RESPIRATORY

SYSTEM
 CHECK WHAT YOU KNOW?

1. Breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen is ………………………

2. Glycolysis take place in the ………………………. of the cell
3. Carbon dioxide and water are the end products of ………………………
4. ATP stands for …………………………………………………………..
5. Yeast cells and bacteria produce ………………………. during anaerobic respiration
 SYLLABUS
Respiratory System: Organs; mechanism of breathing; tissue respiration, heat
production.
• Structures and function of parts of the respiratory system.
• Differences between anaerobic respiration in plants and in man.
• Identify and analyse the changes Role of diaphragm and intercostal muscles in
breathing to provide a clear idea of the breathing process.
• Brief idea of gaseous transport and tissue respiration.
• Brief understanding of respiratory volumes.
• Effect of altitude on breathing; asphyxiation and hypoxia.
 Success criteria
Able to
➢Identify the structures associated with the human respiratory system
➢Identify and analyse the changes during breathing:
➢Role of diaphragm and intercostal muscles in breathing to provide a
clear idea of the breathing process.
➢Analyse the importance of gaseous transport and tissue respiration in
animals
➢Differentiate between anaerobic respiration in plants and in man.
HUMAN RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
HUMAN RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM

(13) Human Respiratory System | Respiratory System Anatomy

| Biology | Letstute - YouTube
Role of each part of respiratory system
• Nose- has hair to prevent large particles from entering the system. In the
nose air is warmed as it passes over . Even moisture is added to the air in
case warm air is breathed in
• Mucus traps the harmful particles
• Pharynx: It is a common passage of food and air
• Epiglottis: Prevents the entry of food into the wind pipe (Trachea)
• Larynx: It has vocal cords which vibrate to produce sound
• Trachea: It is also called wind pipe. Its wall is strengthened by C shaped
rings of cartilage. These rings keep the trachea distended
Role of each part of respiratory system
• Inner lining of trachea has ciliated epithelium and mucus producing
cells. Mucus traps the dust particles and bacteria
• Bronchi: These are branches of trachea into the lungs.
• Each bronchus divides into secondary bronchi and further into
tertiary bronchi and end up as alveoli
• Alveoli are the main structures of gaseous exchange
• Lungs contains large number of alveoli. Lungs are protected by rib
cage.
• Intercostal muscles move the rib cage during breathing
Obj: Identify and analyse the changes during breathing
Obj: Differentiate between inhalation and exhalation
Obj: Differentiate between inhalation and exhalation

CRITERIA INHALATION EXHALATION

Diaphragm Contracts and move Relax and moves upwards
downwards
External intercostal Contracts Relax
muscles
Internal intercostal Relax / Stretch Contract
muscles
Rib cage and sternum Moves upwards and Moves inwards and
outwards downwards
Volume of thoracic cavity Increases Decreases
Air pressure Decreases inside thorax Increases inside thorax
and lungs and lungs
Air movement Air enters the lungs Air is forced out of the
lungs
 Parts of respiration
1. Breathing- Inhalation and exhalation
2. Gaseous transport
Oxygen combines with haemoglobin in blood to form oxyhaemoglobin
Carbon dioxide combine with haemoglobin to form carbamino haemoglobin.
Some CO2 is also transported as bicarbonates dissolved in plasma
3. Tissue respiration: Capillaries deliver the oxygen form the blood in to the
cells and absorb carbon dioxide from the cells in to the blood

4. Cellular respiration: Glucose is broken down in the cells in the presence of

oxygen to release energy, carbon dioxide and water
 Atmospheric air Inhalation lungs alveoli

Exhalation Oxygen diffuses

into the blood

Blood carries CO2 to the

lungs as Blood carries
Carbaminohaemoglobin oxygen as
OXYHAEMOGLOBIN

CO2 diffuses into Carbon dioxide is Cellular Oxygen diffuses

the blood produced respiration into the cells
 Obj: Differences between anaerobic respiration in plants and humans

CRITERIA Anaerobic respiration in plants Anaerobic respiration in humans

Products Ethanol and Lactic acid

carbon dioxide

Energy More energy Less energy

Obj: Analyse the importance of various lung capacities
HYPOXIA AND ASPHYXIATION
Effect of altitude on breathing
• As oxygen percentage in the air become low as we move up in the
altitudes the breathing rate increases with increase in altitude.

• In addition, air pressure drops in the HIGH altitudes

• We breathe faster and more deeply to maximise the amount of

oxygen that can get into the blood from the lungs, and our heart
pumps more blood to increase the supply of oxygen to the brain and
muscles.
 CASE STUDY 1
Sarah was having dinner alone when a piece of
food became lodged in her throat, obstructing
her airway. She began to panic, clutching her
throat, and was unable to speak or cough. She
tried drinking water, but it couldn't dislodge the
food. As the obstruction persisted, she started to
feel lightheaded and began losing consciousness.
What is the cause of the problem? How this can be
resolved?
CASE STUDY 2
• David was an avid mountain climber
attempting a challenging peak. As he
ascended, the altitude increased, and the
air became thin, containing less oxygen.
He experienced symptoms of altitude
sickness, including shortness of breath,
severe headache, nausea, and confusion
due to the reduced oxygen levels in his
body.
• Name the problem David is having ? How
this can be resolved?
Case Study 3:
John was working in a confined space without
adequate ventilation, where toxic fumes from a
chemical spill had accumulated. He accidentally
inhaled the fumes, resulting in irritation of his
respiratory tract, difficulty breathing, persistent
coughing, and confusion. The lack of oxygen in
the air due to the toxic fumes further
exacerbated his condition.
What is the cause of the problem for John? How he
can be saved from this problem?
Case Study 4:
Emily and her family were using a gas-powered
generator inside their home during a power
outage. Unknown to them, the generator emitted
carbon monoxide gas, which is colorless and
odorless. Over time, the gas built up in the
enclosed space, leading to carbon monoxide
poisoning. Emily experienced symptoms such as
a persistent headache, nausea, confusion, and
shortness of breath due to reduced oxygen levels
in her bloodstream.
What is the condition Emily is suffering from? How
Emily will be saved in this condition?
What is common type of respiration
among A,B and C?