HMS Nelson was divebombed by
Barracuda llls flown by an experienced squad-
ron who were allowed to make practice runs first
and dropped their bombs from heighrs \,aryinC
trom 3,000 feet up to 8,000 feet. At 8,000 feer, 39
consecutive single bombs all missed, so the re-
lease height was reduced back to 6,000 feet. Re-
member, this is divebombers, not level bomb-
See the
MINIAIIURE W
stand at thefollouting shozos:
91y-or", 3rd August, Edinburgh The Worlds | 5 / 6Ltr Ocrober, Derby
SELWG, 20th October,
Warfare: 76/lTthNovember, Reading
for back issues, binders, card buildings, prints, or eaen just afrimdly chat
ers we are talking about herel They are SUP-
POSED to be more accuratel Out of the 104
bombs dropped from all heights, only l2 ever
hit their target. The Nelson was anchored, the
weather was fine and no-one was firing back at
the divebombersl
?): The previous year HMS Hawkins had been
trialbombed atSpithead by RAF Lincolns (a later
veFion of the Lancasterl. Flying over 27 days, and
with plenty of time for practice to make perfect,
the Lincolns managed to drop 616 bombs from
18,000 feet and scored just 29 hits. tt is littlewon-
der that demolition expert and raconteur Derek
'BIaster'Bates lwhen interviewed on the Michael
Parkinson show in the late 1960s after the Fleet
Air Arm failed to set fire to the stranded tanker
Torrey Canyon with HE and napalm bombsl
cheekily suggested thatthe safest place tostand
When Itook up navalwargamjng back in the
1960s, lread Donald Featherstones book lwhich
featured the Fred ,ane and Fletcher Pratt sys-
tems] and later P.Dunn's book Sea Battle cames
{Model and Allied Publications 19701.
I soon realised that the major factor which
keeps a ship afloat is the hull size and tne oe-
gree of intemal !ompanmentation The various
layers of armour applied to the side, deck and
turret improve its chance of survival but by the
Second World War, I would suggest this armour
was makingvery Iittle practical difference unless
hit by small calibre weapons. Even a hlmble 6
jnch shell hitting a baftleship upperworks could
wreck the radar systerns which battleships be-
gan to rely on to direct their gunfire from 1942
I have now eliminated armour penetration
charts and graphs from my own rules enti.ely in
favour ofa variatioa on the old Dunn points sys-
tem.
The gunnery rates of fire (in shellg per
minutel I use are NOT those quoted in the text
books and much misq uoted by many wargamers.
At long gun ran€es, the rate of fire is rarely
more than one round per minute, as the tlme ot
flight for long range shells can be up to 50 or 60
seconds perround and few navies like to fi.e the
next round until they have seen where tne last
one has landed and correctedthe fallofshot. This
slow rate offire also has a bearing on the relative
inaccu.acy of long range gunnery.
Maximum rates of fire would only apply at
close range and only fora few minutes, especialLy
if the guns were handworked - the crews would
exhaust themselves very quickly and for some
guns the ammunition supply was also limited. If
you have 100 rounds pergun how lon€ willit last
-
at ten rounds a minute? Answer l0 minutesl
Fewships stocked mo.e than 200 rounds per large
calibre gun.
I take two rounds per minute for all heavy
guns, three rpm for all 8 inch guns, five rpm for
all 6 inch guns, six rpm for all 5 inch guns and
around eight rpm for all 4 inch guns-
All guns score ma\imum points damage for
all hits, with no discriminatjon for the target ar-
London
mour that's already been accounted for in cal
culating the original ship points value. But the
points values are varied according to the range
at which the hits oacur
Gun hjts at extreme range lsaythe upper 20%
of gun range) cause double points damage to
account for the ellects of piunging fire, but gun
hits at point blank range cause half points dam-
age.
Yes-lsaidhalvedl
Why? An analysis of short range gunfire in
world war Two shows shells striking horizontally,
at close range, caused remarkably little damage
to ships. Shortranges certainlymean many more
hits, but not necessarily greater damage per hjt
scored, especially if the gun clearly overmatches
the targets armour
While the German destroyers hjt at the Sec-
ond Battle ol Narvik suffered obvious punch-
thtough due to l5 inch shells from HMSWarspite
passin€ right through them at close range, jt is
clear even larger ships suflered hom the same
proorem.
Try looking at the Battle of Matapan. Three
British battleships pumped l5 inch shells into
two ltalian heavy cruisers at point blank range
and with such accurary that whole salvoes were
seen to hit home. But the cruisers still had to be
sunk by torpedoesi The flat traiectory hi€h ve-
locity heaw gunfire only caused the ships to be
shot through and through above the waterline,
catch fire and be abandoned.
The same happened at Savo lsland
lcuadalcanall during the close range and con-
Iused n ightfightin€ which resulted in at least one
USvr'a.ship putting shells rjght through one otits
And the Bismarck? Trying going over the Dr
Roben Ballard photographs lookin€ for serious
gun damage on the wreck. The close range ofthe
action is confirmed by iust one apparent deck
hit, and even that appears to have sliced in at a
veryacute angle. Most ofthe shells whjch hit her
appear to have just blasted away the thin plate
of the upperworks.
There is a gaping hole on the portside, for-
ward ofthe bridge structurewhe.e a small maga-
zine seems to have e\ploded. With the main gun
turrets missing from the wreck lthe Royal NaW
claims one tur.et roof was actually shot off) the
main armament and gun turret damage is diffi-
cult to assess. But accounts of the battle stress
that with sometimes three or fourships shooting
at the Bismarck many saivoes may have either
missed in the confusion, or else passed right
through the Bismarckbefore explodingon the far
stde.
It was torpedoes and the Cerman scuttling
drill, not gunfire, which eventually finished oft the
Bismarck. The battleships had set course for
home when she Iinally went down.
So, when you are writing or researching your
navalwargamerulesrcmemberwhattheexperts
say...
''lf you want to let in air, ftfe a gun
- if you
want to let in water fire a torpedol"
Miniature Wargames No. 158
THE BATTLE OF ASPINDZA
APRIL 2OTH 1770
by Mark Bevis
RUSSIA
ln l?68 the Ottoman Turks declared war on Rus-
sia, after much peFuasion by France. Whilst pre_
paring for maior actions in the Crimea and East'
il
em Europe, the Russians under Tsarina Catherine g- KABARDIA CHECHNIA i
ABKHAZIA ,' "r
decided on action in the turbulent caucasus.
coincidentally,anemissaryfromwestceoEia
(lmeretiaJwasin Russiaseekinghelpagainstthe - -i
oo"""'on
Turks, who had ousted the lmereti leader King
Solomon I, aided by the otherwestern Georgian
BLACK
.,''"+' 'r*r'o )-li,ffi-*u
provinces of Mingrelia and Curia. Solomon I con-
tinued guenilla war against the Turks with 1500 sEA Pri(
\
,.}Y--i.. \\ --ri,:- &o"u;...,u".
troops. (,--, Aa,r
'-- ,.., //---.---rs-\n,,0 ..-1-%
'fr -..-.*_!;:>x..
-.)',.,/ '
Meanwhile, the eastem provinces of Geo.gia' \.
K artli and Kakheti, were controlled by King
Erekle II {also known as lrakle, Ergler Khan, &^ \o,-
Heraclius, LlerakLesl. He also received tribute
from ex-Persian provinces in Armenia ancl
--.-.--...
.\+_-L__-
Azerbaiian.
In May 1769 Erekle and Solomon agreed on
joint action againstthe Tirrks, provided the Rus-
sians sent at least 6ve regiments. So informed'
the Russians sent an advance guard ofone Hus-
sar company, a cossack detachment, and two
small guns, totalling 200 men. These were later
ioined by 300 infantry and D.agoons, the whole Rough Map of the Caucasus
being led by count cottlieb Todtleben. He was CI77Q
an incompetent German adventurer, wno man'

