ANSWERS TO PRACTISE NOW

Chapter 1 Practise Now 11

Practise Now 1 p = –7, q = 16; (2x + 3)(x – 1)(x – 2)2

1 1  1 1
1. x = 3, y = 1 or x = –5 , y = 5 ; (3, 1),  −5 2 , 5 4 
2 4
 1 1
2.  13 , − 6  , (4, 3) Practise Now 12
2 2
3. x = 3, y = 4 or x = 4, y = 3 1. (x – 2)(x – 3)(x + 7) 2. (2x – 1)(x + 2)(x + 3)

Practise Now 2 Practise Now 13

1 2
5 cm, 12 cm, 13 cm 1. –6, – , 1 2. –5, ,3
2 3

Practise Now 3 Practise Now 14

(i) 8x + 3x – 7x + 11, 3
3 2
(ii) 3x – 3x – 1, 2
2
1. –7.27, 0.27, 3 2. –7.65, 0.65, 2

Practise Now 4 Practise Now 15

(i) 5x5 – 15x4 + 32x3 – 9x2 + 21x – 18 1. 6x4 – 45x3 + 87x2 – 45x + 6

(ii) –100 2. –36 + 54x + 4x2 – 12x3 + 2x4

(iii) Degree of P(x) × Q(x) = Degree of P(x) + Degree of Q(x)

Practise Now 16

Practise Now 5 (a) (6p + 7q)(36p2 – 42pq2 + 49q4)

A = 3, B = 5, C = 7 (b) (1 – 2x)(37 + 20x + 4x2)

Practise Now 6 Practise Now 17

4
1. A = 3, B = 3, C = –5 2. A = 3, B = 12, C = 17
5

Practise Now 7 Practise Now 18

35 13 – 18x
1. (2x2 + 3x + 8)(2x – 3) – 2; –2 (a) 2x2 + 4x + 15 + (b) 2 + ( 3x – 1) ( x + 2 )
x–2
2. (x + 2)(x – 2)(4x + 3)
Practise Now 19
2 5
Practise Now 8 1. +
x – 3 2x + 5
(a) 3 (b) –480 2 4 5
2. (x – 1)(x + 4)(2x – 3), + –
31 x – 1 x + 4 2x – 3
(c) –
8

Practise Now 20
Practise Now 9 15 25 5 42
1. – + 2. –
2 ( 2x + 1) 2 ( 2x + 1)2 x + 2 ( x + 2 )2
1. –2 2. A = 7, B = –5

Practise Now 21
Practise Now 10 1 2 3
1. + +
1 x + 2 ( x + 2 )2 x – 11
k = –67 ; –125
2 15 11 5
2. (x + 2)(x – 2)2, – +
4 ( x + 2 ) 4 ( x – 2 ) ( x – 2 )2

NSAM 504 Answers to Practise Now

Practise Now 22a Practise Now 9
1 14x + 22 1 x 37 5
1. + 2. – (i) – (ii) –
(
3 ( x + 1) 3 x 2 + 5 ) 16x 16 x 2 + 4( ) 4 2

Practise Now 22b Practise Now 10

4 1 1 7
1. 3x + – 2. 3x – 2 + – (a) 3(x – 1)2 – 6; minimum y = –6, x = 1
x +1 x –1 x – 3 2x – 5
2
 4 26 26 4
(b) 5  x +  – ; minimum y = – , x = –
 5 5 5 5
Practise Now 23
1 2 1 2 025 077 5
2
25 25 5
(i) – + (ii) (c) −2  x −  + , maximum y = ,x=
n n +1 n + 2 4 050 156  4 8 8 4
2
 1 1
(d) – 4  x –  ; maximum y = 0, x =
 2 2

Chapter 2 2
(e) – 4  x – 1  + 4; maximum y = 4, x =
1
 2 2
Practise Now 1
2
1 25
 1 1
1. (i) (ii) (f) 3 x +  ; minimum y = 0, x = –
6 4
 3 3

7 91
(iii) (iv)
2 8 Practise Now 11
2
55  3 129 129 3
2. (i) 1 (ii) – 1. y = –2  x –  + ; maximum y = ,x=
28  4 8 8 4
83 177 2. a = –3, b = 1, c = 20; maximum f(x) = 20, x = 1
(iii) – (iv) 5
64 256

