CHAPTER – 29

ELECTRIC FIELD AND POTENTIAL

EXERCISES

Coulomb2 1 –1 –3 4
1. 0 = =lMLT
Newton m2
kq1q2
F=
r2
2.
q1 = q2 = q = 1.0 C distance between = 2 km = 1 × 10 3 m
kq1q2 (9  109 )  1 1 9  109
so, force = F= = = 2,25 × 10 3 N
r2 (2  10 )
3 2 22  106
The weight of body = mg = 40 × 10 N = 400 N
1
So,

= 2.25
wt of body  103  = (5.6)–1 = 1
 
force between ch arg es  4  102  5.6
 
So, force between charges = 5.6 weight of body.
3.
q = 1 C, Let the distance be 
F = 50 × 9.8 = 490
Kq2 9  109  12 9  109
F=  490 = or 2 = = 18.36 × 106
 2
 2 490
  = 4.29 ×10 m 3

4.
charges ‘q’ each, AB = 1 m
wt, of 50 kg person = 50 × g = 50 × 9.8 = 490 N
kq1 kq2
 2
FC = q2 r r = 490 N
2
490  1 1
490  r 2 =
 q2 9  109
= 9  109
54.4  109
q= = 23.323 × 10 –5 coulomb ≈ 2.3 × 10–4 coulomb
5.
Charge on each proton = a= 1.6 × 10–19 coulomb
Distance between charges = 10 × 10–15 metre = r
kq2 9  109  1.6  1.6  1038
Force = 2 =
= 9 × 2.56 × 10 = 230.4 Newton
r 10 30
6. q1 = 2.0 × 10–6 q2 = 1.0 × 10–6 r = 10 cm = 0.1 m
Let the charge be at a distance x from q1
q
Kq1q kqq2 q1 q2
F1= F2 = xm (0.1–x) m

2
(0.1 )2
10 cm
9.9  2  106  109  q
=
2
Now since the net force is zero on the charge q.  f1 = f 2
kq1q kqq2
 =
2 (0.1 )2
 2(0.1 – )2 = 2  2 (0.1 – ) = 


29.1
  = 0.1 2 = 0.0586 m = 5.86 cm ≈ 5.9 cm From larger charge
1 2

29.2
7. q1 = 2 ×10–6 c q2 = – 1 × 10–6 c r = 10 cm = 10 × 10 –2 m
Let the third charge be a so, F-AC = – F- BC 10 × 10–10 m a
6
kQq1 KQq2 2  10 6 1 10 A C
 =  2 = 2 × 10–6 c B –1 × 10–6 c
r1
2
r22 (10  ) 2
10
 22 = (10 + ) 2  2  = 10 +   ( 2 - 1) = 10   = = 24.14 cm 
1.414  1
So, distance = 24.14 + 10 = 34.14 cm from larger charge
8. Minimum charge of a body is the charge of an electron
Wo, q = 1.6 × 10–19 c  = 1 cm = 1 × 10 –2 cm
kq1q2 9  109  1.6  1.6  1019  1019
So, F = = = 23.04 × 10–38+9+2+2 = 23.04 × 10–25 = 2.3 × 10–24
r 2
10 2  102
10  100
9. No. of electrons of 100 g water = = 55.5 Nos Total charge = 55.5
18
No. of electrons in 18 g of H 2O = 6.023 × 10 23 × 10 = 6.023 × 1024
6.023  1024  100 26 25
No. of electrons in 100 g of H2O = = 0.334 × 10 = 3.334 × 10
18
Total charge = 3.34 × 1025 × 1.6 × 10–19 = 5.34 × 106 c
10. Molecular weight of H2O = 2 × 1 × 16 = 16
No. of electrons present in one molecule of H 2 O = 10
18 gm of H2O has 6.023 × 10 23 molecule
18 gm of H2O has 6.023 × 10 23 × 10 electrons
6.023  1024
100 gm of H2O has  100 electrons
18
6.023 1026
So number of protons = protons (since atom is electrically neutral)
18
1.6  1019  6.023  1026 1.6  6.023  107
Charge of protons = coulomb = coulomb
18 18
1.6  6.023  107
Charge of electrons = = coulomb
18
9  1.6  6.023  10   1.6  6.023  10 
7 7
9  10 
   18
  18 
Hence Electrical force =    
(10  10 )
2 2