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Miniature Wargames July 1996

 l8[l
lsmrft Baatle Holl.ott'! Ttttfts .foss the dver Kuta. pftotognpilg 69 Ri.hdrd. E is.
aged tofallout with those around him.
Spending winter in lmeretia, the Russians fell
out with Solomon and joined with Erekle at
Tskhinvali in the central Caucasus, nonh-west of
Tiflis. Early in I770 the Russians were reinforced
by 4 guns and 400troops, while Erekle raised his
Ievies. These totalled I s.000 irregular inlantry and
light cavalry with 4 cannon. split inro se!en "Ban-
ners" of unequal size. Most had muskets, manv
were cavalry tat least half?l armed with muskei.
speat and/or round shield. ceoigians were re-
nown [ort]eircourageandabilitytotravellightly
equipped, and often theirprinces had proved to
be superior generuls, as was to happen in this
actron.
In March 1770, the iointCeorgian-Russian force
moved to Suram, with plans to take the Ofioman
provincial capital at Akhaltsikle. Todtleben ano
Erekle quarrelled agajn, and there was an attempt
at mutiny by a Russian colonel, so Erekle
marched on ahead alongthe river Kura, bypass-
jng the strcng Ottoman fort on the west bank
at
Adsquri. Todtleben followed, Iaying ineffectual
siege to the fort. When 70OO Ottomans and
Lesghis li.regular mountain tribesmen from the
north-east Catcasusl advanced towards Erekle,
Todtleben retreated fast back to K,art'li. This left
Erekle to face the Ottomans alone, and the two
metat the village ofAspjndzaon April20th 1720,
on the east bank ofthe Kura. This set the scene
for this scenario.
Georgian Forces
lst Corps: Prince Tsjtishvili (son-in-law of
Erekle); loo0 rnen hidden in woods.
2nd Corps: Ciorgi Batonishvili; l00O men,3
ve.sts (km ) north-west of the bridge,
on the east bank ofthe Kura.
3rd Corps: King Erekle ; IO0O men, 4 versts
from the bridge, nearthe villa€e of
Aspindza.
These historical deployments can be used, or
plalers can use their own deployments. Troops
can be fooL or mounted as desired, in any mix
LJp to 400 can fo.m the King's bodyguard as me-
orum cavalry.
Ottoman Turkish Forces
Overall CinC: Pasha of Akhaltsikhe, wirh 2000
men, p.obably split into:
2 Regiments@ 500 Yoruks inegular Iight cavalry:
spear, sword
3 Regiments@ 1000 Sipahi irregular medium cav-
alry: spear, musket, sword
2 Regiments@ S00lanissaries, matchlock 6 sword
2 Regiments@ 500 Anatolian Sekian infantry,
matchlock 6 sword
2 Regiments@ 500 Lesghi iffegular horse, spear,
sword, shield-
Infantry on both sides are inegular close or-
der matchlockmen, capable of movement in
rough terrain with ease. The yoruks and Lesehis
are skirmigh light ca!alry.like Cossacks ceor;ian
bodyguard cavalry and Ttrrkish Sipahhis are iF
regular close ordermedium cavalry, but can also
skirmish. Other ceorgian cavalry are skirmish
light cavalry. The Turkish force starts in cotumn.
crossing the bridge from west to east. An order
oJ march must be determined befo.e the eame
starts-
Morale ratings
The Ceorgians are all B class or the equivalent.
Yoruks. Janissaries, and Ledghis are D class, the
Sipahjs and Sekhans are C class.
Battlefield set-up
The rjver is deep and fast flowing and totally
unfordable. The wood is large and dense. The
village consists ofwooden buildings with an Ot-
toman built mosque. The rest of the battlefield
consigts of risingground slopin€ up hom the river
towards the village, with occasional fields, bare
Miniature Wargam€s No. 158