Practise Now 2 Practise Now 12

1. (i) 5x2 – 8x + 36 = 0  1 1
(a)  – , –6  , minimum point
 4 8
(ii) 45x2 + 74x + 45 = 0
 3 1
2. (i) 9x2 + 29x + 25 = 0 (b)  –1 , –6  , minimum point
 4 8
(ii) 5x2 – x + 3 = 0 1
(c)  3,  , minimum point
 2
(iii) 27x + 44x + 125 = 0
2

Practise Now 13
Practise Now 3 1 5 3
3
1. x<– or x > 2. – <x<1
1. 4 or – 2. 8 3 4 2
2 1
3. –2 < x <
3

Practise Now 5
Practise Now 14
1. –2 2. 10
13
1. k<– or k > 3 2. 1<a<8
9

Practise Now 6
3 9 Practise Now 15
1. p> 2. k>–
2 2 25
1. 2 2. k>
8

Practise Now 7
25 6 Practise Now 16
1. h> 2. p>
8 5 4
1. 3 2. p>
3

NSAM 505 Answers to Practise Now

Practise Now 17 Practise Now 7
1. k < –1 or k > 1 2. k < 4 or k > 8 1. (a) x4 + 8x3y + 24x2y2 + 32xy3 + 16y4

405 4 135 3 2 15 2 3 15 4 1 5
(b) 243a 5 – a b+ ab − a b + ab – b
2 2 4 16 32
Practise Now 18
80 2 160 3
19 19 2. 64 – 64x + x – x +…
1. –3 < k < 9; –3 or 9 2. k> ; 3 27
2 2
3. (a) 256x16 – 1024x13 + 1792x10 – 1792x7 + …
Practise Now 19 131 072 122 880 71 680
(b) 65 536 + + + +…
20 x x2 x3
(a) or –2 (b) ±3
3
(c) 0 or 4
Practise Now 8
1. 256 + 256x2 + 112x4 + 28x6 + …, 140
2. 32 – 144x – 240x2 – …
Chapter 3
3. (i) 1 + 15x + 90x2 + …
Practise Now 1 405 135 2
(ii) 243 – x+ x + … , 18 900
2 2
1 + 7b + 21b + 35b + 35b + 21b + 7b + b
2 3 4 5 6 7

(a) 1 – 7x + 21x2 – 35x3 + 35x4 – 21x5 + 7x6 – x7

Practise Now 9
(b) 1 + 14y + 84y2 + 280y3 + 560y4 + 672y5 + 448y6 + 128y7
1. 425
2. 1 + 16x + 120x2 + 560x3 + …, –9
Practise Now 2
(a) 1 + 10x + 45x2 + 120x3 + …
Practise Now 10
3
(b) 1 – 4x + 7x2 – 7x + … 11 941 020
(a) (b) 7920y4
x4

Practise Now 3
Practise Now 11
1. (a) 56 (b) 15
1. (i) 792x9 (ii) 495
(c) 105
2. 5
n ( n – 1)
2. (a) (b) n
2 3. 8736

Practise Now 4
Practise Now 12
9
1. 1.104 62 2. 1.1716

Practise Now 5
Practise Now 13
15
0.273

Practise Now 6
(a) 126 (b) 77 520
Chapter 4
Practise Now 1
3
(a) 5 (b) –
2
(c) ±1 (d) –2

NSAM 506 Answers to Practise Now

Practise Now 2 Practise Now 11

1. –2 (a) 3 = log10 1000 (b) x = log4 10

2. (i) u + 2u – 12 = 0
3
(iii) 0.631 (c) x = log10 80 (d) k = loga 2

Practise Now 3 Practise Now 12

1
1. x = 1, y = –1 1. (a) 8x = 5 (b) 37 = x
1
2. a = 2, k = 4, p = 128 (c) 4–2 = (d) ax = y
16
2. c = x – 4y

Practise Now 4
(a) 9 (b) 5 Practise Now 13
15
(c) 2 3 (d) (a) 0.477 (b) 0
2
(c) –3 (d) 5.09

