APA STYLE CITATIONS

Based on the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th Edition

Do not use copyright or review dates in place of publication dates. If no date of publication or last update is given, use (n.d.).
Use the word “and” in narrative citations but use the “&” symbol in parenthetical ones.
If an author’s name and a website name are the same, omit it from the source portion. If there is no author, move the title to the beginning
of the citation.
DOIs are required. To find them, use search.crossref.org. Format DOIs in this fashion: https://doi.org/INSERT DOI HERE

In-text citation
References (Parenthetical) or Narrative

Book or eBook Everly, G.S., Jr., & Lating, J. M. (2017). The Johns Hopkins guide to (Everly & Lating, 2017)
psychological first aid. Johns Hopkins University Press. Everly and Lating (2017)

Work in an anthology Vicioso, S. (2016). The Caribbean, or the feminine face of multiculturalism. In (Vicioso, 2016)
E. M. Martinez (Ed.), Daring to write: Contemporary narratives by Vicioso (2016)
Dominican women (pp. 159-163). University of Georgia Press.
https://doi.org/10.1057/s41276-017-0075-x

Book chapter/ref. work Barreto, A. R., Campos, M. M., Dias, M. C. M., Friedmann, A., Haddad, L., (Barreto et al., 2007)
entry Kishimoto, T. M., Vitoria, T. (2007). Brazil. In R. S. New & M. Cochran Barreto et al. (2007)
(Eds.), Early childhood education: An international encyclopedia (Vol.
4, pp. 914-970). Praeger.

Online ref. work entry Central Intelligence Agency. (2021, July 16). Central America: Haiti. In The (Central Intelligence
world factbook. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/ the- Agency, 2021)
world-factbook/geos/aa.html Central Intelligence
Agency (2021)
Social Media Post National Geographic [@NatGeo]. (2020, April 12). Harpy eagles—the largest (National Geographic,
of all the eagles—may look like something from a fantasy book, but in 2020)
the wild [Thumbnail with link attached] [Tweet]. Twitter. National Geographic
https://twitter.com/NatGeo/status/1249400149731934208?s=20 (2020)

Online video TED. (2011, May 2). Beware online “filter bubbles” [Video]. YouTube. (TED, 2011)
https://youtu.be/B8ofWFx525s TED (2011)

Article with a DOI Schwartz, J., Bind, M.-A., & Koutrakis, P. (2017). Estimating causal effects of (Schwartz et al., 2017)
local air pollution on daily deaths: Effect of low levels. Environmental Schwartz et al. (2017)
Health Perspectives, 125(1), 23–29. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP232

Article without a DOI Martin, N. (2019, February 5). New Hampshire’s opioid crisis looms over (Martin, 2019)
(journal, magazine, marijuana legalization debate. The Boston Globe. Martin (2019)
newspaper, blog, etc.…) https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/marijuana/2019/02/05/new-
hampshire-opioid-crisis-looms-over-marijuana-legalization-debate/
xBoezjtW0FzPbU1oyuS71M/story.html

Web page* *** use this for news websites and other truly digital locations only *** (Shukman, 2019)
(CNN, BBC News, CDC, Shukman, D. (2019, April 2). What does air pollution do to our bodies? BBC Shukman (2019)
Mayo Clinic, etc.…) News. https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-47777103

Online source, group Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.) About high blood pressure. (Centers for Disease
author U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Control and Prevention,
https://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/about.htm n.d.)
Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention.
(n.d.)
Report Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2019). (Substance Abuse and
Substance misuse prevention for young adults (Publication No. PEP19- Mental Health Services
PL-Guide-1). https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/d7/priv/pep19- Administration, 2019)
pl-guide-1.pdf Substance Abuse and
Mental Health Services
Administration (2019)
Personal *** Do not put in reference list, cite in-text only***
communication* (J. Fielding, personal communication, April 30, 2020)

Questions? Ask a Librarian! http://necc.mass.libanswers.com

978-556-3400 (Haverhill) ∙ 978-738-7400 (Lawrence)
 Questions? Ask a Librarian! http://necc.mass.libanswers.com
978-556-3400 (Haverhill) ∙ 978-738-7400 (Lawrence)

(interview/email/lectur J. Fielding (personal communication, April 30, 2020)

e)

Table 8.1 Basic In-Text Citation Styles

Author type Parenthetical citation Narrative citation

One author (Luna, 2020) Luna (2020)

Two authors (Salas & D’Agostino, 2020) Salas & D’Agostino (2020)

Three or more authors (Martin et al., 2020) Martin et al. (2020)

Group author with abbreviation

First citationa (National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH], National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH, 2020)
2020)
Subsequent citations NIMH (2020)
(NIMH, 2020)

Group author without abbreviation (Stanford University, 2020) Stanford University (2020)
a
Define the abbreviation for a group author only once in the text, choosing either the parenthetical or the narrative format. Thereafter, use the abbreviation for
all mentions of the group in the text.

American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000

Sample References List

Be sure to alphabetize all entries and use a hanging indent for any citation that is longer than one line

References

Barreto, A. R., Campos, M. M., Dias, M. C. M., Friedmann, A., Haddad, L., Kishimoto, T. M., Vitoria, T. (2007). Brazil. In R. S. New &

M. Cochran (Eds.), Early childhood education: An international encyclopedia (Vol. 4, pp. 914-970). Praeger.

Central Intelligence Agency. (2020, March 19). Central America: Haiti. In The world factbook.

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/ the-world-factbook/geos/aa.html

Charles Hull. (n.d.). National Inventors Hall of Fame. https://www.invent.org/inductees/charles-hull

Everly, G.S., Jr., & Lating, J. M. (2017). The Johns Hopkins guide to psychological first aid. Johns Hopkins University Press.

National Geographic [@NatGeo]. (2020, April 12). Harpy eagles—the largest of all the eagles—may look like something from a fantasy

book, but in the wild [Thumbnail with link attached] [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/NatGeo/status/1249400149731934208?

s=20

Schwartz, J., Bind, M.-A., & Koutrakis, P. (2017). Estimating causal effects of local air pollution on daily deaths: Effect of low levels.

Environmental Health Perspectives, 125(1), 23–29. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP232

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2019). Substance misuse prevention for young adults (Publication No.

PEP19-PL-Guide-1). https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/d7/priv/pep19-pl-guide-1.pdf

Additional Resources
Citations: http://necc.mass.libguides.com/citation/APA
Formatting:
http://necc.mass.libguides.com/formatting/APA Updated 7/2021
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