ta) a

he Je tov
ne w het hcv
inca Cobinatn ) aA (2,2)2

sn 4Ore () a ( bi
No
lb=

a+ 2 - 2

fe 2

nae twD walues

Aome e9

wovc ht(Nv2) nealy dpndet

whue Aloset (VI2)in ? aunconly
ndsper dt cad aNecoy m R 3

Let fake eyarrp prove it.

Set i
(0 o) V2 =(0j, 0) and v (1, Io)
nen CG010) lo;to) is in dependenl

Co)C0,0), (Oil,o)) ino t

uea y tndependert.
(1,O) 0o) (Ort,
(Or0, )or , ,o) =(1,0o)
+1 Oo)
3 Ce Jtind a s ea h he flb.
and Cente ve AmaM n
Jubspares

ulopue L=Ny) eR 3 -O
an i 12)3 pan (261
Sence t1)} and (26)3 ave
nea day independent 11) 'independ
VObott a ve bass oYZ Hence
. Desine Vetoy SPace h vpt to
10 axiomy wthhwee eyornplep.
scl V i t fwo openlio scyun
0 aiom a Ve tor paCe
he

need
we

a set eton Aore 401

o veco u (den u a
Xuke ading
)
"ScalarmultplaUbn
ru le r
elernent cER o ch h
Vectov
Thehe Lousry a hold

veto sho utd ajn

1) he Sun

o v t ctor
V E V.

C
then CAEL

shodd e zuo Ve dor 0 V

Meve
Mt De-

Eray ve cy V shold hore a

nep e
 in V Td ir ven ufV hxe spuld
exi.t anotkut vech-YCv sueh tht

+(-=0
nd tn Cd R
oY any 4W e V

U+W
utw) = +v)+W
6)
cGV) =CuECV

(C+4) = Catdy

c Cdu) = (c4)

Efample1:- Vefor s f Gces

2
R
Cth uu opertuprs

ra mple 2 Fe
Ir aVector ace
voncbles
al hear eadns tn n

i t
he

CXample

V M (R) =

uSua
Show that the set V

Sue oelli on

Aot Ve coy Space

thet n ol C
o hoc
PG ce
enou h Ls Ive T

anf
Tal e C an& U- CY+2)ev ncn
C(Y+ 2) C CX+2c S whener a
C ÉV So V1 NOT Clesed
un du Slar multp ce t s
. yove t V M (P) -
Vechy ve c Pcce

a Cd
V

hen + V
7 C( C

m ie 2 matny

tat c
6 7 t h en e
C d
scelay
C
he C
kb17 aruv unV

) e e M) ang dea y

metn
ad dy 1u
fa b7
O
:7
1 rame mat nx
-b Jct () Cnd
osduy
C -d
 d
n-yve M (t

V
No ld ete V V

V V V
V3 +Vy

VU7
V U
Vt V2 +W
vw) + VVe
w VyW
)
I) (V w n mlay
u ( v g us) V +w)

(Uv+w (UV) w 4 Vy+

+ v3) V)wu

+v) (41V
(+ cyV)

Cu CV

CUC4
 u47
(C

Cu dvr c tdyH
CUymu
cuLt d
CY
Cu
-[d
d

hsde
mpore the i Component o ea

b)
Ii he tt erd ol
a Cbu) and e t entn o C a ) i

ee
hev entnu
the entney
snce a o
aCbu) Cab)

ae
wkeh
1 ent
So
Ane
u (eIsIsaveCtDv e
Debamine weti wst2n) y
a sbs pa ce of P

1) Clos wnd aJkugn

( 2 ) and y) e
hen M (2 t

which inWbecauy t he
w z-(22)
ncalor malpolLon
) cloncd undu

n) (C2cu )CEJ a

YES

3 EW
C0o) CW

So a l ndi un ss
aswbspace
8.
he su pa.brM on

ubpace
NoV fd 7 cR Gnd TR and.
Ss plane u ih
fod 7 he

OET 7 Ye sin Ce (O,0,0) selih,

he Cn uaM

2dced can dw
V ave
U and
W suppo
ht 1,2,3)= o
Wened to de
( A . , p )= O

un da
cdosd multtp lia bn be
ulay 1

k e ond a c 7
So we heu he
 hae o dei de

4, C,2.3) = o
Pe al ale C)t/ty1)-t(y
e Co) = o

Ye T subyace
O Sho w that 2(2), 7 i J
al or U= Xzrz) |2x-?y+7
We Aee
O lane rouh he
The

onun hence a 2 dmenalmal 4pacd

We e t bo th od h e ve cto y
Cy ven e O stnd
2 (2) 3 (2) +2 = o C - 3Ct)-(=

L-6
Le 2=o (-I o
O
 -PC
a 0
huow
t
 N

/
 nan Hhe numba untnaus (o)
m any $oLltm
once
3 and # lo e
1. escytbe Mpuidy ncav awnlun
Pa-Re Sa Ch
1 (2 0){9S

Cnd
C o ) =(oio)

TM2) =Cy3

24Tb-e
0 a t be

eyl-ey

2Cx2rd

S et d

C 5l
2 v2/3

= (qrla1 a /a)
1 (v
 T: Vip)t V ( ) dehnid
map
ma
lGtbi a-636) a
TCa Ca 4)
tran omlon' Comput y

ra ce nd null.

Ra Pant nullat n l spece

de
rd t T
ol he G
o methx

0ouurnM Spa re

(S
SPen ned b to unn

om he alodve

cSe T= n ul yace oMaby

N(T)- N(a )= enA-O

n7tm
 O

F - PhP
2

he the

NT) (A)=

he d nens 1on
Snce he n dty

ce
C n po
Ti O
Nullty
 e
th
the
P-(T -
RCA) =
Span
Qn d

o Ti 2 he ca o

Pan nU ty Theov m v on

ak al7 ) + {hitlly oft)=2

2
13. Datuumine Hhe mean an vance a
the eprren lal dtnbt bn
Mean Cnd vancnce ol he8' rghu
Yendam vo ycde X an e e4pvene du
Y 1Ae d

mean

V oncn (e te epdnent LIbb t a

2e -2yye7
Epain cla ' o, bn o andom pvor eAe
a ye

on Ctati bnany Jfnchasu Pocenes

e
he name
yjert n m va n

dy mamic Ataltuc Popole nc

Hel ona Stochasu voe

Undu t andon va nabla have

Cons lend stai hal 4peiues wt tme

S. PLwel Tme Schasti vo Cce

Co nR Tndoon awhsle
SUunce Contannm du
Vovfelde i t t a u ' veue)
nunuOy |me Stvchasv Koce
ns sepuencé dom
Vonalle eke vau th,l

EMa M ConhuOw YyE

1S.plain n Atail al od mlye

vaales th eanple
7adbn
M p id va
S
andbwn Vd l e
lstdn chtn
h ndn vu.Lle t

P en hwent '

he mment
e ecend mawMerd 1

we
fy
60
vue o ditwhia
The Pora1b

e ar) 2 as) f(1y)

y)
60

60

70 / +76
60 60 6 60