Practise Now 5
(a) 11 3 (b) 2 5 Practise Now 14

(c) – 6 (a) 20.1 (b) 1

(c) 1.65 (d) 0.006 74

Practise Now 6
(a) 29 + 3 3 (b) 34 – 24 2 Practise Now 15a

(c) –11 (d) 86 + 48 3 (a) 366 (b) 6

(c) 1

Practise Now 7
1. (a) 4 3 (b) 8 – 2 5 Practise Now 15b
2 6+3 6 3 – 48 (a) 3 (b) 14
(c) (d)
3 11
2. 16 – 10 6
47 21 Practise Now 16a
3. h= ,k=
2 2
(a) 2 × 3, 6 (b) 20 × 20, 400
1 5
(c) 5 × , (d) mn
Practise Now 8 2 2

p = 2, q = 3
Practise Now 16b
(a) log2 21 (b) ln 10pq2
Practise Now 9
 19 6  (c) no further simplification (d) 1
1. − 3 cm
 11 11  2. (33 – 18 3 ) cm

Practise Now 17
Practise Now 10
1 (a) 1 (b) loga 36
(a) 2 (b)
2
(c) no further simplification
(c) 7

NSAM 507 Answers to Practise Now

Practise Now 18 Practise Now 26
(a) 4 (b) 4 (a) –0.604 (b) –0.146
1
(c) (d) 3 (c) 1.10 (d) 1.70
2

Practise Now 19 Practise Now 27

(a) log2 56 (b) ln 3e2 1. x = 5, y = 2
(c) log3 16.2 2. x = 3, y = 5

Practise Now 20 Practise Now 28

(a) 2.84 (b) 0.721 1. (ii) y = x – 3, 1 solution
(c) 0.195 (d) –0.732 2. (i) Graph A: y = 2ex, Graph B: y = e2x
(ii) (a) no solution
Practise Now 21 (b) –0.5 or 1.5
(a) 3 (b) 16
(c) 4 (d) 15 Practise Now 29
1 2 4 1
(e) (f) 1. (ii) y = – x, 1 solution 2. no solution
3 3 3 3

Practise Now 22 Practise Now

1. (a) 8.55 (b) –3.06 1. (i) 50.0 g (ii) 47.6%
(c) 0.313 (d) 1.10 (iii) 21.4 years
1 1– n
2. (a) – (b) 2. (i) 1.52, acidic (ii) 2.00 × 10–13
4n 3n
n+1 (iii) 0.301
(c) n – 1 (d)
2

Practise Now 30
Practise Now 23
(i) $50 000 (ii) $34 500
−3
(iii) 50 months

Practise Now 24
(a) 30 (b) –0.169 or 0.185
Chapter 5
Practise Now 1
Practise Now 25
1 (a) (i) (4, 3) (ii) (1, 1)
1. (a) 64 or (b) 168
64
3 (iii) (2, 5)
(c)
2 (b) x = 4, y = 3
2 4
2. (i) (ii)
3 3
1 5 Practise Now 2
(iii) (iv) –
2 3  1 11 
(i)  ,  (ii) (–1, 4)
2 2 
(iii) AC = 5 2 units, BD = 3 2 units

NSAM 508 Answers to Practise Now

Practise Now 3 Practise Now 4
 3 3
(a) 2 or 3 (b) –13 (a) (3, –4), 4 (b)  –1, ,
 4 4

Practise Now 4 Practise Now 5

1. –3 1. (3x − 2)2 + (3y − 5)2 = 185
1
2. (i) (3, 2) (ii) 12 2. (i) A(–1, 3), B(–3, –1) (ii) y=− x
2
(iii) 3 10 units (iii) 2

Practise Now 5 Practise Now 6

1. (a) y = 3x – 5 (b) y = –7x + 29 (i) A(4, 4), B(1, –2), C(2, 0) (ii) 3 5 units
2. y = 2x + 2 (iii) 2 : 1

Practise Now 6 Practise Now 7

(i) 2y = x + 15, y = −2x + 40 (ii) (13, 14) (i) A(4, 2), B(2, 0) (ii) y = –x + 4
(iii) 4 5 units

