DESIGN OF COLUMN: C32

1 Load Combinations:
As defined in Etabs.

2 Force Data
For a column, force resultants for various Load cases and Load combinations are shown in table 2.1 and 2.2 below:

2.1 Force resultantin column C1 for different load cases:

(Note: The two ends of a Column are denoted as A and B)
Load Case A B
P (kN) V2 (kN) M2 (kN-m) M3 (kN-m) P (kN) V2 (kN) M2 (kN-m)
EQx -192.425 62.515 -0.663 118.220 -192.425 62.515 0.647
EQy 2.021 0.157 110.173 0.312 2.021 0.157 -33.189
DL -829.725 0.132 -1.132 0.734 -815.627 0.132 0.522
LL -374.950 -0.585 -0.573 -0.112 -374.950 -0.585 0.190

2.1 Force resultantin column C1 for different load combos:

Load Case A B
P (kN) V2 (kN) M2 (kN-m) M3 (kN-m) P (kN) V2 (kN) M2 (kN-m)
0.9DL+1.5EQx -1179.438 93.849 -2.733 178.028 -1166.750 93.849 1.816
0.9DL+1.5EQy -888.342 0.313 163.521 1.166 -875.654 0.313 -48.938
0.9DL-1.5EQx -603.054 -93.696 -1.054 -176.633 -590.366 -93.696 -0.125
0.9DL-1.5EQy -893.832 -0.159 -166.997 0.577 -881.145 -0.159 50.629
1.2(DL+LL+EQx) -1868.584 74.418 -3.801 142.661 -1851.667 74.418 2.132
1.2(DL+LL+EQy) -1635.707 -0.554 129.202 1.171 -1618.790 -0.554 -38.472
1.2(DL+LL-EQx) -1407.477 -75.618 -2.458 -141.068 -1390.560 -75.618 1.163
1.2(DL+LL-EQy) -1640.099 -0.789 -135.212 0.700 -1623.183 -0.789 41.182
1.5(DL+EQx) -1773.305 93.900 -3.891 178.494 -1752.159 93.900 2.380
1.5(DL+EQy) -1482.209 0.364 162.363 1.631 -1461.063 0.364 -48.374
1.5(DL+LL) -2047.092 -0.750 -3.756 0.996 -2025.946 -0.750 1.694
1.5(DL-EQx) -1196.921 -93.645 -2.212 -176.168 -1175.775 -93.645 1.169
1.5(DL-EQy) -1487.699 -0.108 -168.155 1.042 -1466.553 -0.108 51.193

3 Design Checks:
Column Size: Materials Prop.:
Width (B): 500 mm Concrete: 25 N/mm2
Depth (D): 500 mm Steel: 500 N/mm2
3.1 Check for Axial Stress:
 Lowest factored axial force = -590.366 kN
Factored Axial Stress = 2.361 N/mm2 2.000 N/mm2 > 0.1fck

Hence, design as column member.

3.2 Check for member size:

Width = 500 mm > 300 mm Cl. 7.1.2, IS 13920:1993
B/D = 1.000 > 0.4, Hence Okay
Cl. 7.1.3, IS 13920:1993
Span (L) = 3m
Effective Span (Leff) = 0.65*L Cl. E-3, Table 28, IS 456:2000
= 1.95m
Leff/D = 3.90 <12, Hence design as short column
Cl. 25.1.2, IS 456:2000
Maximum dimension of Column = 500 mm > 15Φ where, Φ = Largest dia. of Beam longitudinal R/f
= 300 mm = 20 mm
Hence, Okay Cl. 7.1.2, proposed draft IS 13920

4 a) Design of Column:
Design for Eathquake in X-direction: Design for Eathquake in Y-direction:
Pu = 1770.305 kN Pu = 1487.699 kN
Mu3 = 178.494 kN-m Mu2 = 168.155 kN-m
Pu/(fck*bD) = 0.283 Pu/(fck*bD) = 0.238
2 2
Mu2/(fck*bD ) = 0.057 Mu2/(fck*bD ) = 0.054
d' = 50 mm d' = 50 mm
d'/D = 0.10 d'/D = 0.10

Referring to the chart 48 of SP16 Referring to the chart 48 of SP16

p/fck = 0.015 p/fck = 0.011

Longitudinal Steel:
The required steel will be governed by the higher value of the above two values and hence, we take p/fck as:
p/fck = 0.015
i.e. % steel, p = 0.38 %
Which is less than 0.8% (i.e. nominal requirement), so
p = 0.80 %
or, Ast = 2000.00 mm2
b) Checking of a section:
The column should be checked for bi-axial moment. Moment about either axis may occur due to the torsion of the building or due to
the minimum eccentricity of the axial load.
Checking for the critical combination with earthquake in the X-direction.
Pu = 1770.305 kN
Mu2 = 178.494 kN-m
e = l/500 + D/30 Cl. 25.4, IS 456:2000
= 21.67 mm
emin = 0.04 bD
= 20 mm
Hence, design eccentricity = 21.67 mm
Mu3 = Pu*e
= 38.357 kN-m
For, Pu/(fck*bD) = 0.283 and p/fck = 0.032

