Interviewer: Thank you so much. Lilian.

Like I said my name is Ronald and we are, I was part of the

research team that was doing research on behalf of Dr. Obua Flavia.

Respondent: You were doing research on

Interviewer: we were doing research and collecting information on the adoption of climate smart
agriculture practices on the farms of female and male smallholder farmers So, I will appreciate much
information that you can provide in this area. The information you provide for the study will be treated
as in confidence and used for academic purposes. Okay. So now we are looking at Smart Agriculture in
needs you know, like modern farming methods, but not all of them that apply to smart agriculture. In
Smart Agriculture, we are looking at crop rotation, we are looking at, crop rotation, we looking at
intercropping we are looking at zero grazing. We are looking at pest management and then we'll look at
mulching then water conservation and so forth.

Respondent: yes.

Interviewer: So, I'll be asking you some questions in relation to gender like male and females whether
some do apply to male some apply to females in that category like that according to your area

Respondent: Okay,

Interviewer: so, now the first one says What are some of the barriers or challenges female and male
smallholder farmers in your community face in adopting t climate smart agriculture practices?

Respondent: Thank you, the measure challenge that my people are facing in like promoting smart
climate agriculture number one I know in good improved seed is also one of smart climate agriculture So
you find like my farmers when you move those around subcounty and you saw, we don't have like those
well settled agro-input dealers so my people have to move up to apac town to look for improve seeds
for planting that is the major challenge all of them they are facing and sometimes you'll find like when
they go like that there is a high increase in purchasing the seeds today you find like they are selling
maize like of about 20,000shs 15,000shs per sacket like now when it comes to sample you hear its now
65000 per sacket and at the end again they buy at a lower price (harvest). So that is what is affecting my
farmers. And they are also interested in planting trees. but, you find like we can link them with some
organizations which plant trees, who supply trees. at the end of it you realize that they have not even
brought so I was trying to promote like if we can just set for them some nursery bed for trees.

interviewer: Okay. So, barriers different for male farmers and female farmers or they cut across

respondent: no, it cuts across.

interviewer: Okay, so meaning even the seeds are expensive?

Respondent: yes, some of them and even just end up planting local seed and it also affects the yield of
their production but some of them who can afford they can't travel some people goes up to lira some
people go to apac to look for seeds.

Interviewer: Okay, so another one says how inclusive are this climate smart agriculture practices
promoted in your region in terms of considering the needs priorities and constraints experienced by
smallholder farmers in the region sorry, how inclusive are they? Are these practices promoted in the
region?
Respondent: Yeah like if you move around you have also seen I see like they have done it and you find
like there others majorly they have planted a lot of trees and I can say like they are practicing it daily all
the time, and when it comes to crop rotation there they are perfect. They are doing it you find this time
somebody has planted legume You find next time cereal is there another you find right like cassava
those things.

Interviewer okay. Oh, that was nice actually for the trees we saw them

Respondent: yeah for the trees they are there but of course they also does one upcoming. Like at least
they have adopted planting of trees.

Interviewer: Okay. So what policies are you aware of that are in place to support the adoption of climate
smart agriculture practices in the region?

Respondent: They first one no cutting of trees once you cut at least you replace

Interviewer: So that is the only one any other?

Respondent: another one of course we are also promoting those ones who have not planted tree to
continue planting the trees

Interviewer: okay, so are these policies gender inclusive like whether do they consider males are the
ones who do the planting female or both?

Respondent; For me in my sub county always they do their things together. you find what a woman is
doing it is what the man has implemented and all of them they do together they are, not separating like
a woman does her own things or a man does his own things.

Interviewer: so, in actual sense everything they do it both husband and wife?

Respondent: yes.

Interviewer: ok another one says; what platforms are available for female and male smallholder farmers
in terms of obtaining information about new climate smart agriculture practices?

Respondent Yeah, I personally, I moved to them and also advocate about climate smart agriculture.
That's why you're seen some of them have planted some young trees others have promoted, like even
you find like they are also planting coffee like that. Another thing they can also get the information
through the radio like that.

Interviewer: Okay. So, would you be aware of any information barriers or gaps that exist?

Respondent: Between?

Interviewer: between like these people receiving the information on radio maybe you also reaching the
farmers are there any challenges that you face? oh, that you think your farmers are facing in order to
access the information?