8  6.023
=  1.6  6.023  1025 = 2.56 × 1025 Newton
18
11. Let two protons be at a distance be 13.8 femi
9  109  1.6  1038 –
+ –+
F= = 1.2 N + – +
(14.8)2  1030 + –
12. F = 0.1 N
r = 1 cm = 10 –2 (As they rubbed with each other. So the charge on each sphere are equal)
kq1q2 kq2 0.1 104 1 1
 1014  q =  10
7
So, F = 2
 0.1 =  q2 =  q2
2
r (10 ) 2
9  109 = 9 3
1
1.6 × 10–19 c Carries by 1 electron 1 c carried by
1.6  1019
1
0.33 × 10–7 c carries by  0.33  107 = 0.208 × 1012 = 2.08 × 1011
1.6  1019

29.3
 kq1q2 9  109  1.6  1.6  1019  1019 23.04  1029
13. F = = = = 3.04 × 10–9
r2 (2.75  1010 )2 7.56  1020
14. Given: mass of proton = 1.67 × 10 –27 kg = Mp
k = 9 × 109
Charge of proton = 1.6 × 10–19 c = Cp
G = 6.67 × 10–11 Let the separation be ‘r’
k(Cp )2 G(Mp )2
Fe = , fg=
r2 r2
K(Cp )2 r2 9  109  (1.6  1`019 )2 38 38
Now, Fe : Fg =  = = 9 × 2.56 × 10 ≈ 1,24 ×10
r 2
G(Mp ) 2
6.67  10 11
 (1.67  10 27 2
)
kr
2
15. Expression of electrical force F = C  e r
dim ensional formulae of C
Since e–kr is a pure number. So, dimensional formulae of F =
dim ensional formulae of r 2
Or, [MLT–2][L2] = dimensional formulae of C = [ML3T–2]
Unit of C = unit of force × unit of r 2 = Newton × m 2 = Newton–m 2
Since –kr is a number hence dimensional formulae of
1
k= = [L–1] Unit of k = m –1
dim entional formulae of r
16. Three charges are held at three corners of a equilateral trangle.
Let the charges be A, B and C. It is of length 5 cm or 0.05 m F2 F1

Force exerted by B on A = F1 force exerted by C on A = F 2
A
So, force exerted on A = resultant F 1 = F2
kq 36
9  109  2  2  2  1012 =  10 = 14.4 0.05 m 0.05 m
F= 2 r = 25
2 5  5  10
4
60°
Now, force on A = 2 × F cos 30° since it is equilateral . B 0.05 m
C
3
= 24.94 N.
 Force on A = 2 × 1.44 × 2
17. q1 = q2 = q3 = q4 = 2 × 10–6 C A B
v = 5 cm = 5 × 10 –2 m
so force on c = F CA  FCB  FCD
C
so Force along × Component = FCD  FCA cos 45  0 D FCD
k(2  106 )2 k(2  106 )2 1  1 1 
 = kq 2   FCA
=  25  104
50 2  10 4
 FCB
(5  1092 )2  
12 10
2 2
(5 ) 22
9  10  4  10  1 
= 1  = 1.44 (1.35) = 19.49 Force along % component = 19.49
24  104  2 2 
So, Resultant R = Fx2  Fy2 = 19.49 2 = 27.56
18. R = 0.53 A° = 0.53 × 10–10 m
Kq1q2 9  10  1.6  1.6  10
9 38
F= = = 82.02 × 10–9 N
r 2
0.53  0.53  1010  1010
19. Fe from previous problem No. 18 = 8.2 × 10–8 N Ve = ?
–31 –10
Now, Me = 9.12 × 10 kg r = 0.53 × 10 m
Mev 2 Fe  r 8.2  108  0.53  1010
Now, Fe =  v2 = = 0.4775 × 1013 = 4.775 × 1012 m2/s2
r = me 9.1 1031
 v = 2.18 × 106 m/s

29.4
20. Electric force feeled by 1 c due to 1 × 10 –8 c.
k  1 108  1
F1 = = k × 10-6 N. electric force feeled by 1 c due to 8 × 10 –8 c.
(10  102 )2
k  8  108  1 k  8  108  102 28k  106
F2 = = = = 2k × 10–6 N.
(23  102 )2 9 4
k  27  108  1
Similarly F3 = = 3k × 10–6 N
(30  102 )2
So, F = F1 + F2 + F3 + ……+ F10 = k × 10–6 (1 + 2 + 3 +……+10) N
10  11
= k × 10–6 × = 55k × 10 –6 = 55 × 9 × 109 × 10–6 N = 4.95 × 10 3 N
2
kq 21 r=1m
21. Force exerted =
r2 q1
q1
9  109  2  2  1016 –6
= = 3.6 × 10 is the force exerted on the string
2
1
22. q 1 = q2 = 2 × 10–7 c m = 100 g
l = 50 cm = 5 × 10–2 m d = 5 × 10 –2 m
T 
(a) Now Electric force 
 T Sin 
T Cos  
F = K q = 9  10  4  10
2 9 14
N = 14.4 × 10–2 N = 0.144 N  90°
90°
r 2
25  10 4 F
T Sin  F

