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UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION

FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING


DEPARTMENT OF MECHATRONICS

om
.c
LINEAR ALGEBRA

ng
co
an
th
o ng
AMME_131529
du
u

1st semester 2020-2021


cu

Instructor: Dr. Vu Quang Huy

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Matrices, Vectors:
Addition and Scalar Multiplication

om
.c
Hệ phương trình

ng
co
an
th
o ng
du

Ma trận 3 hàng 3
u
cu

cột ( 9 phần tử)


Hàng ( ngang)
Cột (dọc)
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Matrices, Vectors:
Addition and Scalar Multiplication

om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u

Tìm ma trận
cu

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Matrices, Vectors:
Addition and Scalar Multiplication

om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

Xác định kích thước ( số hàng và cột của mỗi ma trận)

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Matrices, Vectors:
Addition and Scalar Multiplication

om
Matrices

.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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Matrices, Vectors:
Addition and Scalar Multiplication

om
Vectors

.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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Matrices, Vectors:
Addition and Scalar Multiplication
Addition of matrices

om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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Matrices, Vectors:
Addition and Scalar Multiplication
Addition of matrices

om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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Matrices, Vectors:
Addition and Scalar Multiplication
Addition of matrices

om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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Matrices, Vectors:
Addition and Scalar Multiplication
Addition of matrices

om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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Matrices, Vectors:
Addition and Scalar Multiplication

om
Subtraction of matrices

.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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Matrices, Vectors:
Addition and Scalar Multiplication

om
Subtraction of matrices

.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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Matrices, Vectors:
Addition and Scalar Multiplication

om
Subtraction of matrices

.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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Matrices, Vectors:
Addition and Scalar Multiplication

om
Subtraction of matrices

.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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Matrices, Vectors:
Addition and Scalar Multiplication

om
Multiplication

.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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Matrices, Vectors:
Addition and Scalar Multiplication

om
Multiplication

.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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Matrix Multiplication Is Not Commutative

.c
ng
co
an
th
ng associative law

distributive laws
o
du
u
cu

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Matrices, Vectors:
Addition and Scalar Multiplication

om
Multiplication

.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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Matrices, Vectors:
Addition and Scalar Multiplication

om
Multiplication

.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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Matrices, Vectors:
Addition and Scalar Multiplication

om
Multiplication

.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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Matrices, Vectors:
Addition and Scalar Multiplication

om
Multiplication

.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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Matrices, Vectors:
Addition and Scalar Multiplication

om
Multiplication

.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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Matrices, Vectors:
Addition and Scalar Multiplication

om
A unit matrix, I, is one in which all elements of the

.c
leading diagonal (\) have a value of 1 and all other

ng
elements have a value of 0.

co
an
th
unit matrix: Ma trận đơn vị
ng
o
du

Ma trận đơn vị là ma trận có các phần tử trên đường chéo


u
cu

chính có giá trị 1, còn các phần tử khác có giá trị 0

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Transposition ( Chuyển vị)

We obtain the transpose of a matrix by writing its

om
rows as columns (or equivalently its

.c
ng
columns as rows)

co
an
th
o ng
du

Chúng ta đạt được ma trận chuyển vị bằng cách


u
cu

chuyển hàng thành cột (cột thành hàng)

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om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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om
Symmetric Matrix

.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
Skew-Symmetric Matrices
du
u
cu

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om
Symmetric Matrix

.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
Skew-Symmetric Matrices
du
u
cu

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Triangular Matrices

om
Upper triangular matrices

.c
ng
co
an
Lower triangular matrices
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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Diagonal Matrices. These are square matrices that can

om
have nonzero entries only on the main diagonal

.c
ng
co
Scalar matrix

an
th
o ng
du

Unit matrix (or identity


u
cu

matrix)

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Diagonal Matrices.

om
.c
ng
co
an
Scalar matrix
th
o ng
du
u
cu

Unit matrix (or identity


matrix)

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Bài tập
• Sách Advanced Engineering Mathematics

om
10th Edition, Trang 261 ( ex 8-16) Trang 271

.c
ng
( ex 11-20)

co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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Bài tập
• Sách Advanced Engineering Mathematics

om
10th Edition, Trang 261 ( ex 8-16) Trang 271

.c
ng
( ex 11-20)

co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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Bài tập
• Sách Advanced Engineering Mathematics

om
10th Edition, Trang 261 ( ex 8-16) Trang 271

.c
ng
( ex 11-20)

co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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Bài tập
• Sách Advanced Engineering Mathematics

om
10th Edition, Trang 287 ( ex 1-9) ( ex 17-26)

.c
ng
• Sách Advanced Engineering Mathematics

co
10th Edition, Trang 300 ( ex 7-15), ( ex 17-

an
19), ( ex 21-25)
th
ng
• Sách Advanced Engineering Mathematics
o
du

10th Edition, Trang 308 ( ex 1-10)


u
cu

• Sách Advanced Engineering Mathematics


10th Edition, Trang 318 ( ex 11-22)
• Trang 318 ( ex 21-35)
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Bài tập
• Sách Advanced Engineering Mathematics

om
10th Edition, Trang 261 ( ex 8-16) Trang 271

.c
ng
( ex 11-20)

co
an
th
• Peter_V__O'Neil- ng
Advanced_Engineering_Mathematics,_7th_E
o
du

dition__-Cengage(2011), Trang 261 ( ex 8-


u
cu

16)

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Linear System, Coefficient Matrix,
Augmented Matrix
A linear system of m equations in n unknowns is a set of

om
equations of the form

.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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om
Matrix Form of the Linear System