Respondent: I don't think there's much challenge. Because like right now, if you move you will find in
each and every family at least there is a radio and you hear them getting information like that. And me I
always move to them at least from village to village
Interviewer: Okay. So how do you ensure gender inclusiveness in terms of adoption of climate smart
agricultural practices in your area?

Respondent: Yeah, when I move to them, I don't separate like I want all the women and more so when I
make a schedule to go and meet them, you realize like there attend as a family yeah, they're like they're
supportive to one another. Like you know, men they're lazy at implementing but they're very good at
adopting the invasions like maybe when you bring a program like this but the person who support it so
much it is the woman because you find all the time the woman is there with the children they are the
doing the work, but the man is also okay with it only that Sometimes, you know men also Yeah, but all
of them they participate.

Interviewer: So, do you think even female smallholder farmers, the females in your committee are
involved in the decision-making process and representation on agriculture committees in the
community?

Respondent: Yes.

Interviewer: ok, what role do trainings offered to female and male smallholder farmers play in your
community in promoting adoption of climate smart agriculture practices? Ok like in it When you're doing
these trainings what role do they offer to the male and female farmers?

Respondent: Okay, the roles that they always give, you know, when you go for the training, you interact.
So, when I'm interacting with them, and like, when I get a challenge with them, I asked for question.
They participate, they give me the answer to the question and that help me to find a solution to those
questions. Secondly, when a farmer most of them when they go and find a challenge with their garden,
like maybe the garden is affected with some disease, their role is to call me, madam Lilian, we have this
challenge here. Please, could you help us then? I take off to Go and help that farmer and Maybe if there
is a need, like there is a community in abolo, they wanted to plant trees. So, they contacted me, Lilian,
can you get for us someone who can supply us trees for us we want to plant Yeah. So, their role is to like
find a challenge, get their needs share with me, then we see how we can walk through together.

Interviewer: So, what type of farmers do the trainings target? For instance? Like when you're doing
these trainings, do you mainly look at maybe household head, farmers with a variety of crops, farmers
favorable land size? or you look at the entire farmers, whoever comes is a farmer?

Respondent: I look at the entire farmers, l don’t separate like for you, your already well off your already
a commercial farmer don't come for this training. I don't limit okay, I open the door for everyone to
attend the training. But specifically, we always target those ones who are in the group. And then we
encourage others also who are not in the group to come. So, I just use those group leaders to mobilize
the farmers. But whoever comes is positive to attend the training.

Interviewer: Okay. So, these trainings, can they be made relevant to female farmers, especially if the
trainings are conducted at times when they are engaged in household roles or responsibilities

Respondent: Yeah, like, I don't make a decision for them. And mostly it is them to come up with the
need. Like, we need you to train us on this area. Like, somebody can say we want agronomic practices of
soya like that. So we schedule the time that will also the female also participants farmers, like we always
I asked them what time is favorable for you that you want us to conduct this training so that I don't
leave anyone out or I don't go when the women are busy in the garden, it is them to make a schedule
and give me the time and I go.

Interviewer: okay, so are there any financial or economic incentives available to female or male
smallholder farmers to adopt climate smart agriculture.

Respondent: Always you know, most of my farmers are in a village saving so that money they save they
can give it out as a loan. So, you find like farmers go to borrow that money to promote the smart climate
agriculture like that. And also, in the area, you find like we have saccos around. They also offer financial
services to them and Some of them who are doing commercial farming they also proceed to the bank
like to borrow yes.

Interviewer: okay. If they are not there would do you think they would be helpful to smallholder
farmers like oh, you said they have the saccos and stuff. So, meaning is already participating in the
VSLA?

Respondent: Yes, like if you come in my village, you will never fail to get like village saving and credit
association.

Interviewer: So that means like most of the farmers are in those groups.

Respondent: Yes.

Interviewer: Okay. Are there any other social or cultural factors that could impact the adoption of
climate smart agriculture? practices among female and male smallholder farmers.?

Respondent: Like other factors, like what?

Interviewer: I meant, I said that any social or cultural factors like maybe depending on the region, are
there any factors that, you know like?

Respondent: yes, like I can't talk about field sanitation. I think it can also help them to practice that.

Interviewer: Okay. Like when you look at your community, are there any barriers, you know that
communities have their norms, they have their own ways. So, when we look at climate smart
agricultural practices, are there any, like any practices maybe like when you get to our land? Or in this
community people don't practice this and this, because? Or, when you look at it entirely, according to
the method, the methods you've tried to practice with them? It's okay.

Respondent: Yeah, is okay with them. I'm not finding a lot of bias.