Practise Now 7 Chapter 7

5 27  27 
(i) y= x− (ii)  , 0 Practise Now 1
2 4 10 
43 There may be more than one method to do this.
(iii)  , 4 
 10  y y
(a) = ax + b; X = x, Y = , m = a, c = b
x x
(b) y – x3 = ax + b; X = x, Y = y – x3, m = a, c = b
Practise Now 8
3 (c) y x = ax + b; X = x, Y = y x , m = a, c = b
1. units2 2. 23 units2
2
x x
(d) y = ax2 + b; X = x2, Y = y , m = a, c = b
Practise Now 9 (e) y=
ky y
+ h; X = , Y = y, m = k, c = h
x x
53 units2
1 q 1 1 1 q 1
(f) = + ; X = ,Y = , m = ,c =
y px p x y p p

Practise Now 2
Chapter 6
There may be more than one method to do this.
Practise Now 1
(a) ln y = qx + ln p; X = x, Y = ln y, m = q, c = ln p
(a) (0, 0), 9 (b) (–4, 6), 10
(b) lg y = –n lg x + lg a; X = lg x, Y = lg y, m = –n, c = lg a
 1
(c)  0, – , 4
 3 (c) lg y = –x lg b + lg a; X = x, Y = lg y, m = –lg b, c = lg a
q 1 q 1
(d) lg y = − lg x + , X = lg x, Y = lg y, m = – , c =
Practise Now 2 p p p p
(e) lg (y – x3) = x lg a – h lg a; X = x, Y = lg (y – x3), m = lg a,
(a) (x + 1)2 + (y – 3)2 = 16 (b) (x – 4)2 + (y + 2)2 = 49
c = –h lg a
2 lg h 2 lg h
(f) lg y = lg x + , X = lg x, Y = lg y, m = , c =
Practise Now 3 n n n n

1. (x – 1)2 + (y – 2)2 = 10 2. (x + 3)2 + (y – 5)2 = 25

NSAM 509 Answers to Practise Now

Practise Now 3 Practise Now 7
1 a
1. (i) a = 3, b = 5 (ii) (a) – 1 – a 2 (b)
2 1 − a2
1
2. (i) k = 1000, n = – (ii) 100
2
(c) –a (d) 1 – a2

Practise Now 4 a
(e) (f) 1 – a2
1 − a2
(i) a ≈ –2.4, b ≈ −7.4 (ii) 7.6
(iii) 2.65 Practise Now 8
(a) –sin 80°, cos 80°, –tan 80°
Practise Now 5 (b) –sin 80°, –cos 80°, tan 80°
(ii) a ≈ 1.9, n ≈ 0.5 (c) sin 75°, –cos 75°, –tan 75°
cosθ n (d) sin 60°, cos 60°, tan 60°
(iii) (a) T = 2π g
L (b) 30.6°

Practise Now 9
1
Chapter 8 (i) 2 amperes, minute (ii) 2 amperes, −2 amperes
2
Practise Now 1
2 3 2 +2 Practise Now 10
(a) (b) –
3 4
(i) 5, –1 (ii) 3, 2π, –1 < y < 5
3 2
(c)
8
Practise Now 11
Practise Now 2 (i) 360°
(a) 70° (b) 20°
π π
(c) (d) Practise Now 12
3 5
(i) a = 4, b = 2 (ii) 4, 360°
Practise Now 3
7π
(a) 325° (b) Practise Now 13
4
10π (a) 4 (b) 4
(c) –495° (d) −
3
(c) 2

Practise Now 4
3 1 Practise Now 14
(a) (b) –
3 2
(i) 35 m (ii) 5 m
2
(c) – (d) – 3
2
Practise Now 15
Practise Now 5 1. 0≤y≤1 2. 0≤y≤2
4 3 5 12
1. – , – 2. – ,
5 4 13 13
Practise Now 16
Practise Now 6 1. 5 2. 3
3 3
(a) – (b)
5 4
10 3 10
(c) – (d) −
10 10