'tutfts bv Battle Honours unilet atta.k lrom set)et Yearc war. Russid'fis painted ba Mrlke Hdg'pad. Trees 6g KF'M Models. Photognphv bg RiAard Ellis-
of crops Ceorgian forces in the wood remain
unseen as longastheydo not move. ciorgi's force
should be off table, appearing at A-1, B-l or C- I
on d5+l turns atter move one, King Erekle sets
up in C/H-2,'3./4 as desired. Turks start in A-? in
column on the main track
In the actual battle the Turks failed to see the
ceorgians in the wood, and marched on to at-
tack Erekle s centre command As Giorgi's corps
advanced to support, Tsitsishvilis men stormed
a Turkish detachment guarding the bridge and
routed it. With Ceorgians to their reaf, the Turks
now fell back, being pushed towards the river,
where many drowned in atlempting to flee. Re-
portedly, the Turks lost virtually everyone. to
Georgjan losses of 25 men
As a wargamers option, and an excuse to use
lSth century Russians, the game organiser couLd
assume that the Russians advanced instead of
retreating. lf so. lhey arrived ID6+6 moves after
tum one. in column at B-1, with the following
AHO: Count von Todtleben
Husgar Company: 80 men
cossack Sotnia, 90 men
Battery 2x light guns,probably 4pdr
lnfantry Regiment; 200 men
Dragoon Squadron: 100 men
Battery, 4x light guns, probably 6pdr
lnfantry Regiment: 400 men
Miniature Wargames July 1996
18$ CENIUTNT
Fior rrps
For Russians, use Seven Years War or Revolution-
ary wars Russians.
ForTurks, any Ottoman Napoleoonic and Ren-
Specialist Club
aissance range will provide allthe figures needed
except Lesghis - forthese use Cossacks in big fllr
hats and without the cartridge slots on the chest.
For Georgians, any Renaissance Cossack or
The Seven
ceor€ian will have to do, possibly in I'mm,
[,,linifigs l6th Century Tarters (68XCJ or Cossacks
(66Xc and 66Xl , and possibly 2c349 for the body-
Years War
guard, which may have still lvorn some annour
and plumed helmets. Shields we.e round. For
rules. dny lSth Century or Napoleonic or Renais-
Association
sance set that copes well with jrregulars can be
used - not DBRthough, as lightholse have been
rendered a Lrseless burden in those rule' espe-
cially when compared with DBM.
UK contact
The main source used for this scenario, plus
notes compiled for future use, comes from, Phil Mackie
The last Years of the Georgian Monarchy 1658
- I832 by David MarshallLang, Coiumbia lJniver- 30 Penn HillAvenue
sity Press [] 957].
Parkstone
Poole
Dorset
BH14gLZ
 pf eme
Begiment
delnfanterie de l.,igne
Jena IBOG - 1996
This will be the next big Napoleonic re-enactment batile which will be held on
this famous battlefield, Napoleonic regiments from all over Europe will be taking
part and the Emporer's favourite regiment, lhs l'leme de Ligne, will be there with
their Eagle.
This coming campaign will also witness them at Boulogne and Lille, France. We
will also lake pan in the Napoleonic Association events that appear throughout
Britain ..... lf you would like to be part of our coming campaign as a Fusilier or a
Musician (fife or drummer) in our drum corps, or even a member of our medical
team, then there is a place for you in our ranks. Everyone is welcome.
For more information write to:
Chris Durkin,22 Swallow St., Otdham. Lancashire OLg 4LD

Please mention Mil, iature Wargames when replying to Advertisers

'l/ictoria Miniatures
25, Suaiw Mea[ou, Churftstetuo Shropsfiire SyO 6t{,1
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apologise to all who have sutfered in this way. The machine has now been replaced.

FIRST THE GOOO NEWS. Because of the overwhelming demand, production of our first l Omm
figures has been accelerated, and we now expect to release these ranges beginning at the end of
June, some 3 months ahead of schedule. The remaking of those figures in badly worn moulds from
the old Pioneer ranges has been accelerated, and we should have complete ranges available shor y.

Now rHE EVEN BETTER NEws. Plans are well advanced for the introduction ol l omm ancient
ranges.

AND THE BEsr NEws oF ALL. This autumn we will be releasing a range of lomm scale resin
buildings to match our new figures.

For complete lists of our current and new ranges, send €1.00 (refundable against first order)
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Miniature l/Vargames July 1996

 &'gg g tk-g'€:iffi Pi %&i,,&$&,ru^&&'9fl,S
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b], Da\'ld Chandler, The Armies of US Crant
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the Roman Empire H/B t.l|.(}O Pr'ess
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15mm French Naooleonics at f14 per bag of 100 foot or 30 cavalry or 12 guns & 48 crew.
Below we list most, but not all, of our l5nun French Napoleodcs. See catalogue for Auslians, RussiaDs & Confederation of the Rline. Plus llags for each range.