(b) The components of Resultant force along it is zero,
because mg balances T cos  and so also. T Cos 
F = mg = T sin 
(c) Tension on the string
T sin  = F T cos  = mg
F 0.144
=
Tan  = mg 100  10 3  9.8 = 0.14693
But T cos  = 102 × 10–3 × 10 = 1 N
1
= sec 
 T = cos 

F
 T = sin ,

Sin  = 0.145369 ; Cos  = 0.989378;

1
23. q = 2.0 × 10–8 c n= ? T=? Sin  =
20
20 cm
Force between the charges
Kq1q2 9  109  2  108  2  108
F= = = 4 × 10–3 N
r 2
(3  102 )2

F 4  103
mg sin  = F  m = = = 8 × 10–3 = 8 gm 5 cm
g sin  10  (1/ 20)
0
1 400  1 20
Cos  = 1 Sin2 = 1 = = 0.99 ≈ 1 T T 20
400 400
1 cm 1 cm 1 cm
So, T = mg cos 
Or T = 8 × 10 –3 10 × 0.99 = 8 × 10–2 M mg

29.5
24. T Cos  = mg …(1)
T Sin  = Fe …(2)
Fe kq2 1 40 cm 
Solving, (2)/(1) we get, tan  = =  1596
mg r mg 20 g A B
20 g
2 9  109  q2 4 cm
 =
1596 (0.04)2  0.02  9.8
2 (0.04)2  0.02  9.8  2 6.27  104 –16 2
 =
q = = 17 × 10 c
9  10  1596
9
9  10  39.95
9 ℓ 
ℓ
 v2 FBD for a mass
q= 17  10 16
= 4.123 × 10 –8
c
EF T cos 
q q T
kq 2 a
kq 2 T Sin 
25. Electric force = = mg ℓ sin  EF
( sin Q   sin Q) 2 2
4 sin 2

So, T Cos  = ms (For equilibrium) T sin  = Ef

Ef 
Or tan  = mg
mg
 q2 cot 
 kq2
mg = Ef cot  = 42 sin2 cot  = 2 sin2 16E0

q cot 
2
or m = unit.
16E 02Sin2g
26. Mass of the bob = 100 g = 0.1 kg
So Tension in the string = 0.1 × 9.8 = 0.98 N.
10 cm mg
For the Tension to be 0, the charge below should repel the first bob.
kq q 2 × 10–4 C
F =12 2 T – mg + F = 0  T = mg – f T = mg
r
9  109  2  104  q2 0.98  1 102
 0.98 =  q2 = 0.054 × 10–9 N
(0.01)2 = 9  2  105
27. Let the charge on C = q
So, net force on c is equal to zero q C 2q
So F F = 0, But F =F kqQ
 2 =
k2qQ A x d–x B
AC BA AC BC
x (d  x) 2 d

 2x2 = (d – x) 2  2 x = d – x
d d ( 2  1)
x= =  = d( 2  1)
2 1 ( 2  1) ( 2  1)
For the charge on rest, F AC + FAB = 0
kqQ kq(2q) = 0  kq [(2.414)2 Q  2q] = 0
(2.414)2 
d2 d2 d2
 2q = –(2.414) 2 Q
2  2 
Q= q =   q = –(0.343) q = –(6 – 4 2 )
 ( 2  1)2  3  2 2 
28. K = 100 N/m ℓ = 10 cm = 10–1 m q = 2.0 × 10–8 c Find ℓ = ?
kq1q2 9  1092  108  2  108
Force between them F = 2 = = 36 × 10–5 N K
r 102 q1 q2
F 36  105
So, F = – kx or x = = = 36 × 10–7 cm = 3.6 × 10–6 m
K 100

29.6
29. q A = 2 × 10–6 C Mb = 80 g  =0.2
Since B is at equilibrium, So, Fe = R 10 cm
KqAqB
 =  R = m × g R
r2
9  109  2  106  q  mg =  R Fe
B = 0.2 × 0.08 × 9.8
0.01
0.2  0.08  9.8  0.01 mg
 qB = = 8.7 × 10–8 C Range = 8.7 × 10–8 C
9  109  2  106
30. q1 = 2 × 10–6 c Let the distance be r unit
kq1q2
 Frepulsion =
r2 q2
kq1q2
For equilibrium = mg sin 
r2 x

