Flexural Analysis

3L: Initial prestressing force. (N)

3H : Effective prestressing force ( after all losses). (N)

I: Stress. (MPa)

ܲ ݁Ǥܿ‫ݐ‬
െ ൬ͳ െ ൰
-Pi/A +Pi.ect /I ‫ܣ‬ ‫ݎ‬ଶ -Mg.ct /I -Ms.ct /I f top

ct

e + = + + =
cb
Asp
-Pi.ecb /I ܲ ൬ͳ൅ ݁Ǥܿ„ ൰ -Mg.cb /I -Ms.cb /I f bot
‫ܣ‬ ‫ݎ‬ଶ

,QLWLDOO\ 6HOIZW 6HUYLFHORDG

Initial Pre-stressed

ܲ݅ ݁Ǥܿ‫ݐ‬
݂݅௧௢௣ ൌ െ ሺͳ െ ଶ ሻ
‫ܣ‬ ‫ݎ‬
ܲ݅ ݁Ǥܾܿ
݂݅௕௢௧ ൌ െ ሺͳ ൅ ଶ ሻ
‫ܣ‬ ‫ݎ‬

Applying Beam Self-weight

ܲ݅ ݁Ǥܿ‫ݐ‬ ‫݃ܯ‬Ǥܿ‫ݐ‬
݂݅௧௢௣ ൌ െ ൬ͳ െ ଶ ൰ െ
‫ܣ‬ ‫ݎ‬ ‫ܫ‬
ܲ݅ ݁Ǥܾܿ ‫݃ܯ‬Ǥܾܿ
݂݅௕௢௧ ൌ െ ൬ͳ ൅ ଶ ൰ ൅
‫ܣ‬ ‫ݎ‬ ‫ܫ‬

Applying Full Service Loads

ܲ݁ ݁Ǥܿ‫ݐ‬ ‫݃ܯ‬Ǥܿ‫ݏܯ ݐ‬Ǥܿ‫ݐ‬

݂௧௢௣ ൌ െ ൬ͳ െ ଶ ൰ െ െ
‫ܣ‬ ‫ݎ‬ ‫ܫ‬ ‫ܫ‬
ܲ݁ ݁Ǥܾܿ ‫݃ܯ‬Ǥܾܿ ‫ݏܯ‬Ǥܾܿ
݂௕௢௧ ൌ െ ൬ͳ ൅ ଶ ൰ ൅ ൅
‫ܣ‬ ‫ݎ‬ ‫ܫ‬ ‫ܫ‬


 ACI-Allowable Stresses:
1. Immediately after Pre-stress Transfer;
(a) Ext. fiber stress in compression ………..................................................0.60fci
(b) Ext. fiber stress in compression at end of simply supported member …. 0.70fci
(c) Ext. fiber stress in Tension .......………...................................................0.25ξfci
(d) Ext. fiber stress in Tension at end of simply supported member ………...0.5ξfci

2. At Service Loads
(a) Ext. fiber stress in compression …............0.45fc (Pre-stress+ Sustained load).
(b) Ext. fiber stress in compression …............0.6fc (Pre-stress+ Total load).
(c) Ext. fiber stress in Tension .......………......0.5ξfc

3. Permissible Stress in Pre-stressing Tendons

(a) Due to jacking force …………..............................0.94fpy ” 0.80fpu
(b) After pre-stress transfer……….............................0.82fpy ” 0.74fpu
(c) Post tensioning tendons …………….….................0.7fpu

Example (1): For a simply supported symmetrically I-section beam with the
properties as follow:
I=5×109 mm4 , A=114000mm2 , r2=44000mm2 , h= 610mm , carries uniformly
distributed load (D+L) = 8 kN/m in additional to its own weight over on span length
of 12m, e=130mm , Pi=750kN , Pe=640kN.
Find the flexural stresses at mid-span and at ends due to initial prestress plus self wt.
and due to effective prestress plus full service load.