FFD I Full dress Command FGC 1 Greatcoats Command FAH 2 Horse Anillery service ilress
FFD 2 Full dress march attack FGC 2 Greatcoats defending FMD 2 Dragoons full dress in reverse
FFD 3 Full dress Elite's march attack FGC 3 Greatcoats Elite's defending FMD 3 Dmgoons tull service d{ess charging
FFD 4 Full dress advancing FGC 4 Geatcoats rcceiving FMD 4 Dragoons firll dress charging
FFD 6 Full dress road march FGC 5 Greatcoats Elitet receiving FMC 2 Cuirrassiers full dress in rcs€Ive
FFD 7 Full dress Elite's road march FCc 6 Creatcoats VoltigtDrs skirmishing FMC 3 Cuirassiers se ice dress chaqing
FFD 8 Full dress wounded, half pack at f,7.50 FLL 1 Legere Commard FMC 4 Cuirassie$ fulldrcss cha(ging
FCD 1 Campaign drcss Conunand FLL 2 Legere charging FMH 2 Hussars full dress in lese e
FCD 2 Campaigr dress march attack FLL 3 Legere skirmishing FMH 3 Hussars service drgss charging
FCD 3 Carnpaign dress Elite's march attack FLL 4 Legere Elite in fur caps
All packs contain vaiant figures
FCD 4 Campai$ drc.ss charging FAF I Foot Artillery full dress
FCD 5 Campaign dress Elite's charging FAF 2 Artillery service dress
Foot
Not lrrfel Guads, Ma$hal's, Carabiders,
Lancers, Artillery bams e!c.
FCD 6 Campaign dress Voltigue$ skirmishing FAH 1 Horse Aftillery ftll dress
AL\o @d tnb f,om: - In USA: Ebpm HQ, 5?,14 We* Irvins Pek Chicsso, Ilinois 60634. 7n Coada OId Clory Cdad& 242 \rind@ft Avenue, Tmnlo, Ontdio. M6S 3K3. Cdada (416) 766 7690
rr 6,mnrj Badrc crcuhd cal@, \teho* Shlda 15,86391 Sadb.rgen. i. FdM.r Chmp De Md, ll Rlc D. S.vigrc. ?@4, Patu. tt Seinr T@en C.B. CMctleIin 5,28010 M.&id @l Acti.sl S A
Pe6cales, 5. 28028 Ma&id, I!]!cr44(s Old Glo.t alstdn! 101 weld slre! B*@s6cld, Tdnuis, ?270. AGdaIa, (003) 83 I 5?6

Post &Pocking: IJK &BFPO 10% of order value. EUROPE 25% of order value. OUTSIDE EUROPE 50% of order value.
We accept VISA & MASTERCARD. Cheques payabie to: Old Glory Corpofttion.IgasLe@bloga f 1.00 plus large SAE with 38p stamp ple€se.
FIGURES CONTAIN LEAD - NOT SUITABLE FOR CHILDREN

Pleas€ m€ntion Miniature Wargames when rtplying to Advertisers

NEW RELEASES cot LEcrdR 2l,ll0

1/3{l}tt.in..ll
APRIL 1996

wrearc{l,rR30tr1rd)P

c6€r M.roo{Nidr&rnj
&w.s4r.cg

FIGT]RE PRICES
ORDERJNC f,{IORMAI'ION ( A K Addr. s s ) UK ADDRESS ORDERING INIORMATION /USAeddt $)
POST & PACXAGING POST & PACKINC
UK: 12% of oder value ,p to €40 *il! ! dinimum ?ostage of t0.60.
AIL PACXS COST EI.OO AND CONTAIN 8
FOOT FIGURES OR 4 MOI]NTEI) USA: 15% of dd€r vabe qith a niniDu chalgc of $2. Oides
ordlls of over t40 P&P is fie. FIGI]R.ES ov€r $lm US aie st
post fce.
EUROPE: 25% ofords value u? to !40 wlh a ni mm cbarge of OYERSEAS: Fd sDif&€ nail disparch add 20% of otder p14s
COMMAN]D PACKS CONTAIN EITIIER 6
€1. Oder of ove. f40 P&P is redu@d !o 15%.
FOOT OR 3 MOI]NTED T'IGURF,S value dd fc an mil diiprtch plss
of order vahe.add 40%
WORLD-WIDE: 5(% of order value on order u! to i40 qith a PAYMENTT W€ accept MASTERCARD. VISA CIIEQUBS or
ninimum chalg. of r?. Ordeb of ove. !4O P&P is reduced ro 4{% USAADDXJSS Foley odkr!. All paymena ro be i! US tloll6-
COMMAND PACI(S COST $3.00 AND FOR A COPY OF OllR FIJ'LL CATAI-OGUE CONIAINING 25m
PAYMENT: We accept ACCESS ahd VISA. Posral o.de6, CONTAIN EITIIER 6 FOOT OR 3 SFdd Forsx t5lm Hjsldical md Fat sy, trd further U300th
lnl€mlion l momy ordss ad cheqles. AI tsolld be oade payable MOUNTED I'TGURFS NORMAL PACTS Ancr!ft Almw dd mval ficues SEND A SAE TO ANY OF THE
10 SCOTTA MICRO MODELS. COST $5.00 AND CONTAIN EITIIDR 8 ABO}IE ADDRESSES.
F(rcT OR 3 MOUNTED FIGURES