9  109  4  1012 = m × 9.8 × 1 30°

 q1
r2 2
18  4  103 = 72  10
3
 r2 = = 7.34 × 10–2 metre
m  9.8 9.8  101
 r = 2.70924 × 10–1 metre from the bottom.
31. Force on the charge particle ‘q’ at ‘c’ is only the x component of 2 forces
FCB = FAC
So, Fon c = FCB Sin  + FAC Sin  But
2kqx =
KQq x = 16kQq
= 2 FCB Sin  = 2  (x  d / 4)
 
2 2 3 / 2 x
x2  (d / 2)2 x d /4
2 2
1/ 2
(4x2  d2 ) 3 / 2
dF 
For maximum force dx = 0

d  16kQqx 

(4x
2 2
 
2
 d )  x3 / 2 4x  d 
2 1/ 2  
8x 
FCB
C 
FAC
 = 0  K 
dx  (4x 2  d2)3 / 2   
=0
[4x2  d2 ]3 
  
  x



K(4x 2  d 2 )1/ 2 ( 4x 2  d 2 ) 3  12x 2  = 0  (4x 2
+d2)3 = 12 x2 
B
(4x2  d2 )3 A d/2

 16 x4 + d4 + 8x2d2 = 12 x2 d4 + 8 x2 d2 = 0
d
 d2 = 0 d2 + 8 x2 = 0  d2 = 8 x2  d =
22
32. (a) Let Q = charge on A & B Separated by distance d
q = charge on c displaced  to –AB FBO FOA

So, force on 0 = FAB  FBO O 


But FAO Cos  = FBO Cos 
So, force on ‘0’ in due to vertical component.
x
F = FAO Sin  + FBO Sin  FAO  FBO
 
KQq 2KQq A d/2 C B
= 2 Sin F= Sin
(d / 22  x2 ) (d / 2)2  x2 d Q
Q
4  2  kQq  x 2kQq
=  = x = Electric force  F  x
(d2  4x2 ) [(d / 2)2  x2 ]1/ 2 [(d / 2)2  x2 ]3 /
2

29.7
 2kQq
(b) When x << d F= x x<<d
[(d / 2) 2  x2 ] 3 / 2
F 1
F= 2kQq x Fx a = =   2kQqx 

(d2 / 4)3 / 2  m 
m [(d2 / 4)   2 


 

 
So time period T = 2 = 2
 g a

KQq KQq
33. FAC = FCA = ℓ ℓ
(  x) 2 (  x) 2 A
C
B
 1 1  X
ℓ+x ℓ–x
Net force = KQq   2

(  x) (  x) 
2

(  x)2  (  x)2  4x 


= KQq  

 (  x) (  x) = KQq (

 2 2 2  
2 2
x ) 
x<<< l = d/2 neglecting x w.r.t. ℓ We get
KQq4x = KQq4x 4KQq
net F = 3 acceleration =
4 x m3
displacement
xm3 m3
Time period = 2 = 2 = 2


acceleration 4KQqx 4KQq

2
4 m 43
4 m 
3 3 3md3 1/ 2
0 
= 0
= 0
= 4 md 0 8Qq = 
3 3

4Qq Qq  2Qq 
34. Fe = 1.5 × 10–3 N, q = 1 × 10 –6 C, Fe = q × E
Fe 1.5  103
E= = = 1.5 × 103 N/C
q 1 106
35. q2 = 2 × 10–6 C, q1 2 = – 4 × 10–6 C, r = 20 cm = 0.2 m
(E1 = electric field due to q1, E2 = electric field due to q2)
q2 (r  1)2 q2 4  106
(r  x) 2 =  = 1
 q x q = =
x2 1 1
2  10 6 2
1 1 r
r   =  = 1.414 +1 = 2.414
   1 = 2 1.414 x
x 
r 20
x= = = 8.285 cm
2.414 2.414
KQ
36. EF =
r2 30° 2F Cos 30°
9  109  Q
5 N/C =
42
4  20  102
 = Q  Q = 8.88 × 10–11
9  109 60°
37. m = 10, mg = 10 × 10 –3 g × 10–3 kg, q = 1.5 × 10–6 C qE
But qE = mg  (1.5 × 10 ) E = 10 × 10 × 10
–6 –6

10  104  10 100
E= = = 66.6 N/C
1.5  106 1.5
100  103 105 1 mg
= = = 6.6 × 103
1.5 15

