Cardiac Cycle & Heart Sounds Flashcards - Quizlet

Cardiac Cycle & Heart Sounds Flashcards | Quizlet 2023-11-14, 12:19 AM
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Science Medicine Cardiology
Cardiac Cycle & Heart Sounds

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Human Body - Cardiovascular I DSA14: Cardiac Cycle Human
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https://quizlet.com/226535988/cardiac-cycle-heart-sounds-flash-cards/ Page 1 of 11
1. Ventricular filling
2. isometric contraction
3. ventricular ejection
4. isovolemic relaxation
1. Atrial Contraction
2. Isovolemic contraction
What are the 4 basic cardiac
3. Rapid ejection
cycle phases? What are the 7
4. Reduced ejection
more detailed phases
5. Isovolemic relaxation
6. Rapid filling
7. Reduced filling
Left atrium is contracting - you can see P wave on

EKG preceding A wave on pressure graph b/c
electrical precedes mechanical. Accounts for
about 10% of ventricular filling to fill LV maximally.
Describe phase 1 - Atrial Creates S4 when blood rushes into stiff ventricle
Contraction (pathological sound)
Volume remains unchanged in ventricle while

pressure rapidly rises b/c valves are closed. QRS
wave precedes ventricular contraction. Mitral
valve closes when pressure in left ventricle is
Describe phase 2 - Isovolemic greater than in left atrium. S1 sound created by
contraction closure of tricuspid and mitral valves
Initiated when pressure in LV exceeds pressure in

aorta so it pops open the aortic valve. Pressure
continues to rise in LV b/c its contracting so
vigorously - this is when most of blood is ejected.
Describe phase 3 Rapid
no heart sounds
Ejection
Blood is leaving heart at a slower rate. associated

w/ T wave and repolarization of the ventricle. LV
pressure starts to decline and so does aortic
pressure. At the end of phase 4, pressure in LV
becomes less than in aorta so valve closes. Also
Describe phase 4 - Reduced
notice that LA is filling steadily at the bottom. Last
Ejection
part of systole
S2 sound is the aortic valve closing. All valves are

closed in grey areas - ventricle is relaxing and no
blood is entering or exiting. Stroke volume is
distance from LVEDV to LVESV. Peak left atrial
Describe Phase 5 Isovolemic
pressure - called V wave
relaxation
Initiated when LV pressure falls below LA pressure

and mitral valve opens. Rapid silent filling - see
volume curve. If S3 is heard - pathologic for
volume overload in adults.
Describe Phase 6 Rapid Filling
Rate of filling falls later in diastole b/c pressure is

rising due to stretching of ventricle. ventricle
should be 90% filled at the end of 6 and 7, the last
Describe Phase 7 Reduced 10% is by atrial contraction.
filling
S1 - Mitral and Tricuspid valves closing during

isovolemic contraction of the ventricles
S2 - Aortic/Pulmonary valves closing during

isovolemic relaxation of ventricles
S3 - pathologic for volume overload in adults

What are the sources of the caused by tensing of chordae tendinae -- CHF,
heart sounds Left Ventricular hypertrophy, aortic stenosis
S4 - pathologic for a stiff ventricle during atrial

contraction
Ventricular pressure exceeds atrial pressures and

forces the valves closed
What causes mitral and
tricuspid valves to close and
initiate isovolemic contraction
Ventricular pressure falls below Aortic/Pulmonic

What causes aortic and pressure and forces the valves closed
pulmonary valves to close
and initiate isovolemic
relaxation
Changes in LA pressure
a - atrial contraction by electrical stimulation
c - from mitral valve bulging backward into LA

during isovolemic contraction
What are the a, c, and v
waves? v - Peak of LA filling before LV pressure drops
enough to open the mitral valve and begin LV
filling
systole - ventricular and aortic pressure
In a normal heart, ______ and diastole - ventricular and atrial pressure