Solution:

Wg=A.Ȗ = (114000×10-6).24=2.7 kN/m

Mg=Wg.L2/8
=2.7× (12)2/8=48.6 kN.m
Mid-span stresses due to Initial prestressing and self-weight:
ܲ݅ ݁Ǥܿ‫ݐ‬ ‫݃ܯ‬Ǥܿ‫ݐ‬
݂݅௧௢௣ ൌ െ ൬ͳ െ ଶ ൰ െ
‫ܣ‬ ‫ݎ‬ ‫ܫ‬

͹ͷͲͲͲͲ ͳ͵Ͳ ൈ ͵Ͳͷ ͶͺǤ͸ ൈ ͳͲ଺ ൈ ͵Ͳͷ

ൌ െ ൬ͳ െ ൰െ ൌ െͲǤ͸ͷ െ ʹǤͻ͸ ൌ െ͵Ǥ͸ͳ‫ܽܲܯ‬
ͳͳͶͲͲͲ ͶͶͲͲͲ ͷ ൈ ͳͲଽ
͹ͷͲͲͲͲ ͳ͵Ͳ ൈ ͵Ͳͷ ͶͺǤ͸ ൈ ͳͲ଺ ൈ ͵Ͳͷ
݂݅௕௢௧ ൌ െ ൬ͳ ൅ ൰൅ ൌ െͳʹǤͷͳ ൅ ʹǤͻ͸ ൌ െͻǤͷͷ‫ܽܲܯ‬
ͳͳͶͲͲͲ ͶͶͲͲͲ ͷ ൈ ͳͲଽ


Mid-span stresses after all losses and applying service loads:

Ms=Ws.L2/8

=8×122/8 = 144 kN.m

ܲ݁ ݁Ǥܿ‫ݐ‬ ‫݃ܯ‬Ǥܿ‫ݏܯ ݐ‬Ǥܿ‫ݐ‬
݂௧௢௣ ൌ െ ൬ͳ െ ଶ ൰ െ െ
‫ܣ‬ ‫ݎ‬ ‫ܫ‬ ‫ܫ‬
͸ͶͲͲͲͲ ͳ͵Ͳ ൈ ͵Ͳͷ ͶͺǤ͸ ൈ ͳͲ଺  ൈ ͵Ͳͷ ͳͶͶ ൈ ͳͲ଺  ൈ ͵Ͳͷ
ൌ െ ൬ͳ െ ൰െ െ
ͳͳͶͲͲͲ ͶͶͲͲͲ ͷ ൈ ͳͲଽ ͷ ൈ ͳͲଽ
ൌ െͲǤͷͷ െ ʹǤͻ͸ െ ͺǤ͹ͺ ൌ  െͳʹǤ͵‫ ܽܲܯ‬

͸ͶͲͲͲͲ ͳ͵Ͳ ൈ ͵Ͳͷ ͶͺǤ͸ ൈ ͳͲ଺  ൈ ͵Ͳͷ ͳͶͶ ൈ ͳͲ଺  ൈ ͵Ͳͷ

݂௕௢௧ ൌ െ ൬ͳ ൅ ൰൅ ൅
ͳͳͶͲͲͲ ͶͶͲͲͲ ͷ ൈ ͳͲଽ ͷ ൈ ͳͲଽ
ൌ െͳͲǤ͸ͺ ൅ ʹǤͻ͸ ൅ ͺǤ͹ͺ ൌ ͳǤͲ͵‫ܽܲܯ‬

At ends:
݂݅௧௢௣ ൌ െͲǤ͸ͷ‫ܽܲܯ‬ ݂݅௕௢௧ ൌ െͳʹǤͷͳ‫ܽܲܯ‬

݂௧௢௣ ൌ െͲǤͷͷ‫ܽܲܯ‬ ݂௕௢௧ ൌ െͳͲǤ͸ͺ‫ܽܲܯ‬

Example (2): For ex. (1) if fci=25MPa, and fc=35MPa. Check the resultant stress
with the ACI permissible stresses.

Solution:

At midspan stresses:
Initially ݂݅௧௢௣ ൌ െ͵Ǥ͸ͳ‫ܽܲܯ‬ሺ‫݌݉݋ܥ‬Ǥ ሻ  ൏ ‫ ݐ݈݅݉݅ܫܥܣ‬ൌ ͲǤ͸ ൈ ݂ܿ݅ ൌ െͳͷ‫ܭܱ ׵ ܽܲܯ‬
݂݅௕௢௧ ൌ െͻǤͷͷ‫ܽܲܯ‬ሺ‫݌݉݋ܥ‬Ǥ ሻ  ൏ ‫ ݐ݈݅݉݅ܫܥܣ‬ൌ ͲǤ͸ ൈ ݂ܿ݅ ൌ െͳͷ‫ܭܱ ׵ ܽܲܯ‬