Minia re wargam$ July 1996

 MINIAIIURE WAIRGAMES
GLASSIFIED
MEGABOOKS 2nd hand military books.
SSAE for lists. 36 Melboum€ Steet. Barrow-
in-Fumess, Cumbria LAl4 5TU
VENMDMCI transfers latest catalogue
now available. Please send A5 SAE (or2lRC's
for non-UK enquiries) to 42 Salterforth Road,
Earby, Lancs BB8 6ND
AUSTRALIAN Wargamer selling well painted
25mrn Zulu,tsritish Army, will sell as units or
complete. Also 25mm figures painted and
unpainted ancient to modem. Plus books and
tenain. Contact Mick (02) 560 0?42 Sydney,
Australia.
DBA ARMIES l5nrm professionally painted
and based up to an exceptional standard.
Contact Hashim Husain on 01273 27O'l84Ior
details.
25MM BRITISH painred Napoleonic army
consiiting of: i2 mounted. q8 infanrry. 2
batteries of artillery 6 horse team & limber, any
reasonable offer accepted. Telt Danen, 01273
20'7114.
f 5MM TWO DRAGONS Samurai 30 cavalry
g infanfiy, f45; Malian Roman.6 cavalry. 120
infantly, f,36; Normans, 40 cavalry 54 infantry,
t40. Fred Taylor (01642) 8154'74.
PAINTED Austrian Napoleonic cavalry,
15mm, 25p each; Plastic Airfix figures, lists.
SAE toA Marks,48 Mossbank Avenue, Luton
LU2 9HH, Beds.
VIETNAM 20nrm - 206 figures, 30 vehicles,
8 helicopters, 3 aircraft, 4 Riverine Vessels. all
painted; 73 figures unpainted - plus buildings,
books, rules alld ierrain- Emigration forces sale.
Ring Chris 01635 522204.
15MM ROMAN Republican Army. painred
and based DBM. Offers over 175. Telt Robeft
Smith, 01592 655812.
BOA RD WA RGAMES: A\. alon Hilt. SPl, elc.,
good condition. List - SAE David,502
Maidstone Road, Wigmore, Oillingham, Kent
ME8 ONW.
HINCHCLIFFE 25mm Napoleonic Bdtish
figur€s. Infantry and cavalry, ma]Iy painted. €50
for 150+ figures. David,,01634 263472.
1r2 PLASTIC Figure sets - A.F.V's, Aircrafr,
Forts, Batdesets, Buildings. Scenery, Trees!
Ancient to Modem! l/32, l/35. 54mm-60rtun,
Figuresl 20mm metal figures! Books,
Boardgames. NEW! Napoleon, Austrian,
Russian, Crrenadiers & infantry 1805, Waterloo,
Farmhouse! Plus 'Action' A.F.VS-, trucks,
jeeps, HQ metal (no glueing or paintirg! Ready
for battle !) Also I /35 A.F.V Kits. Sorry no lists !
|
TeL Ol2'7 7'1757. A Peddle "Sunnymead", 4
Braunton Road, Bamstaple, N. Devon EX3l
IJY
ATLANTIC, figures. AFV's, boxed loose,
20mm. l/32. SAE for lists. M Bennett,9
Addison Way. North\rood, Middlesex HA6
lsR.
BOARD GAMES and gaming magazines.
military and avia on books and magazines.
unpainted Hinchcliffe figures, mainly French
and Russian Napoleonic. Send stamped, self-
addressed envelope to: McCorry, 167 Uxbridge
Rd., Hampton Hill, MiddxTWl2 lBQforlists.
BUYING WELL PAINIED figures/armres.
especially 25mm required. All periods,
quantity. Will purchase compLele collecrions.
For immediate ca.sh offer phone Rob Myers
0181 503 7064 (evenings).
WHITE DWARF magazines, issues 1-15
inclusive. Reasonable price paid for reasonable
condition. Phone Me yn on 01162 7l'7'793
after 6pm
FORTRESS AMERICA, MB Gamesmaster
Series, complete. Good condition. Phone Dave
Mott 0181 568 0284 evenings or weekends.
CITADEL GANG BUSTERS, 25mm
unpainted and other gangster figures, good
price. Ring Guy on 0181 296 8549.
WARFARE PAINTING. All scales for sample.
Contact Mark Tyzack, l9 Browne Road,
Fulwell. Sunderland. Tel:0191 549 829C
(010 |t(vM
HICH QUATITY PAINTING
AND FICURE CUSTOMISATION
SERVtCE, SPECTAUSTNC tN
ANCIENTS TO RTNAISSANCE
Please send f2.50 for sample figure and listings,
Palabte to I. Sleap, 1 Woodview Ternce, Leeds
LSl l 6LF- Tel 0113 2775021
S.T.A.B. '96 WARGAMING and Modelling
Show: July 27l28th at Oaknead School, Duck
Lane, Boumemouth, Dorset. Featuring: A large
selection of haders, participation /demonshation
and competition games, more gaming tables *
flsL come lsl serve. or reserve by letler).
Modelling/Painting Competitions, Raffle, Bring
& Buy, Canteen, FREE CAR PARKING,
Camping and Caravan facilities. For further
details contact: Dave (01202 420966) or Les
(ot202 3925'72\.
SALVO '96 East Anglia's premier wargames
show. Gilberd School. Highwoods, Colcbester-
Sunday 3rd November. bdng and buy, over fifty
stands. Traders: Dave (01206) 44558. Clubs:
Robert (01206) 563567.
any
A comprehensive gaming system (for 1B00th
and l5mm figures) complete with Combat
charts, Templates, Army structure and
Commander list, that helps you recreate the
conflict of the Napoleonic era-
For your copy ofthese Jolly nice rules' send a
cheque for 14.99 (postage included) payable to
D Marks: 11 Foxiunter Walk, Billericay, Essex
CMII IDZ.
SECONDIIAND FIGURES bought, sold and
part-exchanged. contact: HiDds Figures, 99
Birchover Way, Allestee. Derby DE22 2QH-
Tel: 01332 559025.
COLCHESTER WARGAMES
ASSOCIATION meet every
Friday from 7pm at Tollgate Hall,
Villa Road, Colchester. For
information ring Dave King
(01206) 44558
LARGE SELECTION of board wargames
from f,5.00, plus Miniature Wargames early
issues. Please ring for details 01706 354294
aSteohen).
FIGURES PAINTED to the highest standard,
27 years wargaming experience with
international clientele. Send SAE and t1 for
sample & liststo 30Clasgow St., Northampton
NN5 5BL. tel: 01604 583370.
Miniature Wargames No. 158