29.8
 38. q = 1.0 × 10–8 C, ℓ = 20 cm
E=? V=?
Since it forms an equipotential surface. 1.0 × 10–8

So the electric field at the centre is Zero. 2 × 10–1 m

r
2 2
r= (2  101)2  (101)2 = 4  102  102
3 3
2 2 1.0 × 10–8 1.0 × 10–8 C
= 102 (4  1) =  10 2  1.732 = 1.15 ×10–1
3 3
3  9  1091 108
V= = 23 × 102 = 2.3 × 103 V
1 101
39. We know : Electric field ‘E’ at ‘P’ due to the charged ring Q
KQx KQx
= =
(R2  x2 )3 / 2 R3 R
P
q  K  Qx O
Force experienced ‘F’ = Q × E = X m, q
R3
Now, amplitude = x
x mR3x 40mR3 42  40mR3
So, T = 2 KQqx / mR 3 = 2 KQqx = 2 =
Qq qQ
1/ 2
16  mR 
3 3
 T = 0 
 qQ 
Q
40.  = Charge per unit length =
L
dq1 for a length dl =  × dl
dq r L

Electric field at the centre due to charge = k  dℓ
r2 dℓ
ℓ
The horizontal Components of the Electric field balances each other. Only the
vertical components remain.
 Net Electric field along vertical
Kdq  cos  = 2kCos    dl d
= dℓ = rd]
dE = 2 E cos  =  [but d =
r2 r
r2
2k
 Cos  rd  2k Cos  d
r2 r
/2 /2
2k 2k

Sin = 2kl = 2K
or E = r
Cos  d =
 r r Lr
0 0
L
but L = R  r =


So E = 2k 2k 2  
= =  =
L  (L / )
 

L2 40 L2 20L2

C 
41. G = 50 C = 50 × 10–6 C Q
2KQ +
We have, E = for a charged cylinder. + x 10
r +  
+ Q Q
2  9  109  50  106 9 5
E= 105 = 1.03 × 10 –5 +
= Q
5 3 53

29.9
 42. Electric field at any point on the axis at a distance x from the center of the ring is
xQ KxQ
E= =
40 (R  x )
2 2 3/2
(R  x2 )3 / 2
2

Differentiating with respect to x

R
dE KQ(R2  x2 )3 / 2  KxQ(3 / 2)(R2  x2 )11/ 2 2x
=
dx (r 2  x2 )3 x

Since at a distance x, Electric field is maximum.

dE
= 0  KQ (R2 +x2) 3/2 – Kx2 Q3(R2 + x2)1/2 = 0
dx
 KQ (R2 +x2) 3/2 = Kx2 Q3(R2 + x2)1/2  R2 + x2 = 3 x2
R 2 R
 2 x2 = R2  x = x=
2

2 2
43. Since it is a regular hexagon. So, it forms an equipotential surface. Hence the charge at
each point is equal. Hence the net entire field at the centre is Zero.
Q Qd
44. Charge/Unit length = =   Charge of dℓ = C
2a 2a
Initially the electric field was ‘0’ at the centre. Since the element ‘dℓ’ is removed so, net electric field must
K q
Where q = charge of element dℓ
a2
Kq 1 Qd =
E= =  2 Qd
2 1 2a a
a 40 82 a3 0

45. We know,
Electric field at a point due to a given charge
Kq d
‘E’ = Where q = charge, r = Distance between the point and the charge q
r2
So, ‘E’ = 1 q [ r = ‘d’ here]

40 d2 d
3 –5 –5
46. E = 20 kv/m = 20 × 10 v/m, m = 80 × 10 kg, c = 20 × 10 C
1
 qE 
tan  =  mg  [ T Sin  = mg, T Cos  = qe]
 
 2  10  8 620  10 3 1  1 1 qE
tan  =  80  10  10  =  2 
   
1 5 1 2
1 + tan2  =  1 = [Cos  = , Sin  = ]
4 4 5 5 T qE
2 
T Sin  = mg  T  = 80 × 10–6 × 10 
5
 mg
 8  104  5 4 –4 mg
T= = 4  5  10 = 8.9 × 10
2
47. Given
u = Velocity of projection, E = Electric field intensity
q = Charge; m = mass of particle
E
We know, Force experienced by a particle with charge ‘q’ in an electric field E = qE
q
qE
 acceleration produced = m
m