Referring to chart 44 of SP16:

Mu2/(fck*bD2) = 0.080
So, Mu2,l = 250.000 kN-m
Mu3,l = 250.000 kN-m
Puz = 0.45fck*Ac + 0.75fy*Asc Cl. 39.6, IS 456:2000
= 0.45fck*Ag + (0,75fy - 0.45fck)*Asc
= 3540.000 kN
Pu/Puz = 0.50
Now, by interpolation αn = 1.500

Using interaction formula of Cl. 39.6, IS 456:2000

(Mu2/Mu2,l)αn + (Mu3/Mu3,l)αn = 0.663 < 1.00
Hence Okay

Checking for the critical combination with earthquake in the X-direction.

Pu = 1487.699 kN
Mu3 = 168.155 kN-m
e = l/500 + D/30 Cl. 25.4, IS 456:2000
= 21.67 mm
emin = 0.04 bD
 = 20 mm
Hence, design eccentricity = 21.67 mm
Mu2 = Pu*e
= 32.233 kN-m
For, Pu/(fck*bD) = 0.238 and p/fck = 0.032

Referring to chart 44 of SP16:

2
Mu2/(fck*bD ) = 0.084
So, Mu2,l = 262.500 kN-m
Mu3,l = 262.500 kN-m
Puz = 0.45fck*Ac + 0.75fy*Asc Cl. 39.6, IS 456:2000
= 0.45fck*Ag + (0,75fy - 0.45fck)*Asc
= 3540.000 kN
Pu/Puz = 0.42
Now, by interpolation αn = 1.367

Using interaction formula of Cl. 39.6, IS 456:2000

αn αn
(Mu2/Mu2,l) + (Mu3/Mu3,l) = 0.601 < 1.00
Hence Okay

5 Detail of Longitudinal R/f:

Load Combination A B
P (kN) V2 (kN) M2 (kN-m) M3 (kN-m) P (kN) V2 (kN) M2 (kN-m)
Gravity Load -2047.092 -0.750 -3.756 0.996 -2025.946 -0.750 1.694
Critical
combination with -1773.305 93.900 -3.891 178.494 -1752.159 93.900 2.380
EQx
Critical
combination with -1487.699 -0.108 -168.155 1.042 -1466.553 -0.108 51.193
EQy

Design of column for Earthquake in X-direction

Load Combination A B
 2 2
Pu/(fck*bD) Mu2/(fck*bD ) p/fck p Pu/(fck*bD) Mu2/(fck*bD ) p/fck
Gravity Load 0.328 0.001 - - 0.324 0.001 -
Critical 0.38 %
combination with 0.283 0.057 0.015 0.280 0.018 -
EQx 0.80 %

Design of column for Earthquake in Y-direction

Load Combination A B
2 2
Pu/(fck*bD) Mu2/(fck*bD ) p/fck p Pu/(fck*bD) Mu2/(fck*bD ) p/fck
Critical 0.28 %
combination with 0.238 0.054 0.011 0.235 0.016 -
EQy 0.80 %
So, for end A, p = 0.80 % So, for end A, p =

Summary of Reinforcement for Column C1

Column AB Longitudinal R/f ● ● ● ● ● ●

Reinforcement at A 12-20-8-16
4-16 mm Φ bars 4-16 mm Φ bars
Reinforcement at B 4-20-4-16 ● ● ● ●
4-20 mm Φ bars 4-20 mm Φ bars

● ● ● ● ● ●

Tabulation of Shear force in column for different Reinforcement at A Reinforcement at B

load combonations:

Load Case A B
EQx (kN) EQy (kN) EQx (kN) EQy (kN)
1.5(DL+LL) -0.750 -2.180 -0.750 -2.180
1.2(DL+LL+EQx) 74.418 -2.274 74.418 -2.274
1.2(DL+LL-EQx) -75.618 -1.349 -75.618 -1.349
1.5(DL+EQx) 93.900 -2.384 93.900 -2.384
1.5(DL-EQx) -93.645 -1.228 -93.645 -1.228
0.9DL+1.5EQx 93.849 -1.695 93.849 -1.695
0.9DL-1.5EQx -93.696 -0.539 -93.696 -0.539
 1.2(DL+LL+EQy) -0.554 66.985 -0.554 66.985
1.2(DL+LL-EQy) -0.789 -70.473 -0.789 -70.473
1.5(DL+EQy) 0.364 84.189 0.364 84.189
1.5(DL-EQy) -0.108 -87.633 -0.108 -87.633
0.9DL+1.5EQy 0.313 84.878 0.313 84.878
0.9DL-1.5EQy -0.159 -86.944 -0.159 -86.944

6 Design for Shear:

Shear Capacity of Column:
Assuming 50 % steel provided as tensile steel to be on the conservative side,
Ast = pt%/2
= 0.40 %
Hence, Permissble shear stress (τc)= 0.44 N/mm2 Cl. 40.2.1, IS 456:2000
And, Considering Lowest Pu = 590.366 kN

