INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS

ASSIGNMENT 2

Business Law

Lecturer: Dina Widyaputri Kariodimedjo, S.H., LL.M

Submitted by:

Class :A
Name : Ridha Herly Hendy
NIM : 21/477550/HK/22843
Word count : 341 Words

FACULTY OF LAW
UNIVERSITAS GADJAH MADA
INTERNATIONAL UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAM
CLASS A OF 2021
 Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) encompass a diverse array of legal protections that
play a pivotal role in safeguarding intellectual creations and innovations 1. This essay is aimed to
further explore the fundamental principles and distinctions among key branches of IPRs, namely
Copyright, Trademark, Patent, Trade Secret, Industrial Design, Layout Design and Integrated
Circuits, Plant Variety Protection, and Geographical Indication.

A. Similarities:
1. Exclusive Rights: IPRs grant exclusive rights to creators or inventors, allowing them to
control the use, reproduction, distribution, and licensing of their intellectual property,
safeguarding their creative or innovative investments2.
2. Limited Duration: The principle of finite exclusivity in intellectual property rights (IPRs)
is shared across all branches, allowing for a transition into the public domain after
protection expires, promoting broader dissemination and creativity.
3. Registration: IPRs like trademarks, patents, industrial designs, and layout designs require
formal registration with relevant bodies, providing enhanced protection and facilitating
enforcement mechanisms3.
4. International Protection: International agreements like the Berne Convention, Paris
Convention, and TRIPS Agreement establish baseline standards for protecting
copyrights, trademarks, and patents, bolstering global creators' rights4.

B. Differences:

1
“Penelusuran Data Kekayaan Intelektual.” Accessed September 29, 2023
http://www.dgip.go.id/
2
World Intellectual Property Organization. WIPO, Accessed September 29, 2023,
http://www.wipo.int/
3
“Penelusuran Data Kekayaan Intelektual.” Accessed September 29, 2023,
http://www.dgip.go.id/
4
World Intellectual Property Organization. WIPO, Accessed September 29, 2023,
http://www.wipo.int/
 1. Subject Matter: IPRs protect intellectual property like copyright, trademarks, patents,
trade secrets, and industrial designs, ranging from creative works to trademarks,
inventions, confidential information, and aesthetics5.
2. Registration vs. Automatic Protection: Trademarks, patents, industrial designs, and layout
designs require registration, copyrights offer automatic protection, and trade secrets
require confidentiality to maintain.
3. Duration: Copyrights and patents have varying durations, with copyrights lasting author's
lifetime plus 50-70 years, patents typically 20 years, and geographical indications and
plant variety protections have specific durations.
4. Public Disclosure: Patents require extensive public disclosure of inventions, while trade
secrets require strict confidentiality, with copyright and trademark registration details
accessible but protected works not.
5. Scope and Use: The functions of each IPR branch vary significantly, with trademarks
preventing market confusion, patents promoting innovation, and plant variety protection
promoting agricultural advancements.

Intellectual property rights (IPRs) are essential for incentivizing creativity and innovation
while balancing rights holders' and the public's interests 6. However, their differences depend on
the type of property, registration requirements, protection duration, public disclosure mandates,
and law objectives.

5
“Penelusuran Data Kekayaan Intelektual.” Accessed September 29, 2023,
http://www.dgip.go.id/
6
World Intellectual Property Organization. WIPO, Accessed September 29, 2023,
http://www.wipo.int/