COLCHESTER WARGAMES
ASSOCIATION meet every
Friday from 7pm at Tollgate Hall,
Villa Road. Colchester. For
information ring Dave King
(01206) 44558
WARGAMES FIGURES oainted to collectors
standard. 5mm to 30mm sample free
with SAE or 5 lRCs. For sample 15mm
figure and lists send f2.95 or f3.95 for
25mm sample figure. payable to
Gerard Cronin. 74 Crofton Road,
Orpington. Kent BR6 8HY
New t€lephone number: 01689 828474
l5mm and 25mm a speciality.
US customers please send $5 bill for 15mm
same and list,
'9t9609 IZto ellqol tr 0l9ls9 6tzt0 uo duru
'puPq puoies pue .reN asrpuBqJrsur pu€ lDl
,(eld aloJ e^rl pue ]ualuFEuo-ad sJluacs:saue8
:s{ooq :s,dgd isornSrj SuruleSrelA 'Sulllas
pue 8ur{ng 'SXJIIId 'I'Iv 'SS'IVJS 'I'IV
BUYS, SELLS Fantasy. Science Fiction
figures. garnes. RPG r etc. Neu. used. Cames
Workshop specialists. historical hgures etc to
l5mm. 0l8l 675 1998
4-. AFRIENDLY \e( orofessiolal
Il -.- OualrlY trgure Darntrnp service at
,1 ,,t realislic;ric;s for atl periods
ff< and scales up to 40mm. Read;
t \ oainted unils available from
, L stock. For samples and cudent
lists send €2.0b or $5 bill for
15mm sample or t3.50 for 25mm sample to:
John Parkes. 24 Pemberton Road, Admaston,
Teford TF5 OBL. (01952) 254408.
HIGH QUALITY PAINTING AT
REALISTIC PRICES. 25mm from f3.50.
l5mm from !1.50. Phone for details of
catalogue and sampl€ Any scale, any period,
anything. Colchester (01206) 501822.
HIGH QUALITY urethar resin sceo€ry
castillgs. Scales 6mm through to 25mm.
Constantly updated catalogue from craftsman
atrd artist. lan Weekley. SAE for list to Old
Anchor of Hope, Lammas. Norwich NR 10 5AF-
Tel: 01603 279?08
l{iniaure Wargames July 1996
MODERN FIGURE PAINTING SER\-ICE
for the wargamer who wants the best arcund.
foryourself. Write to:
Send me a figure and see
Court. Irndon E2 9LI (0181-983
14 Jameson
664'7)
Your wargame figurines painted to
collector's and wargamer's standard Also
15mm & 25mm range of llags now
available.
Send SAE for price list & details
C. Klimczak, 11a Blakeney Cou.t, Cookham Road,
Maidenhead, Berk. Sl-16 7ER
Tel:01628-289994
Simply Scenics PROVIDING AN inexpenstve
range of terrain pieces and scenics. Trees from
40p, bills, ponds, marshes, fields etc from t1.50.
SAE for listings. l8 Carol Avenue, Bromsgtove,
Worcs 861 8RN
BOOKSTOP BOOKSHOP
We buy and sell
BOOKS and GAMES
Speciarii D?a1.6 in Out-oI-P.int & Sc.ondhand.
Military & Wargaming Book
Wargames I Roleplaying I Magazines
Send AS SSAE for GAMES Catalogue
11 Maytield Grove, ga$ogate HGl sHD
North Yorkshire, Tel: 01423 505E17
THE LAST VALLEY high quality wargames
terrain and extensive range of buildings in
l5mm and 25mm. SAE for lists to 12 Chaucer
Street. Hull. E. Yorkshire HUS 8NA
QUALITY FIGURE
PAINTING SERVICE iN
6mm to 30mm scale. Hand-
made buildings made to order.
Painted units and buildings
from stock. AFV kits built and painted.
International clientele. Let me tum your stock
of bare metal into units and armies. For sarnples
and further details send €2 or $5 bill. 5l
Ashgrove Road, Horfield, Bristol BS7 9LF.
0l l7 983 7508.
FOR SCRATCH BUILT BUILDINGS and
terrain, selrd for tie latest copy of our illustrated
brochure, featuring high quality handmade
models. Send C4 size SAE to: James Main,
Sextons, wymondham Road, Bunwell,
Norwich NRl6 lNB
KEITII JOHN \ryARnEN, Wargarne Servlces.
Painting and Assembly of Figurines, Vehicles,
Building equipment. Any size, any period,
realistic trees, basing and scenic uork
manufachred to order. For list and samples send
f2.50 redeemable with first order to:49
Guildford Ave.. Wlitfield, Dover, Kent CT16
3NG. Tel: 01304 826300. Established USA &
UK Customer Base since 1982. All orders
despatched under insurance.
HAPPY 2OTH BIRTIIDAY SOLO
WARGAMERS ASSOCIATION. For d€tails
of the Solo Wargaming Magazine contact
Stephen Moore, 120 Great Stone Road.
Firswood, Manchester Ml6 OKD or Rich
Barbuto, l?07 Ridge Road, Leavenworth,
Kansas 66048 USA.
FORMERLY TROJAN ENTERPRISES.