Interviewer: When it comes to ownership of land in your community, how is it? does it apply to both
males and females?

Respondent: Yeah, usually, you know, they say men are the head of the family. That's one applies both
in the Bible and then in family. So majorly you find like men are the ones that have ownership on the
land but you find like when a woman is married, and has children, at least she also has ownership over
that land.
Interviewer: How about when it comes to decision making, knowledge and skills who has the upper
hand? Is it both male and female? Or maybe the head still has or maybe the males have it seems they
know the big boys.?

Respondent: Yeah, you'll find like such kind of question varies from one family to another. Like you find
a family who understand A man will say my wife also has to contribute a decision on what we are going
to do. But when you go to a family where the man is a drunkard sometimes the man is the final man.

Interviewer: Another one says, what steps need to What are the steps that need to be taken to ensure
that gender sensitive perspectives are integrated into climate smart agriculture policies and programs?

Respondent: Yeah, I think majorly we need to keep sensitizing them about smart climate agriculture.
And we encourage them we give them the advantage like when they succeed in that, what is the
outcome in order for them to at least adopt the system.

Interviewer: Okay, Another and says what steps need to be taken to ensure gender sensitive
perspectives are integrated into climate smart agriculture policies and programs so as to enhance food
security in your community. When we go to food security? What steps do you think?

Respondent: Yeah, the only step I can do I think I told you we keep sensitizing and encouraging them
giving them those trainings, and making follow up to find like to ensure that they're practicing it that is
the major thing to me.

Interviewer: Okay, are there any initiative or sensitive initiatives that are currently in place that like
you're aware of Like maybe you may be trying to carry out in order to ensure there is enough food at
home or Maybe they do practice Smart Agriculture?

Respondent: Yes, it is there. Like you find Our rainfall right now. It is not reliable. You find this time we
have rain another time we don't have rain. So, I think the government has given them a program of
promoting micro scale irrigation. So am trying to encourage them to apply for micro scale irrigation. And
right now, I have farmers were adopting to that.

Call drop

Respondent; yah you were taking how we can ensure that there is food security?

Interviewer: yes

Respondent: so, I told you one of it we are promoting micro scale irrigation where by they can use it
when there is no rain, help them in growing vegetables and you know how they can get a lot from that.
Yes, and another thing am also encouraging them to keep practicing smart climate agriculture and I
always give them the trainings and by doing that I see there is change in teboke here I can say there is
food security.

Interviewer: so, for the practices your doing are they gender sensitive or maybe you do if for males and
females separately

Respondent: Yes, as I told you at beginning for me I deal with all the farmers whether you are a man or a
woman we treat them the same.

Interviewer: can you describe the current food security situation in your community?
Respondent: like in which way?

Interviewer: Can you describe the current food security in your community and any challenges the
female or male smallholder farmers are facing in meeting local food demand in their households? Like
when you look at your area, when someone just came in and say, would you say maybe your area is
food secure? Then challenges that these people are facing? I mean, are the challenges specific on the
male side? Are they on the female side?

Respondent: Yeah, like when we talk about food security, we mean, like, a family or somebody who is
able to get the meal that person wants at that time. I think you have understood. To me, I can
recommend my people in teboke, at least 80% of it are food secure at least they can get a meal. And

Interviewer: is there any challenge that they are facing in regards to food security?

Respondent: Yeah, the major challenge, like, as I told you, at first, the major challenge they have it is just
like, when they plant local seed, they don't get like the way they could get when they plant improved
seed. And maybe that is also leading to some of them having Food insecurity.

Interviewer Okay So, is there anything being done to address food security, the food security question
locally? Like, you know, when you talk of the dry season, you know, is there anything that you're coming
or any policies that you're coming up with, so that you don't get any challenges of sort?

Respondent: Yeah, I told you at first, like we are promoting irrigation that which will help them during
dry season, and they will be producing for their households. And right now, you see, the government
has come with the issues of PDM (Parish development model) Yeah, like that one. It has also helped a
lot. You find these farmers they have also got that loan I hope so it will also help them to maintain their
food security, maybe to increase on their food security. Yes, PDM is also contributing a lot to them. And
you know, PDM is targeting the small-scale farmers. At least it is not like another government program
that has been at least you find a household is able to access the fund those days when government
programs come you find the government officials with their relatives. But this one it is cutting across and
I believe and I can testify like in my sub County. The major targeted people at least have received PDM.

END