NSAM 510 Answers to Practise Now

Practise Now 17 Practise Now 7
1. 4 2. 2 1. (i) –
56
(ii)
63
65 65
56
(iii) –
Practise Now 18 33
3 3 5
1. (i) (ii) 24 7
2 5 2. (i) – (ii)
7 25
5
(iii) (iii) 0
2
5 5
2. (i) – (ii)
3 4
Practise Now 8
3
(iii) – p+q 1 + pq
4 (i) (ii)
(1 + p ) (1 + q )
2 2
(1 + p ) (1 + q )
2 2

p+q
Practise Now 19 (iii) 1 – pq
1. 144.1°, 215.9° 2. 25.5°, 154.5°

Practise Now 9
Practise Now 20 5 3
1. (i) (ii)
8 8
1. 1.89, –1.25 2. 2.42
5
(iii)
3

Practise Now 21 1
2. tan A tan B =
7
1. (a) 97.4°, 132.6° (b) 6.13
2. 60°, 120°, 240°, 300° Practise Now 10
7 120
1. (i) (ii) –
25 169
Practise Now 22 (iii) 5
π 3π
1. 90°, 150°, 270°, 330° 2. 0, , π, , 2π 84 5
2 2 2. (i) (ii) –
85 5

Practise Now 23
Practise Now 11
π 5π
1. 30°, 90°, 150°, 270° 2. 0, , π, , 2π 4 10
4 4 1. (i) – (ii)
5 10

13 10
(iii) –
50
Chapter 9
1 120
2. (i) (ii)
Practise Now 1 5 169

1. 0.723, 5.56 2. 2.30, π, 3.98

Practise Now 12
(i) 2a 1 – a 2 (ii) 1 – 8a2 + 8a4
Practise Now 2
1. 37.8°, 142.2°, 217.8°, 322.2° 1 + 1 – a2
(iii)
2
π 2π 4 π 5π
2. , , ,
3 3 3 3

Practise Now 6
6+ 2 2
(a) (b)
4 2
3
(c)
3

NSAM 511 Answers to Practise Now

Practise Now 13 Practise Now 4
1. (a) 48.6°, 90°, 131.4°, 270° 1. a = 8, b = 3 2. a = 5, b = –6
(b) 0°, 48.6°, 131.4°, 180°, 360°
2. (a) 1.99, 4.30 Practise Now 5
π 5π 7π 11π 4 ( 2x + 3)
(b) 0, , , π, , , 2π 1. (a) 84x2(4x3 – 1)6 (b)
6 6 6 6 x 2 + 3x – 4
360x 3
(c)
(2 – 5x )
4
4
Practise Now 17
1. 97 sin (θ + 66.03°); 104.6°, 303.3° 2. 18
2. 74 cos (θ + 0.9505); 0.410, 3.97

Practise Now 6
Practise Now 18 15 – 16v – 25v 2
1. (a) 8(7x – 1)(2x + 7)5 (b)
2 5v + 4
113 sin (θ – 41.19°); 113 , 131.2°; – 113 , 311.2° 3(a + bx 2 )
2. (a)
(a − bx 2 )2

Practise Now 19 (b) 2(5ax – 3x3)3(10a3 – 18a2x2 – 15ax2 + 21x4)

(ii) 193 cos (θ – 30.26°) (iii) 193 , 30.3°

Practise Now 7
2 5 16
1. ,− ,−
3 2 33
Chapter 10 3 15
2. , − 5, −
2 16
Practise Now 3
2. (ii) ADR (iii) QCP
Practise Now 8
6 7
1. (a) − (b) −
(4x − 3)2 (3x − 7)2
Practise Now 6
1. 24° 6x3 + 6x2 + 6 8x – 16
2. (a) (b)
(3x + 1)3 3 ( 2x – 5 ) 3
4
2. (i) 52° (ii) 36°
–6x 2 – 3x – 14
(c)
( 3x )
3
1 + 4x 2
–7

Chapter 11 35
3.
3757
Practise Now 1
1 1
(a) – (b)
x2 33 x2 Practise Now 9
2 − 2x 2 5 + 4x – x 2
1. , x < –1 2. ,2<x<5
(x )
2
(x )
2
Practise Now 2
2
+1
2
+5