Finally ݂௧௢௣ ൌ െͳʹǤ͵‫ܽܲܯ‬ሺ‫݌݉݋ܥ‬Ǥ ሻ  ൏ ‫ ݐ݈݅݉݅ܫܥܣ‬ൌ ͲǤͶͷ ൈ ݂ܿ ൌ െͳͷǤ͹ͷ‫ܭܱ ׵ ܽܲܯ‬

݂௕௢௧ ൌ ͳǤͲ͵‫ܽܲܯ‬ሺܶ݁݊‫ݏ‬Ǥ ሻ  ൏ ‫ ݐ݈݅݉݅ܫܥܣ‬ൌ ͲǤͷ ൈ ඥ݂ܿ ൌ ʹǤͻ͸‫ܭܱ ׵ ܽܲܯ‬

At ends: all stresses are OK with ACI limits.


+RPHZRUN(): For ex. (1) calculate stresses at (ͳൗͶ) span and check them with ACI
limitations.
+RPHZRUN (): If the tendon profile in ex.(1) is as shown below, calculate
stresses at midspan, at ends and at (ͳൗͶ) span. Then check the stresses with ACI
limitations.

tendon centroid
50mm

150mm
12m

+RPHZRUN (): For ex. (1), find Pi (Initial prestress force) such that the bottom
fiber stress is finally zero, (15% losses) and check other stresses with ACI
limitations.

Example (): A rectangular concrete beam of cross-section 300 mm deep and 200
mm wide is prestressed by means of 15 wires of 5 mm diameter located 65 mm from
the bottom of the beam and 3 wires of diameter of 5 mm, 25 mm from the top.
Assuming the prestress in the steel Pe =840 MPa, calculate the stresses at the
extreme fibers of the mid-span section when the beam is supporting its own weight
over a span of 6 m. If a uniformly distributed live load of 6kN/m is imposed,
evaluate the maximum working stress in concrete.


Solution:
Distance of the centroid of prestressing force from the base:
ሺͳͷ ൈ ͸ͷሻ ൅ ሺ͵ ൈ ʹ͹ͷሻ
࢟ൌቆ ቇ ൌ ͳͲͲ݉݉
ͳͺ
Eccentricity, e = 150-100= 50 mm
Prestressing force, P = (840×18×19.7) =3×105 N
4 2
Area of concrete section, A = (300 × 200) = 6×10 mm
3 7 4
Second moment of area, I = 200×300 /12 = 45×10 mm
7 6 3
Section modulus (St & Sb) = (45×10 /150)=3×10 mm

Reduce of gyration, r= 86.603 mm, r2=7500 mm2

Self weight of the beam = (0.2×0.3×24) = 1.44kN/m
Moment due to self weight, Mg = 1.44×(6)2/8 = 6.48 kN.m
Moment due to service load Ms= 6×(6)2/8 = 27 kN.m

ܲ݁ ݁ܿ‫ݐ‬ ‫ݐܿݏܯ ݐܿ݃ܯ‬

݂௧௢௣ ൌ െ ൬ͳ െ ଶ ൰ െ െ
‫ܣ‬ ‫ݎ‬ ‫ܫ‬ ‫ܫ‬
͵ ൈ ͳͲହ ͷͲ ൈ ͳͷͲ ͸ǤͶͺ ൈ ͳͲ଺  ൈ ͳͷͲ ʹ͹ ൈ ͳͲ଺ ൈ ͳͷͲ
ൌ െ ൬ͳ െ ൰െ െ
͸ ൈ ͳͲସ ͹ͷͲͲ Ͷͷ ൈ ͳͲ଻ Ͷͷ ൈ ͳͲ଻
ൌ െͲ െ ʹǤͳ͸ െ ͻ ൌ െͳͳǤͳ͸‫( ܽܲܯ‬Comp.)

ܲ݁ ݁ܿ‫ݐ‬ ‫ݐܿݏܯ ݐܿ݃ܯ‬

݂௕௢௧ ൌ െ ൬ͳ ൅ ଶ ൰ ൅ ൅
‫ܣ‬ ‫ݎ‬ ‫ܫ‬ ‫ܫ‬
ൌ െͳͲ ൅ ʹǤͳ͸ ൅ ͻ ൌ ͳǤͳ͸‫ܽܲܯ‬ሺܶ݁݊‫ݏ‬Ǥ ሻ

5 5 0 2.16
_ _9 11.16
_
+
_ + = + + =
_ _ + + +
5 5 10 2.16 9 1.16
Prestress Self wt. Service load Resultant
stress