Ex Situ Bioremediation on the Contaminated water from the Creek of Brgy.

Valle
Cruz, Cabanatuan City Using Rhodopseudomonas Capsulata or
Rhodopseudomonas palustris bacteria.

Mabini Extension, Cabanatuan City

In partial Fulfillment
Of the requirements of Research
Title defense

Simnaco, Aronnah Jewel R. (9-Silver)

Meman, Kesler Vaughn V. (9-Nitrogen)

Gladys Joy B. Caoile

Reasearch Teacher
 Ex Situ Bioremediation on Contaminated water from the Creek of Brgy. Valle Cruz,
Cabanatuan City Using Rhodopseudomonas Capsulata or Rhodopseudomonas
palustris Bacteria.
A.J SIMANCO (9-SILVER)

K.V MEMAN (9-NITROGEN)

CATEGORY: LIFE SCIENCE

SCHOOL: HONORATO C. PEREZ SR. MEMORIAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL

SCHOOL ADDRESS: MABINI EXTENSION, CABANATUAN CITY, NUEVA ECIJA

REGION, CITY/MUNICIPALITY: REGION III, CABANATUAN CITY

CORRESPONDING AUTHORS’ CONTACT NUMBERS:

INTRODUCTION
Our research is about the bioremediation of the contaminated water from the creeks of Brgy. Valle Cruz,
Cabanatuan City. Bioremediation is a branch of biotechnology that employs the use of living organisms,
like microbes and bacteria to decontaminate affected areas. It is used in the removal of contaminants,
pollutants, and toxins from soil, water, and other environments

Brgy. Valle Cruz is known to be the dumpsite of Cabanatuan City. Garbage collected from different
barangays of Cabanatuan is hereto dumped, hence, it is expected that the waters flowing in the creeks of
the said barangay is contaminated. It is in this view that we thought of using bioremediation process on
the suspected contaminated waters of Brgy. Valle Cruz.

Around 200,000 people are currently living in Cabanatuan City, all of whom needs water to survive.
That’s how important water is. Developments in technology have helped provide safe drinking water to
many. But there are some who cannot afford to pay water bill from the Cabanatuan City Water District.
So they resort to getting drinking water from other sources such as wells and water pumps (poso). It is in
this connection that we thought of doing a research on purifying contaminated water.

We made use of ex situ process of taking out water sample because, as busy students, we don’t have the
luxury of time of doing the purifying process on site. We took water samples from the creeks of Valle
Cruz, Cabanatuan City because we were informed that the waters therein are contaminated due to the
place having been used as dump site. We were hoping to purify the said water by using bioremediation
process where we could break down some pollutants in it with the aid of Rhodopseudomonas Gram
Negative Bacteria.

We explored the idea of detoxifying the contaminants in the water that we took from the creeks of Valle
Cruz by applying bioremediation in the hopes of removing dangers of many pollutants that the water
carries.

Rhodopseudomonas capsulata is frequently regarded as one of the most versatile procaryotes because of
its diverse modes of growth. It grows phototrophically under anaerobic conditions and aerobically in the
dark with a wide variety of carbon sources. A third mode of growth has been known for several years.
This is anaerobic growth in the dark with either trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) or dimethyl sulfoxide
(DMSO) as an added electron acceptor. Several recent lines of experimental evidence indicate that
electron flow from NADH to TMAO or DMSO is via a proton-translocating respiratory chain. The
reductase for DMSO and TMAO is probably a single enzyme and is located in the periplasmic space.
Another recent discovery concerning rhodopsuedomonas capsulata is that several strains possess a
periplasmic respiratory nitrate reductase. In view of the recent findings concerning electron transport to
TMAO, DMSO, and nitrate, we investigated whether rhodopsuedomonas capsulata might be able to use
other electron acceptors. Nitrous oxide was tested because the recent introduction of an electrode for
detecting N20 (1, 2) permits a simple assay for N20 reductase in bacterial cells, and as suggested
elsewhere, the high solubility of N20 in water could mean that this molecule is a readily available electron
acceptor in natural environments. The present paper reports that all tested strains of rhodopsuedomonas
capsulata can use N20 as an electron transport-linked oxidant. Furthermore, anaerobic growth occurs in
the dark with nonfermentable substrates and N20. Although we were primarily concerned with the
characteristics of N20 reduction in rhodopseudomonas capsulate.

Little is known about nitrous oxide reductases, although progress has been made recently in
characterizing the enzyme from Pseudomonas perfectoma,rinus. The present paper reports that N20
reductase from rhodopsuedomonas capsulata is a periplasmic protein and resembles the enzyme found in
Pseudomonas perfectomarinus.