_________ pressure are the same
during systole, and ______ and b/c valves are open
______ pressure are the same
during diastole
Mitral valve won't open until LA pressure is

substantially higher than LV so they're not equal
during diastole like they should be
Describe how mitral stenosis
affects pressures int he heart
Describe pathway of
electrical conduction in heart
P - atrial depolarization (atrial systole)
QRS - Ventricular depolarization w/ simultaneous

atrial repolarization
Whats occuring to cause the
P wave, QRS wave, and T
T - ventricular repolarization
wave on EKG
Delay in conduction from SA to AV node - ie

prolonged PR interval
What causes 1st degree AV
block?
SA node fires but AV node or bundle of HIS isn't

activated - ie P wave but no QRS complex (peas
w/o carrots)
What causes 2nd or 3rd
degree AVB?
Why can S2 sound be split in B/c pulmonary valve can close after aortic valve
normal hearts? during inhalation "physiologic split"
A diminished S2 heart sound Aortic stenosis

is pathognemonic for what?
Right bundle branch block
Pulmonic Stenosis
What pathology can widen S2

-- just takes longer to close
split
Atrial-septal defect
- split doesn't change w/ inhalation/exhalation

What can cause a fixed split
of S2
Aortic closure delayed instead of pulmonic - one

sound w/ inspiration and 2 w/ exhalation
What can cause paradoxical
splitting of S2
- Left bundle branch block
- Aortic stenosis
Opening of a stiff aortic or pulmonary valve as the

leaflets come to an abrupt stop
Whats an ejection click?
Mitral valve prolapse back into atria during systole
What can cause midsystolic

click
Mitral stenosis
Takes so much pressure to open mitral valve that it

Whats an opening snap? snaps when it opens
whats it pathognemonic for?
Abrupt cessation of ventricular filling in early

diastole due to constrictive pericarditis
Whats a pericardial knock?
S3
What heart sound is normal in

kids, but pathologic in adults

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Cardiac Cycle & Heart Sounds Flashcards | Quizlet 2023-11-14, 12:19 AM

Try the fastest way to create flashcards

Science Medicine Cardiology

Cardiac Cycle & Heart Sounds

Try Magic Notes and save time

Students also viewed

Human Body - Cardiovascular I DSA14: Cardiac Cycle Human

Teacher 219 terms 33 terms Teacher

azarias_vasser4 Preview Monish_Sharma9 Preview

Terms in this set (28)

Left atrium is contracting - you can see P wave on

Volume remains unchanged in ventricle while

Initiated when pressure in LV exceeds pressure in

Blood is leaving heart at a slower rate. associated

S2 sound is the aortic valve closing. All valves are

Initiated when LV pressure falls below LA pressure

Rate of filling falls later in diastole b/c pressure is

S1 - Mitral and Tricuspid valves closing during

S2 - Aortic/Pulmonary valves closing during

S3 - pathologic for volume overload in adults

S4 - pathologic for a stiff ventricle during atrial

Ventricular pressure exceeds atrial pressures and

Ventricular pressure falls below Aortic/Pulmonic

a - atrial contraction by electrical stimulation

c - from mitral valve bulging backward into LA

systole - ventricular and aortic pressure

In a normal heart, ______ and diastole - ventricular and atrial pressure

Mitral valve won't open until LA pressure is

P - atrial depolarization (atrial systole)

QRS - Ventricular depolarization w/ simultaneous

Delay in conduction from SA to AV node - ie

SA node fires but AV node or bundle of HIS isn't

A diminished S2 heart sound Aortic stenosis

Right bundle branch block

What pathology can widen S2

- split doesn't change w/ inhalation/exhalation

Aortic closure delayed instead of pulmonic - one

Opening of a stiff aortic or pulmonary valve as the

Whats an ejection click?

Mitral valve prolapse back into atria during systole

What can cause midsystolic

Takes so much pressure to open mitral valve that it

Abrupt cessation of ventricular filling in early

Whats a pericardial knock?

What heart sound is normal in

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