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    Lateral + Wind

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    mgenius.im
    The document discusses the lateral force resisting system (LFRS) and wind loads on structures. It describes the key elements of the LFRS, including vertical elements like moment frames and walls, and horizontal diaphragms. It then covers wind velocity and pressure, factors that influence wind loads like height and topography, internal and external pressures, and provides the design equations from ASCE 7-10 for calculating wind loads.

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    Lateral + Wind

    Uploaded by

    mgenius.im
    9 views58 pages
    The document discusses the lateral force resisting system (LFRS) and wind loads on structures. It describes the key elements of the LFRS, including vertical elements like moment frames and walls, and horizontal diaphragms. It then covers wind velocity and pressure, factors that influence wind loads like height and topography, internal and external pressures, and provides the design equations from ASCE 7-10 for calculating wind loads.

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    The document discusses the lateral force resisting system (LFRS) and wind loads on structures. It describes the key elements of the LFRS, including vertical elements like moment frames and walls, and horizontal diaphragms. It then covers wind velocity and pressure, factors that influence wind loads like height and topography, internal and external pressures, and provides the design equations from ASCE 7-10 for calculating wind loads.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    9 views58 pages

    Lateral + Wind

    Uploaded by

    mgenius.im
    The document discusses the lateral force resisting system (LFRS) and wind loads on structures. It describes the key elements of the LFRS, including vertical elements like moment frames and walls, and horizontal diaphragms. It then covers wind velocity and pressure, factors that influence wind loads like height and topography, internal and external pressures, and provides the design equations from ASCE 7-10 for calculating wind loads.

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    of 58

    Behavior and Design of Structural

    System

    Chapter 3: Lateral Force Resisting System


    Dr. Dichuan Zhang
    Introduction of LFRS

    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 2


    Structural Element of LFRS

    Vertical Element

    LFRS Element Horizontal Element: Diaphragm

    Foundation

    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 3


    Vertical Element
    Moment-Resisting Frame

    Walls

    Vertical Braced System


    Element

    Dual System

    Others: Core, Tube, Outrigger, Truss etc

    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 4


    Horizontal Element
    Rigid Diaphragm: e.g. Cast-in-place concrete
    Horizontal
    Element
    Flexible Diaphragm: e.g. Precast concrete

    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 5


    Flexible vs. Rigid Diaphragm

    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 6


    In-Plane Torsion Effect

    In-plane torsion will occur under seismic loads when the


    mass center (MC) and stiffness center are not coincident

    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 7


    In-Plane Torsion Effect

    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 8


    Accidental Torsion

    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 9


    Types of LFRS
    Moment-resisting frame
    Braced frame
    Interior
    Core wall
    Outrigger
    Types of
    LFRS

    Tube
    Exterior
    Truss

    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 10


    Interior LFRS

    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 11


    Interior LFRS

    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 12


    Exterior LFRS

    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 13


    Exterior LFRS

    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 14


    Exterior LFRS

    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 15


    Loads Applied on LFRS

    Wind

    Horizontal
    Earthquake
    Loads

    Earth Pressure

    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 16


    Behavior and Design of Structural
    System

    Chapter 4: Wind Load Action


    Dr. Dichuan Zhang
    Wind Velocity & Wind Pressure

    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 2


    Terminology
    • Basic Wind Speed (Design Speed)

    • Velocity Pressure

    • Exposure Effect (Surrounding condition and height)

    • Topographical Effect (Terrain)

    • Gust Effect

    • Wind Direction Effect

    • Structural Shape and Openings


    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 3
    Basic Wind Speed

    I: 300 years II: 700 years

    ASCE 7-10

    III,IV: 1700 years


    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 4
    Basic Wind Speed
    Design return period for basic wind speed per ASCE 7-05
    Risk Categories I II III
    Return period
    25 50 100
    (years)
    Return period
    with 1.6 load 300 700 1700
    factor (years)
    Important Factor 0.87 1.0 1.15

    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 5


    Velocity Pressure

    E=mV2/2 (Force X Length) q=E/Vol (Force / area)

    q=V2/2=1.225 (kg/m3) / 9.81 (m/s2) x 9.81 (N/kg)/2 x V2


    = 0.613V2 (N/m2)

    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 6


    Exposure Category

    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 7


    Exposure Category

    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 8


    Height Effect

    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 9


    Topographical Effects

    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 10


    Topographical Effects

    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 11


    Topographical Effects

    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 12


    Gust Effect

    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 13


    Gust Effect – Rigid Building

    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 14


    Gust Effect – Flexible Building

    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 15


    Gust Effect

    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 16


    Direction Effect

    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 17


    Internal and External Pressure

    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 18


    Opening Effect

    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 19


    Enclosure Classification
     Open: Ao > 0.8Ag for each wall
     Partially Enclosed
     Ao > 1.10 Aoi, and
     Ao > min[0.37m2 , 0.01Ag], and
     Aoi/Agi < 0.20
     Enclosed: Neither open nor partially enclosed.

    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 20


    Internal Pressure Coefficient

    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 21


    External Pressure Distribution

    Partially Enclosed or Enclosed Building

    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 22


    External Pressure Distribution

    Partially Enclosed or Enclosed Building

    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 23


    External Pressure Distribution

    Partially Enclosed or Enclosed Building

    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 24


    External Pressure Coefficient

    Partially Enclosed or Enclosed Building

    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 25


    External Pressure Coefficient

    Partially Enclosed or Enclosed Building

    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 26


    Roof Pressure-Open Building

    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 27


    Roof Pressure-Open Building

    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 28


    Roof Pressure-Open Building

    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 29


    Design Equations-ASCE 7-10

    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 30


    Design Velocity Pressure

     qz =Velocity Pressure = 0.613KzKzt KdV 2(N/m2)


     Constant 0.613
     V = Basic wind speed in m/s
     Kz = Exposure Coefficient
     Kzt = Topographical Factor
     Kd = Wind Directionality Factor

     Evaluated at the building mean roof elevation, h:


     qh = 0.613V2 KhKhtKd

    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 31


    Design Net Pressure

     The net pressure is the vector sum of


    the internal and external pressures

     Typical form:
    p = qGCp – qi(GCpi)

    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 32


    Minimum Wind Pressure

    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 33


    Design Wind Load Cases

    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 34


    Design Wind Load Cases

    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 35


    Design Wind Load Cases

    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 36


    Drift Limit of Wind Load

     Serviceability drift limit:


    1/600~1/400 of building or story height

     Load combination:
    D+0.5L+Wa

    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 37


    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 38
    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 39
    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 40
    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 41
    Fall 2023 Behavior and Design of Structural System 42

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