For professionally pailted figures at a realistic
price with over 10yrs experi€nce. For 15mm
sample and catalogue, send tl.00 or $5 bill to:
Rex Kiflg, 4l Sturdee Avenue, Great Yarmouth,
Norfolk NR30 4HJ. Tel:014q3 859 577.
BATTLE FOR TSTH CENTURY EUROPE
in the First Crusade. A highly rated Award
WinningPBM, established 1989- Players World
Wide. For free info: Kelem Games, 4 Avon
Road. worcesrer wR4 9AF.
WARRIOR MINIATURE NEW
CATALOGUE now available. Send tI.50 in
stamps plus an SAE. State interests for sample.
Most popular periods in l5mm and 25mm
covered. Overseas send five dollar bills or
equivalelt. 15mm armies only f9.95 each plus
tl.50 post; ACW. ECW, Napoleonic, Roman,
t8th Cent., Zulus, Fantasy AImy of Good o.
Evil. etc. Minimum 100 pieces. Napoleonic 100
piece 25 mm army only f 17.95 plus €3 .30 post
French. British. Austrian. Russian, Prussial,
Spanish. New. English Civil War 25mm and
Fantasy l0nrm. Wanior Miniatures, (MW157),
14 Tiverton Averue. Glasgow C32 gNx, Tel:
0141 778 3426. Visa, Access, Mastercard
 WARGAMES RULES FROM TTG
TABLETOPGAMES
29 BERESFORD AVENUE, SKEGNESS, MODERN PERIOD NAPOLEOMC & TSth CENTLTRY
LINCOLNSHIRE PE25 3JN clBleser 2000 rules t4.75 Sound of lhe Guns lll !3.95
Postage Rates - UK l07o (Min 35p) &uipnent Handboo* (Pad I) f4.50 13.95
Dgesl4 iEumFan Lists) t2_95 12.95
Overseas 157o (Surface) 60% (An) Modem Aiftrafi Handb@k f3 50 2m Yearx (5nun lrles) 13.9i
Credit Card Orders :- (01'754\'16'71'79 t2.95 2m Yeds AmI Lists t3.95
t4.25 Aclion Under Sarl 41h Ed 13.95
SEND S,A,E. FOR NEW CA'IALOGI'E An & Sea (Air/NaYal landing dles
Itlid lSth Century rules t3.25
t3.25 I 8th Century Army Lisrs 1795
Fiefignt (Skinnish)
W.RG. RTJLES & BOOKS Bodycount (Vietmm Skimisb) t3.25 A.C.W.
MAILORDER DBR Renrlss"dce DMB 14.9s hosub (Md Sub Combar) 8.75 Ctr€ 1863 rules 12.5t)
DBR List I u.9s ANCIENT PDRIOD Once Upon a Time in the W€st
NEWFROMTABLETOP DBM RRules L4.95
SIEGE lAnc & Med Sieg€t
(GunfiChr) t615
DBM Army List Vol 1 t4.95 r2.50
Shock of l.npa.t rules t3.95
MORX SOLDIERS OF THE DBM Amy Lisl Vol 2 t4.95
DBM Amy List Voi 3 t4.95 n.95
QUEEN swold & Shield (Skimish)
7 YEARS WAR GUIDES
DBM Amy List Vol 4 !4.95 f?.95
Army Lbts & Scendos for ?th Edition rules !3.99 Rudis (Gladiaiors & CbarioB) f2.50 No I The Bnlish €1.50
Soldi€rs of the Queen Rules ?rh Ediiion Lists \bl 2 No 2 The French €3.50
!4.95 MEDIEVAL PERIOD
By David Elkes t4.25 DBA Rules (Revised) t2.95 $.75 No 3 The Austriam E3.50
DBAFantasy f4.95 Retinue (Stimishj No 4 The Prussians 8.95
t3.25
NAPOLEON'S EUROPE $.99
RENAISSANCE PERIOD No 5 The Swedes L3.25
c6 p.B. Bud. to (ouima & ama in rhe f3.99
Nlpoleodc En. Bl R 5
-_^-
\rhkMBA t5,Y5 tl.99 Tedco nles !5.50 lio 6 Tbe Hanovarians !3.50
f4.95 Ssard & Pistol (Skimish) u.95 No 7 The Saxons t3.25
WARGAMINGTHE Revised 1925 50 Rules t3.99 AnEda (Navar) f325
1OO DAYS Revised 1950-2000 Rules t3.99 wwl & wwII FR{NCO-PRUSSIAN G{JIDE
The Unifom & Oooisation of L\e
62 oaF aid. b LlE Bau L.s & Ames n
w.R.G. BOOKS Fftfly (limdr scalej f.4.25
e-i* r.*-p-"i- w-
u,. rmo.yc-p.cn svac*.n i4.95 Combired qms (l/.100 S(ale) r3.50
.r ur. f,5.95
{12_j0 wwLr Lrsr dl uBanLsauons 14.25 WARFARE IN THE
{io r; wwllturLleen$ lsceMolr 13.95 INDUSTRIT{L AGE
Pike to Shol
Comed* ^^ -.
185+1371 tJ. /5
Middle Ages Pan I I[ 50 Tanka] | Skim ) t3.25 Rule!fordre penod
Ed Amy List Vol 3 Middle Aes Pan 2 t 12.50 Korps Con,nand€r iDiv Scalel 14.25
Neu East fl2 50 Trench (w$'l Tr€nch Warfel !2.50
ALSO IN STOCK Prosrmmed. Scenanos f,9.95 Kasi€rbosh 0nvl Skimislr) 13.75 REVO FLAGS
In Tbe Grmd Manner Rules t7.50
Canpaigns !7.50 Dogfignt over Fledeu (Anl 13.50
The lull range of Revo Flags
Jet Noise (Mod an RuLes) E7.95
!e.e5 coLoNL{L and Transfers also stocked
Principles of Wd icolonial) !7.50 Zuluruhs f2.50
WE STOCK H&R & NAVWAR Send S.A.E. i2 IRCt) for o copy
Fiter & Fury Rule! r.12.99 !3.75
TANKS & EQL'IPMENT Pony wars (lndbn Fighnns) 13.25
of odr NEw I996 CATAIOCUE
Rapid Firc Rule! t9.99

