Cairo University

Faculty of Engineering

Mechanical department

MDP 2130
Mini Project 1

Truck windshield wiper mechanism

Name section Student Id

Yassin Sayed Morsy 6 9211365
Youssef Magdy 6

1|Page
Table of Contents
(1) Abstract 3
(2) Introduction 4
Spring specifications 5

(3) Calculations 6
Forces calculations6
Equilibrium Equations 6
Free body diagram with calculated forces 7
Shear Force diagram 7
Bending Moment diagram 7
(4) Design calculations 8
Shaft design 8
Designing the lever 8
Final design outputs 10

(5) S.W. Drawings 10

Parts drawing 10
Assembly drawing 12

(5) References 13

2|Page
(1)Abstract
The design of a wind shield wiper mechanism Mostly falls in the
inversion mechanism of Basic 4-Bar mechanism which require
the consideration of variable inputs , This mechanism converts
rotary motion of a motor to oscillatory motion which is
responsible for back and forth movement of wiper blades .
Though other inversions of 4 bar mechanisms
like Parallelogram (boats) and Pantograph (buses) are also used
in other vehicles as well. From the point of view of forces ;
coefficient of friction between the glass and the wiper’s material
must be taken into account , the weight of the wiper must be
considered , the loads and stresses exerted on the links as a
result of these forces and the torque produced by the motor to
make the mechanism work should be analysed before designing
and considering the materials and dimensions of each
part ,identifying the weak areas , the more possible to fail parts ,
the , the stresses exerted on the links . designing on the most
harsh conditions the mechanism could face , taking into account
unexpected loads that could face the mechanism, by considering
the coefficient of friction in its worst case , in its maximum value
in this case would be the existence of dust and sand between the
wipers silicon material and the glass .

3|Page
(2)Introduction
Windshield wipers are a small part of your car, but they have a big
impact on your driving and overall safety. They are an essential part that
a vehicle can’t go through without . Mary Anderson is often credited
for the first functional window wiper in 1903. This old school
windshield wiper later made their presence in the cars of that era. Also,
she called her idea “window cleaning device”. Well, the things in those
times were pretty straight forward. the wipers of those times where
hand-operated rather than motorized, A lever on the inside controlled
the wipers on the windshield. Initially, this is very easy to manufacture
but was not at all convenient and safe. In this type of wiper, a lever is
mechanically connected to the wiper via a rod and the handle is
operated by hand In this type of wiper, a lever is mechanically
connected to the wiper via a rod and the handle is operated by hand ,The
driver had to take one hand off the steering wheel limiting the control
on the vehicle Over the years the technology behind the working of the
windshield wipers has changed a ton. There were various mechanisms
by which they were operated. The first idea was to make the wipers
power operated. The early model of powered windshield wipers ran on
the vacuum and was powered by the engine’s manifold. However, this
had its flaws. Vacuum in engine manifold varies with speed and throttle
input and is negligible under full-throttle. This led to the varying pace of
the wipers, at times the wipers stopped moving altogether. But this
problem was solved via a booster pump but later were overtaken by
hydraulic wipers. The hydraulic pump used for the power steering was
used to operate the windshield wipers. But the vehicles nowadays are
powered by an electric motor through a series of gears to precisely
control the speed.

Spring force is the forst needed force for calculations and it was chosen
from a springs manufacturer called ROCA

https://www.rocaindustry.com/
4|Page
With a description of

Spare springs for ROCA wiper arms

We are using item no 990617 made of Stainless steel for durability

with Electropolished surface treatment for a better performance and
with resistance of 180 N.

(3)Calculations
 The chosen coefficient of friction between the wiper and the glass
equals to 0.69 ≈0.7.
 Force imposed by the spring =180 N.
5|Page
  Friction forces (Fr) equal to µ*F=180*0.7=126 N.
 Torque exerted on the wipers = Fr*d =126*60-7560 N.mm
 Then identifying the angular velocity to be 45 rpm.
7.56 ×2 π × 45
 Power of the required motor = 60
=35.6 watt

 By considering a suitable power for a motor the chosen power for

the motor is 60 watts .
 Efficiency at 12 voltage and 7 amperes would be 65% .
 Then the actual power conducted by the motor wont be the hole
60 Actual power = 0.65*60 =39 watts.
 To find the torque on the wipers
P
T = =8.27
ω

Forces calculations
T
F 1=
d 1 = 137.9 approximated to be 138 N .
T 8.27
F 2= = =204.3 ≈ 205
d 2 .04

Equilibrium Equations :
Σ M A =0

¿*20)+( F 2∗60 ¿ – (R C ∗40 ¿=0 .

Therefore
RC = 376.5 N. RA = 33.5 N.

6|Page
Free body diagram with calculated forces
A C

33.5 13.8 376.5 205

S. 205
B.
D.
-33.5
-171.5

B.
M.
D.

-4100 (Critical section)

(4) Design
(A)Shaft design
Choosing AISI 1015
7|Page
 σy σ y 2 Tr
=≥ 2 τ max =
n ⋅S n.S J

σy = 325 Mpa . d = 8.03 mm

σ ult = 385 Mpa. Wet d=15 (for rigidity)
n⋅S = 2.
325 2 × 8280× 16
=
2 πd
3

(B)Designing the lever (Aluminium Bronze)

σ ult = 615 Mpa. σy = 380 Mpa .

32 M 41762.15
σ x= 3
= 3
πd d
16 T 41762.15
τ xy = 3
= 3
πd d

σ 1, σ 2=
σx
2
+
√( 2 )
σx 2
񨨨

67572.7
σ1
= d
3
σ2
=0.
−25810.5
σ 3= 3
d
67572.7 25810.5 380
d
3 + d
3
¿
2

d
3
>574.7
8|Page
Therefore
D > 8.31 mm
So the chosen diameter would be 15 mm.
By assuming a thickness of 4mm
And n.s =3
d0
σ = Mxy
I
y=
2

I = 121 τ × ( d −d )
3
0
3
i

σy
=σ b
n.s

d0
8.28 ×
2 380
=
1 3
× 4 ( d 30−15 3)
12

d=18.6mm
therefore chosen d =25mm
(5)Solid Works part and assembly Drawings:
The chosen dimensions were either imposed by the
task holders or chosen from calculations to better suit
the design .

9|Page
10 | P a g e
Assembly drawing

11 | P a g e
(6)References
12 | P a g e
(1) Sliding friction of wiper blade: Measurement, FE modelling
and mixed friction simulation
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2013.07.013
(2) Sliding friction at elastomer/glass contact: Influence of the
wetting conditions and instability analysis
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2008.04.012
(3) Chapter 9 - Closed kinematic chains BY
Jaime Gallardo-Alvarado, José Gallardo-Razo
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-32-395348-1.00021-1
(4) Chapter 7 – Generalities BY
Jaime Gallardo-Alvarado, José Gallardo-Razo
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-32-395348-1.00018-1

(5) Clarification of the mechanism of wiper blade rubber squeal

noise generation
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0389-4304(00)00095-3

13 | P a g e