δ = 1+ (3Pu/Agfck) Cl. 40.2.2, IS 456:2000

= 1.283
τc = 0.56 N/mm2

Effective depth in X- direction = 450.000 Clear cover = 40 mm

Vc = 127.054 kN Bar dia. = 20 mm

Effective depth in Y- direction = 450.000

Vc = 127.054 kN
a.
The maximum factored shear force in X-direction from table = 93.900
The maximum factored shear force in Y-direction from table = 87.633
b.
Shear force due to plastic hinge formed at the beam ends
The hogging and sagging moment capacities are;
For earthquake in X-direction:
Sagging Moment Capacity = 76 kN-m
Hogging Moment Capacity = 152 kN-m
Vu = 1.4 (Mubr)/hst hst = storey height = 3.000
= 106.307
For earthquake in Y-direction:
Sagging Moment Capacity = 78 kN-m
 Hogging Moment Capacity = 155 kN-m
Vu = 1.4 (Mubr + Mubl)/hst hst = storey height = 3.000
= 108.528 kN

As per code IS 13920:1993, Cl.7.3.4

Design Shear force for column shall be maximum of case a. and Case b.

Hence,
For earthquake in X-direction, Design shear (Vu) = 106.307 kN-m
For earthquake in Y-direction, Design shear (Vu) = 108.528 kN-m

Detail of Transverse Reinforcement

Here design shear force in column is less than the shear capacity column in both direction. So, only nominal reinforcement will work.
Nominal Links:
The spacing of hoops shall not exceed half the least lateral dimension of column. Cl. 7.3.3, IS 456:2000
Least lateral dimension of column = 500 mm
Spacing of hoops ≤ 250 mm
Lets rovide 8mm-Φ bars @ 200 mm spacing
M3 (kN-m)
-38.067
-0.081
0.404
1.351

Load Case A B
M3 (kN-m) P (kN) V2 (kN) M2 (kN-m) M3 (kN-m) P (kN) V2 (kN) M2 (kN-m) M3 (kN-m)
-56.595 0.9DL+1.5EQx -1179.438 93.849 -2.733 178.028 -1166.750 93.849 1.816 -56.595
0.484 0.9DL-1.5EQx -603.054 -93.696 -1.054 -176.633 -590.366 -93.696 -0.125 57.607
57.607 1.2(DL+LL+EQx) -1868.584 74.418 -3.801 142.661 -1851.667 74.418 2.132 -43.385
0.628 1.2(DL+LL-EQx) -1407.477 -75.618 -2.458 -141.068 -1390.560 -75.618 1.163 47.976
-43.385 1.5(DL+EQx) -1773.305 93.900 -3.891 178.494 -1752.159 93.900 2.380 -56.257
2.278 1.5(DL-EQx) -1196.921 -93.645 -2.212 -176.168 -1175.775 -93.645 1.169 57.944
47.976 0.9DL+1.5EQy -888.342 0.313 163.521 1.166 -875.654 0.313 -48.938 0.484
2.393 0.9DL-1.5EQy -893.832 -0.159 -166.997 0.577 -881.145 -0.159 50.629 0.628
-56.257 1.2(DL+LL+EQy) -1635.707 -0.554 129.202 1.171 -1618.790 -0.554 -38.472 2.278
0.821 1.2(DL+LL-EQy) -1640.099 -0.789 -135.212 0.700 -1623.183 -0.789 41.182 2.393
2.869 1.5(DL+EQy) -1482.209 0.364 162.363 1.631 -1461.063 0.364 -48.374 0.821
57.944 1.5(DL-EQy) -1487.699 -0.108 -168.155 1.042 -1466.553 -0.108 51.193 0.965
0.965 1.5(DL+LL) -2047.092 -0.750 -3.756 0.996 -2025.946 -0.750 1.694 2.869
M3 (kN-m)
2.869

-56.257

0.965
 p
-
-
0.80 %

p
-
0.80 %
0.80 %

Load Case A B
EQx (kN) EQy (kN) EQx (kN) EQy (kN)
0.9DL+1.5EQx 93.849 -1.695 93.849 -1.695
0.9DL+1.5EQy 0.313 84.878 0.313 84.878
0.9DL-1.5EQx -93.696 -0.539 -93.696 -0.539
0.9DL-1.5EQy -0.159 -86.944 -0.159 -86.944
1.2(DL+LL+EQx) 74.418 -2.274 74.418 -2.274
1.2(DL+LL+EQy) -0.554 66.985 -0.554 66.985
1.2(DL+LL-EQx) -75.618 -1.349 -75.618 -1.349
1.2(DL+LL-EQy) -0.789 -70.473 -0.789 -70.473
1.5(DL+EQx) 93.900 -2.384 93.900 -2.384
1.5(DL+EQy) 0.364 84.189 0.364 84.189
1.5(DL+LL) -0.750 -2.180 -0.750 -2.180
1.5(DL-EQx) -93.645 -1.228 -93.645 -1.228
1.5(DL-EQy) -0.108 -87.633 -0.108 -87.633