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IRREGULAR MINIATURES NEW_
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69a ACOMB ROAD, HOLGATE, YORKYO2 4EP YEL: t0t904 r 79059? Catalogue tu out no$,. Complete
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f, 2.50 inctuding saEples

-
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Jor tfu Collector or qanur.
for our fu[[ 42mm fisu an[ samp[e Jigure, pfease sen[ E1
A{ew 42mmBnilsfr
LWNts 1 Ligfit Infanh! 'tu tfu qea[!' 55p

'Jrencn Many more to fofbw

Painte[ 42mn - Infanhy f,2.40
1 Liir2 ltJatLh! - march attack 65P
Eaiftte[ 42t t r - Coua[ry f4.00
'tl$2 Ftaftlaconpan! IflJan ! - narch attwft 55P
3 l4oiltl! OIfrzr 551
4
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L'r4Wrn Pinftaer lflJantl! 65P courqerf f45
Lwf 11 footAtti{Izry+4Crcu 15.00
L't|e\{t u 4 ltorse Litfier + 2 OutTite6 f6.50 A{ew in6mm
Cuirassier C aitafry troo p er t130
14 Cuhassitr C oo a h! Olfiet L130 qari6aftean Army (at tast) f,7.50
Cuimssier Cao ahy Stan{ad tl30 Sitdmontese Ann! f,7.50
Cuisrsier Caua[/! tsuf hr ElJO Qbase ring for more [enik,

Miniature Wargames No. 158

 ESSEX MINIATU RES EsTABtsHED 1e7e
NEW 25MM RUSSIAN NAPOLEONIC
1808.1815 1812-1815 (Kiner shako) Pavlov Gr6nadiers
Price A RNAP 21 Fusilier roady A RNAP 41 Grenadier
Code A RNAP 22 Fusilier kneeling firing C RNAP 42 Officer
A RNAP 1 Fusilier at attention A RNAP 23 Fusilier advancing C RNAP 43 Standard Bearer
A RNAP 2 Fusilier kneeling read', C RNAP 24 Oflicer C RNAP 44 Drummer
A RNAP 3 Fusilier firing C RNAP 25 Standard Bearer Opolchonie (Militia) with cap
C RNAP 4 Officer C RNAP 26 Drummer A RNAP 45 Musketeer firing
C RNAP 5 Standard Bearer A RNAP 27 Grenadier ready A RNAP 46 Musketeer kneeling ready
C RNAP 6 Drummer A RNAP 28 Grenadier kneeling firing A RNAP 47 Spearman
A RNAP 7 Grenadier at attention A RNAP 29 Grenadier advancing C RNAP 48 Officer
A RNAP 8 Grenadier kneeling ready
C RNAP 30 Grenadier Officer
A RNAPg Grenadier firing
C RNAP 31 Granadier Standard Opolcheni€, tall fat hat
C RNAP 10 Grenadier Officer
Bearer A RNAP 49 lVusketeer iiring
C RNAP 11 Grenadier Standard
C RNAP 32 Grenadler Drummer A RNAP 50 lMusketeer at attention
Bearer
A RNAP 33 Jager firing
A RNAP 51 Musketeer kneeling ready
C RNAP 12 Grenadier Drummer
A 34 Jager advancing
A RNAP 52 Musketeer ready
A RNAP 13 Jager firing
C
RNAP
35 Jager Officer
A RNAP 53 Spearman
A RNAP 14 Jager Advancing RNAP A RNAP 54 Spearman
C RNAP 15 Jager Officer C RNAP 36 Jager drummer A BNAP 55 Officer
C RNAP 16 Jager Drummer C RNAP 37 Artilleryman with
C RNAP 17 Artilleryman Runner rammer N NEO 21 12 pdr cannon
C RNAP 18 Art. with ball C RNAP 38 Art. with ball N NEO 22 6 pdr cannon
C RNAP 19 Art. with match C RNAP 39 Art. with match N NEO 23 l0 pdr unicorn {howitzerl
C RNAP 20 Art. with handspike C RNAP 40 Art. with handspike N NEO 24 20 pdr unicorn {howitzer)

ESSEX MINIATURES ARE MAJOR STOCKISTS OF THE FOLLOWING ITEMS: AGlFlS

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