29.10
 qE
As the particle is projected against the electric field, hence deceleration =
m
So, let the distance covered be ‘s'
Then, v 2 = u2 + 2as [where a = acceleration, v = final velocity]
qE 2
Here 0 = u2  2   S  S = u m units
m 2qE
48. m = 1 g = 10–3 kg, u = 0, q = 2.5 × 10 –4 C ; E = 1.2 × 10 4 N/c ; S = 40 cm = 4 × 10 –1 m
a) F = qE = 2.5 × 10 –4 × 1.2 × 104 = 3 N
F 3
So, a = = = 3 × 103
m 103

Eq = mg = 10–3 × 9.8 = 9.8 × 10 –3 N

1 2 2a 2  4  101 –2
b) S = at or t = = = 1.63 × 10 sec
2 g 3  103

v2 = u2 + 2as = 0 + 2 × 3 × 103 × 4 × 10–1 = 24 × 102  v = 24  102 = 4.9 × 10 = 49 m/sec

work done by the electric force w = Ftd = 3 × 4 × 10 –1 = 12 × 10–1 = 1.2 J
49. m = 100 g, q = 4.9 × 10–5, Fg = mg, Fe = qE
E = 2 × 104 N/C
So, the particle moves due to the et resultant R
(0.1 9.8)2  (4.9  105  2  104 )2
R= Fg2  Fe2 =

= 0.9604  96.04  102 = 1.9208 = 1.3859 N

Fg = 45°
qE
tan  = m
g =1 So,  = 45°
Fe qE
 Hence path is straight along resultant force at an angle 45° with horizontal
Disp. Vertical = (1/2) × 9.8 × 2 × 2 = 19.6 m mg R
1 qE 1 0.98
Disp. Horizontal = S = (1/2) at2 =  t = 2
  2  2 = 19.6 m
2 m 2 0.1
(19.6)2  (19.6)2 = 768.32
Net Dispt. = = 27.7 m
–6
50. m = 40 g, q = 4 × 10 C
45
Time for 20 oscillations = 45 sec. Time for 1 oscillation = sec
20
 45  qE
When no electric field is applied, T = 2  = 2
g 20 10 m

  45 2 1 (45) 2  10
 10 =  20   42  ℓ = (20)2  42 = 1.2836
 
mg
When electric field is not applied,
  qE
T = 2 [a= = 2.5] = 2 1.2836 = 2.598
ga m 10  2.5
Time for 1 oscillation = 2.598
Time for 20 oscillation = 2.598 × 20 = 51.96 sec ≈ 52 sec.
51. F = qE, F = –Kx
Where x = amplitude E
qE K
qE = – Kx or x =
K q m

29.11
52. The block does not undergo. SHM since here the acceleration is not proportional to displacement and
not always opposite to displacement. When the block is going towards the wall the acceleration is along
displacement and when going away from it the displacement is opposite to acceleration.
Time taken to go towards the wall is the time taken to goes away from it till velocity is
d = ut + (1/2) at 2
 d = 1  qE  t 2 d
2 m
q
2dm 2md
t 2
t= m
= qE qE
 Total time taken for to reach the wall and com back (Time period)
2md 8md
= 2t = 2 =
qE qE
53. E = 10 n/c, S = 50 cm = 0.1 m
dV
E= or, V = E × r = 10 × 0.5 = 5 cm
dr
54. Now, VB – VA = Potential diff = ? Charge = 0.01 C
Work done = 12 J Now, Work done = Pot. Diff × Charge
12
 Pot. Diff = = 1200 Volt
0.01
55. When the charge is placed at A,
Kq1q2 Kq3q4 2 × 10–7 A 2 × 10–7
E1= 
r r
3
9  10 (2  10 )
9 7 2
9  109 (2  107 )2 1 2
=  20 cm 20 cm
0.1 0.1
2  9  109  4  1014 B
= = 72 × 10 –4 J
0.1
When charge is placed at B,
Kq Kq 3q 4
= 2  9  109  4  1014
E2 = 1q2 r = 36 × 10–4 J
0.2
r
Work done = E1 – E2 = (72 – 36) × 10–4 = 36 × 10–4 J = 3.6 × 10–3 J
56. (a) A = (0, 0) B = (4, 2) y
B
VB – VA = E × d = 20 × 16 = 80 V
(b) A(4m, 2m), B = (6m, 5m)
A x
 VB – VA = E × d = 20  (6  4)2 = 20 × 2 = 40 V
(c) A(0, 0) B = (6m, 5m) E = 20 N/C
z
 VB – VA = E × d = 20  (6  0)2 = 20 × 6 = 120 V.
57. (a) The Electric field is along x-direction
Thus potential difference between (0, 0) and (4, 2) is,
V = –E × x = – 20 × (40) = – 80 V
Potential energy (UB – UA) between the points = V × q
= – 80 × (–2) × 10–4 = 160 × 10–4 = 0.016 J.
(b) A = (4m, 2m) B = (6m, 5m)
V = – E × x = – 20 × 2 = – 40 V
Potential energy (UB – UA) between the points = V × q
= – 40 × (–2 × 10–4) = 80 × 10–4 = 0.008 J
(c) A = (0, 0) B = (6m, 5m)
V = – E × x = – 20 × 6 = – 120 V
Potential energy (UB – UA) between the points A and B
= V × q = – 120 × (–2 × 10–4) = 240 × 10–4 = 0.024 J
29.12
  
