03601213 Electric Circuit Laboratory

Laboratory 6: Superposition

Chanaprachpakorn Ngernmo
Name:…………………………………………………………
Student ID.Nr.:.......................................……
6330340050

THEORY

1. Superposition.
• States that “For a linear system the response (voltage or current) in any
branch of a bilateral linear circuit having more than one independent
source equals the algebraic sum of the responses caused by each
independent source acting alone, where all the other independent
sources are replaced by their internal impedances”.
• To ascertain the contribution of each individual source, all of the other
sources first must be "turned off" (set to zero) by:
o Replacing all other independent voltage sources with a short circuit
(thereby eliminating difference of potential i.e. V=0; internal
impedance of ideal voltage source is zero (short circuit)).
o Replacing all other independent current sources with an open
circuit (thereby eliminating current i.e. I=0; internal impedance of
ideal current source is infinite (open circuit)).
• It is used in converting any circuit into its Norton equivalent or Thevenin
equivalent.
• This procedure is followed for each source in turn, then the resultant
responses are added to determine the true operation of the circuit. The
resultant circuit operation is the superposition of the various voltage and
current sources.
• The theorem is applicable to linear networks (time varying or time
invariant) consisting of independent sources, linear dependent sources,
linear passive elements (resistors, inductors, capacitors) and linear
transformers.
2. Thévenin's theorem.
states that "For any linear electrical network containing only voltage
sources, current sources and resistances can be replaced at terminals A–B by
an equivalent combination of a voltage source Vth in a series connection with
a resistance Rth”.
3. Norton's theorem.
states that “Any linear circuit containing several energy sources and
resistances can be replaced by a single Constant Current generator in parallel
with a Single Resistor”.

1
 EXPERIMENT

For R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 = 500 Ω

1 &
1.8 kee
R L =900 ohm
I L

A + VL - B
R1 ? ↓ ↓ R4
15 V
/
↑
R2
L
R3

↑
↳3
↑ 10V

R5

1. Superposition
Case I: Only 15 V DC source is active.

Calculation
Calculate the current IL and voltage drop over RL
Solution
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
! 2000 - Iก ~15 V = /R 1000 ·

………………………………………………………………………….………………………………..
-15V + 11 + (
1000 11 - Fel 1000 = · IC URL = 1.97 ( 10/
- IDOS 480 - 100s
=

⑧ +1800

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2000 1- 100012 = 15 ① -8 - s Van = 3.546 V # 1000 200 -- O-
129

………………………………………………………………………….………………………………..
↳2 1 = 1520

IE2- 1
3

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2 + 1 . -/
1000 + 1800 2 FC =
1000 + 1000
=0.00197 A , 1097 mA
=ล 1520
3

………………………………………………………………………….………………………………..
4800 It - 1000 - - 1000 3 ② Is = 3040

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
↳

(Is - /1000 + 10003 = %อ I2 = 2 = 1097 mA #

………………………………………………………………………….………………………………..
·

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2000 - 100012 = · ③
………………………………………………………………………….………………………………..

IL VRL
Case I 1.97 m A 3 . 346

Result
IL VRL
Case I 1.99 m A 3.628 /

2
 ↑ ↳ร
I ↓

↳2

Case II: Only 10 V DC source is active. ↑

Calculation
Calculate the current IL and voltage drop over RL
Solution
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
! 2000 - Iก V = /R
-

1000 ·

…………………………………………………………………………...………………………….….
100011 + ( 11 - Fel
1000 = · IC ·URL = - 1.33/ 10")
4800 - 100
=

-1000 + 1800

①
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2000 1- 100012 = · -8 -
&
Is - - -
1000 URL = - 2.358 V #
200

…………………………………………………………………………...………………………….….
↳2 Is = - 1 520

IE2- 1 2 + 1 . -/ 2: In =- 1 ↳60 - 0.00131

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
1000 + 1800 1000 + 1000 3
A p- mA
=

1.31

4800 It - 1000 - - 1000 Is = -

…………………………………………………………………………...………………………….….
3 ② ้ง
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
↳

(Is - cl
I 10003 + จอ IC = IL = - 1031 mA #
…………………………………………………………………………...………………………….….
1000 +
10 V = ·

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2000 - 100012 = - 10 ③
…………………………………………………………………………...………………………….….

IL VRL
Case II - 1.31 mt - 2.358 V

Result
IL VRL
Case II -1. 25 mA -- 2.33 V

3
กุ
 1 ↓ I ↓

↳2
↳
↑ ↑
Case III: Both DC sources are active.

Calculation
Calculate the current IL and voltage drop over RL
Solution
V = IR
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
! 2000 - Iก ~15
1000 ·

…………………………………………………………………………...……………………………..
-15V + 11 + ( 11 - Fel
1000 1000 = · -1000 IC
480 URL = 0.651 10") +
- 100s
=

⑧ 1800

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2000 1- 100012 = 15 ① -8 -
119
Is - - -
1000 URL =200 V # O
1017

…………………………………………………………………………...……………………………..
↳2 1 = 1520
ไ
IE2- 1
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2 + 1 - Isl
1000 + 1800 1000 =
1000+ 2 :
A
=0.0006SA,
1320 mA 0.65

…………………………………………………………………………...……………………………..
4800 It - 1000 - - 1000 3 ② Is = is&

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
↳

(Is - cl
I %IC = Il = MA #
…………………………………………………………………………...……………………………..
1000 +10003 +
10 V = ·
0.65

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2000 - 100012 = - 10 ③
………..………………………………………………………………………………………………...

IL VRL
Case III 0.65 m A 1.17 บ

Result
IL VRL
Case III 0.7 m A 1.25 V

4
 ·
& VC
2. Thévenin's and Norton's theorem
↑

Calculation
Calculate the short circuit current ISC and open circuit voltage VOC of Node A
and B.
Solution
Iก
VIS
! 2000 -
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ~15
&2 x 1000 ·
VI = &, + RC
IS
11 + ( 11 - Fel
1000 IC
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..…...
= x 10 00 -15V + 1000 = · - IDOS 3000 - 100
=

⑧
1000 + 1000

งpp x 1p 2000 1- 100012 = ① s -- - O -

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
=
15 -
1

13
- 1000 200

…………………………………………………………………………...……………………………..
VI = บ ↳2 I =

17.5 160
V, 3
IE2- / I - Isl 2= Is =
&

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
* R3 1000 + 1000+ 1000 3
V2 = &3 + 44 ·0.00125 A, 80 1.25 mA

loon +
=1000+
1
3000 t- 1000
1000 -
…………………………………………………………………………...……………………………..
- 1000 3 ② Is = - อ

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
·อ
↳
=

/11 "
20
=
* เงอน

(Is - /1000 + 10003 + จอ I2 = Ler = 1.25 mA #

…………………………………………………………………………...……………………………..
V2=

3 ข 10 V = ·

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
VOC = V, - V2 2000 - 1000=- ③ เอ

V = IR =>
………..………………………………………………………………………………………………...
=7.3 - 3 2066 = =1035110") +RE
Voo: 2.5 v * RE = 1970 -0 #

ISC VOC
1.25 mA 2.3

Result

ISC VOC RE (Thévenin's/ Norton's

equivalent resistance)
1.35 m A 2.66 V 1970.37 ~

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

From the experimental results from the experiment, the measurement from actual
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… measurin

..………………………………………………………………..............………………………………
device has value close to the calculation. And
a
got to know about
using electrical tool
more

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
It
measurer amperer and voltr. And learn how to caculate by uring KUL for caculate Iccurrents, And

………………………………..............………………………………………………………………..
learn how to connect the electrical circuit
correctly
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