Arterial blood

gases
Team:
● Cruz Salazar Leonor
● Gutierrez Brianna
● Mata López Pamela Nashiely
● Suárez López Megan Daniela
 Definition

It is a measurement of the amount of oxygen and carbon

dioxide present in the blood, as well as the acid-base
balance.
 Equipment and Consumables
● Syringes of between 1 and 3 milliliters
● Needles between 20 and 30 Fr
● Anticoagulants (heparin)
● Antiseptic solutions
● Data labels
● Sterile gauze
● Waste containers
● Sterile gloves
● Eye protection equipment
● Arm rest device
● Topical anesthetic
 Before the test

Avoid intense Do not smoke Fasting is not

exercises (2h before) required Do not stop basic
medication

Hemodynamically Suspend the

stable supplemental O2
(20min before)
 Before the test

Confirm the order made Explain the procedure Informed consent

by the doctor to the patient signature

Check: full name, date of

birth

Know the risks and The patient must be

precautions seated
Before the test
Allen´s Test
 Test

The most common puncture Put the hand in dorsiflexion

site is the radial artery on a flat surface

Do the Allen’s test, and once the pulse is

found, the site should be sterilely prepared
 Test

While continuing to palpate the pulse,

use your hand to puncture the artery by
placing the needle attached to the
syringe at a 45° angle

At the end of the procedure remove

the syringe and compress with a
clean and dry gauze at a distance
of 1 or 2 cm from the puncture site
 Postprocedural care

After the procedure, the patient

should be monitored for:

● Skin color changes

● Persistent or worsening
pain
● Active bleeding
● Impaired movement or
sensation of the limb
Sample transportation

Gas diffusion

Changes in cellular metabolism Analyse

immediately

Alters the parameters

Reduces metabolic
effects
 Considerations
1. If the puncture is unsuccessful, it is possible that both
arterial walls have been penetrated.
a. Withdraw the needle slightly until the tip re-enters the
artery.
b. If the artery is not found during puncture or is not found
on a first attempt, DO NOT vary the angle in deep layers.
2. Disappearance of pulse usually indicates arterial
spasm or hematoma formation.
a. The needle is withdrawn and another site is sought.
3. The use of a GASOMETRY KIT is advised.
a. When this kit is not available, insulin syringes, suitable
for the technique, are usually used.
4. One way to differentiate arterial from venous blood is by
color.
 Contraindications

● Negative modified Allen test.

● Injury or infectious process at the puncture site.
● Absence of pulse in the area where the arterial puncture is expected to be
performed.
● Presence of arteriovenous fistula at the site considered for puncture.
● Coagulopathy or anticoagulation with high average doses.
 Complications
● Hematoma
● Hemorrhage
● Infection
● Paresthesias
● Local pain
● Distal ischemia
● Allergic reaction to the
anesthetic.
Safety measures