.c
ng
co
an
coefficient matrix

th
o ng
du
u
cu

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om
augmented matrix

.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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Gauss Elimination

om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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om
.c
ng
co
an
Nhân phương trình 1 cho 2 và cộng 2 phương trình
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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Determination of (in this order)

om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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• Sinh viên tự đọc thêm ví dụ trang 278-280

om
Advanced Engineering Mathematics 10th

.c
ng
Edition

co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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Linear Independence and
Dependence of Vectors
Given any set of m vectors (with the same number

om
of components), a linear combination of these vectors is an

.c
expression of the form

ng
co
an
th
where are any scalars.
ng
o
du

consider the equation


u
cu

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om
Example 1

.c
ng
co
linearly dependent

an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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Rank of a Matrix

om
The rank of a matrix A is the maximum number of

.c
linearly independent row vectors of A

ng
co
an
th
o ng
du

has rank 2, because the first two row vectors are linearly
u
cu

independent, whereas all three row vectors are linearly


dependent.

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om
.c
ng
co
an
th
ng
has rank 2, because Example 1 shows that the first two
o
du

row vectors are linearly independent, whereas all three


u

row vectors are linearly dependent.


cu

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Row-equivalent matrices have the same rank.

om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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• Tự học: Sinh viên đọc sách tìm hiểu theorem

om
2-5 sách Advanced Engineering Mathematics

.c
ng
10th Edition pages 284-285

co
an
th
• Bài tập:Sách Advanced Engineering
ng
Mathematics 10th Edition, Trang 287 ( ex 1-
o
du

9) ( ex 17-26)
u
cu

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om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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Nonhomogeneous Linear System

om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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Homogeneous Linear System

om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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Second- and Third-Order Determinants

A determinant of second order is denoted and defined by

om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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Determinant

om
The determinant of a 2 by 2 matrix is

.c
ng
defined as (ad−bc)

co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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Determinant ( Định thức)

om
The determinant of a 2 by 2 matrix is

.c
ng
defined as (ad−bc)

co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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Cramer’s rule for solving linear systems of two equations
in two unknowns

om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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Third-Order Determinants

om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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Cramer’s Rule for Linear Systems of Three Equations

om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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Determinants

om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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Cramer’s Rule

om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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Bài tập
• Sách Advanced Engineering Mathematics

om
10th Edition, Trang 300 ( ex 7-15), ( ex 17-

.c
ng
19), ( ex 21-25)

co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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Inverse of a Matrix

om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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Inverse of a Matrix by Determinants

om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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Inverse of a Matrix by Determinants

om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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The inverse or reciprocal of a 3 by 3 matrix

om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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The inverse or reciprocal of a 3 by 3 matrix

om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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The inverse or reciprocal of a 3 by 3 matrix

om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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The inverse or reciprocal of a 3 by 3 matrix

om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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The inverse or reciprocal of a 3 by 3 matrix

om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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Cramer’s rule for solving linear systems of two equations
in two unknowns

om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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Inverse of matrix for solving linear systems of two
equations in two unknowns

Ax = b

om
AA −1x = A −1b

.c
ng
Ix = A −1b

co
x = A −1b

an
th
 4 3
A=
ng

 2 5 
o
du

12 
u

b= 
cu

 − 8 
 x1 
x= 
 2
x
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Inverse of matrix for solving linear systems of two
equations in two unknowns

Ax = b

om
AA −1x = A −1b

.c
ng
Ix = A −1b

co
x = A −1b

an
th
 4 3
A=
ng

 2 5 
o
du

12 
u

b= 
cu

 − 8 
 x1 
x= 
 2
x
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Inverse of a Matrix by Determinants

om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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Inverse of a Matrix by Determinants

om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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Inner Product Spaces
This product is called the inner product or dot product of a and

om
b. Other notations for it are (a, b) and a • b

.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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Inner Product Spaces

om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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Inner Product Spaces

om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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Inner Product Spaces

om
.c
ng
co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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Bài tập
• Sách Advanced Engineering Mathematics

om
10th Edition, Trang 308 ( ex 1-10)

.c
ng
• Sách Advanced Engineering Mathematics

co
10th Edition, Trang 318 ( ex 11-28) Trang

an
318 ( ex 21-35)
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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Linear Algebra:
Matrix Eigenvalue Problems

om
.c
A is a given square matrix, an unknown scalar, and x an

ng
unknown vector.

co
an
th
o ng
du
u
cu

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Determination of Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors

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Determination of Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors

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Determination of Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors

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Determination of Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors

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characteristic equation

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characteristic matrix

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characteristic determinant
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Determination of Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors

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characteristic equation

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The eigenvalues of a square matrix A are the roots of the

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characteristic equation ng
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x are eigenvectors of a matrix A


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Eigenvalues and eigenvectors

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Eigenvalues and eigenvectors

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Find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of

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Find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of

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Find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of

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Find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of

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Find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of

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Find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of

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Find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of

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Find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of

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Eigenvalues and eigenvectors

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• Tự học: 8.2 Some Applications of Eigenvalue

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Problems, Sách Advanced Engineering

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Mathematics 10th Edition, Trang 329 ( ex 1-

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16)

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Bài tập
• Sách Advanced Engineering Mathematics

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10th Edition, Trang 329 ( ex 1-16)

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ng
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Symmetric, Skew-Symmetric, and
Orthogonal Matrices

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Symmetric, Skew-Symmetric, and
Orthogonal Matrices

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Quadratic Forms

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Quadratic Forms

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Bài tập
• Sách Advanced Engineering Mathematics

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10th Edition, Trang 338 ( ex 1-10)

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ng
• Sách Advanced Engineering Mathematics

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10th Edition, Trang 345 ( ex 1-5), ( ex 9-16)

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