This work investigated the effects of eight metal ions on Rhodopseudomonas palustris growth and 5-
aminolevulinic acid (ALA) yield in wastewater treatment. Results show that metal ions (Mg(2+) of 15
mmol/L, Fe(2+) of 400 μmol/L, Co(2+) of 4 μmol/L, Ni(2+) of 8 μmol/L and Zn(2+) of 4 μmol/L)
could effectively improve the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, Rp. palustris biomass and ALA
yield. The highest ALA yield of 13.1 mg/g-biomass was achieved with Fe(2+) of 400 μmol/L. ALA
yields were differentially increased under different metal ions in the following order: Fe(2+) group >
Mg(2+) group > Co(2+) group = Ni(2+) group > Zn(2+) group = Mo(2+) group > control. Cu(2+) and
Mn(2+) inhibited Rp. palustris growth and ALA production. Mechanism analysis revealed that metal ions
changed ALA yields by influencing the activities of ALA synthetase and ALA dehydratase.
Rhodopseudomonas palustris belongs to the genus Rhodopseudomonas and species of this genus make up
for the majority of the phototrophic non-sulfur purple bacteria. Rhodopseudomonas species are rod
shaped, gram negative, motile cells which exhibit polar growth and reproduce by budding. Under
phototrophic conditions, they form lamellar intracytoplasmic membranes which hold photosynthetic
pigments adjacent to the cytoplasmic membrane. Bacteriochlorophylls and carotenoids are the major
photosynthetic pigments present. R. palustris is commonly found in soil and water. It can survive in both
aerobic and anaerobic conditions. It is considered to be a “versatile bacteria” because it is able to fix
carbon dioxide to form biomass, convert nitrogen to ammonia and produce hydrogen(hydrogen gas being
the by-product of nitrogen fixation). In the presence of oxygen it catabolizes a range of hydrocarbons
from sugars to lignin; however it can switch to photosynthesis in the absence of oxygen. It is increasingly
gaining research interest due to its abilities to produce hydrogen and degrade toxic waste. These two have
very important applications in bio-remediation and alternative energy.
Statement of the problem

This study aims to make a drinkable water from the Creek of Brgy. Valle Cruz, Cabanatuan City,
the researchers seek to find the answer for the following questions.

1. Is it possible to make a drinkable water from the Creek of Brgy. Valle Cruz, Cabanatuan City

2. Can the researchers succeed in making a drinkable water from the Creek of Brgy. Valle Cruz,
Cabanatuan City.

Hypothesis:

Based on the given questions on the statement of the problem the following hypothesis were formulated:

1. Rhodopseudomonas palustris bacteria and those like it may be useful in removing these types of
waste from the environment.

2. The water treated with Rhodopseudomonas Capsulata or Rhodopseudomonas palustris bacteria

may be cleaned because of its potentials.

Objectives:

1. To be able to know if bacteria helps in cleaning the environment.

2. To know how is bacteria used in the purification of waste water into harmless water.
3. To know how are contaminants removed from polluted water.
4. To be able to cite solutions of water pollution.

METHODOLOGY

Methods of research Used

The method used by the researchers in this study is experimental research. Since our study is to
know if we can make a drinkable water from the creek of Brgy. Valle Cruz, Cabanatuan City. Knowledge
are to gather from different perspectives of websites.
References:

1) Madigan, M. T., and H. Gest. 1979. Growth of the photqsynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas
capsulata chemoautotrophically in darkness with H2 as the energy source. J. IBacteriol. 137:524-
530. 21.

2) Zannoni, D. 1982. ATP synthesis coupled to light-dependent non-cyclic electron flow in

chromatophores of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 680:1-7. 36.

3) Zannoni, D., P. Jasper, and B. Marrs. 1978. Light-induced oxygen reduction as a probe of
electron transport between respiratory and photosynthetic components in membranes of
Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 191: 625-631. 37.

4) Zannoni, D., and B. L. Marrs. 1981. Redox chain and energy transduction in chromatophores
from Rhodopseudomonas capsulata cells grown anaerobically in dark on glucose and
dimethylsulphoxide. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 637:96-106.

5) McCarthy, J. E. G., and S. J. Ferguson. 1982. Respiratory control and the basis of light-induced
inhibition of respiration in chromatophores from Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. Biochem.
Biophys. Res. Commun. 107:1406-1411.

6) Liu, Shuli; Zhang, Guangming; Li, Jianzheng; Li, Xiangkun; Zhang, Jie 2016-01-01 Effects of
metal ions on biomass and 5-aminolevulinic acid production in Rhodopseudomonas palustris
wastewater treatment.

7) Frank et. al, "Complete Genome sequence of a metabolically versatile photosynthetic

bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris" Nature Biotechnology.2003. Volume 22. p. 55-61.