58. E = ˆi20  ˆj30 N/CV = at (2m, 2m) r = ( 2i + 2j)

So, V= – E  r = –(i20 + 30J) (2 ˆi + 2j) = –(2 × 20 + 2× 30) = – 100 V
59. E = i × Ax = 100 i
0 10 10 Y

 dv =  E  d  
1
V =  10x  dx = 
2 10  x
2

v 0 0 P(10, 20)
1 
0–V=  1000 = – 500  V = 500 Volts
20
2  
 X O
60. V(x, y, z) = A(xy + yz + zx) 10
Volt ML2T2 –3 –1
(a) A = = = [MT  ]
m2 TL2
   
Vˆi Vˆj Vkˆ =  [A(xy  yz  zx)  [A(xy  yz  zx)  [A(xy  yz  
(b) E =   
zx) 
 

x y z x y z
  


 
=  ( Ay  Az) î  (Ax  Az) ĵ  (Ay  Ax)k̂ =  A(y  z) î  A(x  z) ĵ  A(y  x)k̂
(c) A = 10 SI unit, r = (1m, 1m, 1m)
2o2  202  202 = 1200 = 34.64 ≈ 35 N/C
E = –10(2) ˆi– 10(2) ˆj – 10(2) kˆ= – 20 ˆi – 20 ˆj – 20 kˆ=
61. q1 = q2 = 2 × 10–5 C
Each are brought from infinity to 10 cm a part d = 10 × 10 –2 m
So work done = negative of work done. (Potential E)
10
P.E. = K 
q1q2 9  109  4  1010

= = 36 J
P.E = F  ds

r 10  102
E
62. (a) The angle between potential E dℓ = dv Y 10 v 20 v 30 v 40 v
90°
Change in potential = 10 V = dV 30°
As E = r dV (As potential surface) 10 20 30 40
So, E dℓ = dV  E dℓ Cos(90° + 30°) = – dv
 E(10× 10–2) cos 120° = – dV
dV 10
E= =  = 200 V/m making an angle 120° with y-axis
10  10 Cos120
2 10  (1/ 2)
1 30 v
20 v
(b) As Electric field intensity is r to Potential surface
10 v 60 v
kq kq kq = 60 v q = 6
So, E = 2
r = 
r r r K 30 v
kq 6 k 6 20 v
So, E = = v.m = 2 v.m
r2 k  r2 r
63. Radius = r So, 2r = Circumference
Charge density =  Total charge = 2r × 
Kq 1 2r r
Electric potential = =  2 =
r 40 (x  r )2 1/ 2
20 (x2  r 2 )1/ 2
V
So, Electric field = Cos
r (r 2  x2 )
1 r x
r
=

20 (x2  r 2 ) 1/ 2 (x2  r 2 ) 1/ 2
r x rx
=  =
20 (x  r )
2 2 1/ 2
(x  r )
2 2 1/ 2
20 (x  r 2 )3 / 2
2

29.13
64. E = 1000 N/C 
2
(a) V = E × dℓ = 1000  = 20 V
100
2 cm
(b) u = ? E = 1000, = 2/100 m E
F qE 1.6  1019  1000
a= = = = 1.75 × 1014 m/s2
m m 9.1 1031
0 = u2 –2 × 1.75 × 1014 × 0.02  u2 = 0.04 × 1.75 × 10 14  u = 2.64 × 106 m/s.
(c) Now, U = u Cos 60° V = 0, s = ? u cos 60°
a = 1.75 × 1014 m/s2 V2 = u2 – 2as
E 60°
 1 2
uCos602 2.64  10 2
6
1.75  1012
s= =   = = 0.497 × 10–2 ≈ 0.005 m ≈ 0.50 cm
2 a 2  1.75  1014 3.5  1014
65. E = 2 N/C in x-direction
(a) Potential aat the origin is O. dV = – E x dx – Ey dy – Ez dz
 V – 0 = – 2x  V = – 2x
(b) (25 – 0) = – 2x  x = – 12.5 m
(c) If potential at origin is 100 v, v – 100 = – 2x  V = – 2x + 100 = 100 – 2x
(d) Potential at  IS 0, V – V = – 2x  V = V + 2x = 0 + 2  V = 
Potential at origin is . No, it is not practical to take potential at  to be zero.
66. Amount of work done is assembling the charges is equal to the net
potential energy 2× 10–5 C
2
So, P.E. = U12 + U13 + U23
Kq1q3  Kq2q3 K  10 10 10 cm 10 cm
Kq1q2   =
=  [4  2  4  3  3  2]
r12 r13 r23 r 1 60° 3

9  109  1010 4× 10–5 C 3 × 10–5 C

= (8  12  6) = 9 × 26 = 234 J
101
67. K.C. decreases by 10 J. Potential = 100 v to 200 v.
So, change in K.E = amount of work done
 10J = (200 – 100) v × q0  100 q0 = 10 v
10
= 0.1 C
 q0 100
=
KQ 9  109  2  104
68. m = 10 g; F = = F = 1.8 × 10 –7
r 10  102
7 O 10 cm O
1.8  10
F=m×aa= = 1.8 × 10 –3 m/s2 2× 10–4 c 2 × 10–4 c
10  103
V2 – u2 = 2as  V2 = u2 + 2as

V= 0  2  1.8  103  10  102 = 3.6  104 = 0.6 × 10–2 = 6 × 10–3 m/s.

–5
69. q1 = q2 = 4 × 10 ; s = 1m, m = 5 g = 0.005 kg
q2 9  109  (4  105 )2 B
= = 14.4 N A
F=K – 4 × 10–5
r 2 12 +4 × 10–
5 1m
14.4 F
Acceleration ‘a’ = = = 2880 m/s2
m 0.005
Now u = 0, s = 50 cm = 0.5 m, a = 2880 m/s2, V =?
V = u + 2as  V = = 2 × 2880 × 0.5
2 2 2

V= 2880 = 53.66 m/s ≈ 54 m/s for each particle

29.14
70. E = 2.5 × 104 P = 3.4 × 10–30  = PE sin 
= P × E × 1 = 3.4 × 10 –30 × 2.5 × 10 4 = 8.5 × 10–26
71. (a) Dipolemoment = q × ℓ B
A
(Where q = magnitude of charge ℓ = Separation between the charges) –2 × 10–6 C – 2 × 10–6
1 cm
= 2 × 10–6 × 10-2 cm = 2 × 10–8 cm
(b) We know, Electric field at an axial point of the dipole
2KP 2  9  1092  108 A
O
B
= = = 36 × 107 N/C
r3 (1 102 )3 1 cm

(c) We know, Electric field at a point on the perpendicular bisector about 1m M 1m

away from centre of dipole.
KP 9  1092  108 A B
= = = 180 N/C O
r3 13
72. Let –q & –q are placed at A & C A –q
Where 2q on B So length of A = d 60°
So the dipole moment = (q × d) = P q B d
So, Resultant dipole moment C
q –q
2q
P= [(qd)2 + (qd)2 + 2qd × qd Cos 60°]1/2 = [3 q2 d2] 1/2 = 3 qd = 3P
73. (a) P = 2qa
E2 
(b) E1 Sin  = E2 sin  Electric field intensity
P q
= E1 Cos  + E2 Cos  = 2 E1 Cos   P d a
Kqp 2KPQ a 2Kq  a P
E1 = a2  d2 so E = a2  d2 (a2  d2 )1/ 2 = E1
(a2  d2 ) 3 / 2 d
PK 1 P  +q
2Kqa = = –q  a
When a << d = 2 3/ 2 d3 40 d3 a
(d )
74. Consider the rod to be a simple pendulum.
(ℓ = length, q = acceleration)
For simple pendulum T = 2  / g m m E
Now, force experienced by the charges –q q
a
F = Eq Now, acceleration = F = Eq
m m
a (Eq / ma
= 2
Hence length = a so, Time period = 2 m) Eq
75. 64 grams of copper have 1 mole 6.4 grams of copper have 0.1 mole
1 mole = No atoms 0.1 mole = (no × 0.1) atoms
= 6 × 1023 × 0.1 atoms = 6 × 1022 atoms
1 atom contributes 1 electron 6 × 1022 atoms contributes 6 × 1022 electrons.

    

29.15