4 3 1
1. (a) – +a (b) – +
3x 4 x2 33 x2
4 3 Practise Now 10
2. – +
3
t2 2 t
1. y = 3x – 6, 3y + x = −8
2. 4y + 6x = 55, 6y − 4x = 63
Practise Now 3
1 3. 9y = 5x − 13, 15y + 27x = 49
1. 28 2.
6

NSAM 512 Answers to Practise Now

Practise Now 11 Practise Now 8
1. (i) (2, –6) (ii) y = x – 8 –31.4, x = 1.6
(iii) (1, –5)
3  2   1 
2. y = – x + 2, A  2 , 0  , B ( 0, 2 );  1 , 1 ; No Practise Now 9
4  3   3 
7 – 2r 1
θ= , 3 cm
2

r 16
Practise Now 12
1. 4 2. 33.5 Practise Now 10
(iii) r = 2.8, minimum, A = 65.1 cm2
Practise Now 13
(i) 9.6π cm2/s (ii) 57.6π cm3/s Practise Now 11
5 m × 5 m × 10 m
Practise Now 14
1
(i) cm/s (ii) 5 cm2/s Practise Now 12
32π
+ (14 – 3t ) , t = 5.2, 2 m
2 2
(22 – 4t )

Chapter 12
Practise Now 1 Chapter 13
2
1. (i) 15x – 6x, 30x – 6
2
(ii) x> Practise Now 1
5
1
2. – ,1 1. (a) 3 sec2 x – 2 cos x (b) 3x4(5 sin x + x cos x)
3
10 cos x + 2(5x + 1) sin x
(c) −
Practise Now 2
( 5x + 1)2
3 – 3x 2
, x < −1 or x > 1 (d) 6(3x + 5 cos x)5(3 – 5 sin x)
(x )
2
2
+1
2. a = 1, b = –1

Practise Now 3
0<x<2 Practise Now 2
 
1. (a) –10 sin  2x + 
 4
Practise Now 4
   
(b) 12x sec 2  3x – π  + 4 tan  3x – π 
(3, –22), minimum point; (–1, 10), maximum point  3  3

10 sin 4x cos 5x – 8 sin 5x cos 4x

(c)
sin 2 4x
Practise Now 5
3 27 
(0, 0), point of inflexion;  , –  , minimum point
2. sec πx (πx tan πx + 1)
4 256 

Practise Now 6 Practise Now 3

(2, –14), minimum point; (–1, 13), maximum point (a) 10 sin4 x cos x – 20 tan  2x +  sec
sec22 2x
 π
 2x++   sec  2x + 
2  π   
 23   223   2

π   π   
Practise Now 7 (b) 36 cos2  – 4x  sin
sin  – –4x4x
  sin  – 4x 
 23   2 23  2 
3 11 
(3, 1), point of inflexion;  ,–16  , minimum point
4 128 

NSAM 513 Answers to Practise Now

Practise Now 4 Chapter 14
1. 0.207 2. –3 Practise Now 1
1 4 2 3
(a) x + c (b) x +c
4 3
Practise Now 5
5
1. (a) (b) 4 cot 4x Practise Now 2
5x + 2
2
3x 2 + 2 5x 4 1. (a) – +c (b) 3x + c
(c) (d) 9x 2
(
3 x 3 + 2x ) ( )
x + 4 ln 7
5

1 2
1 x (c) ax + c
(e) – 2
x x2 + 2
2. 93 t2 + c

15x 2 + 2
2.
5x 3 + 2x
Practise Now 3
21 2 5 3
1. (a) x 3 – x +c (b) u +4 u+c
Practise Now 6 2 3

1. 2.64 2. 0.198 x 3 3x 9
(c) + − +c
12 4 16x

4 3 3 2 5
Practise Now 7 2. y= x – x + 2x –
3 2 6
(a) 15e5x (b) –4e5 – 2x

2 – 5x
(c) (6x – 5)e3x Practise Now 4
5
(d) 2e5 + 2x(cos 2x – sin 2x) 12 3 1 2
R= x + x , +$740
2x 000
5 2
e2 + 5x
( 5x – 1)
(e)
3x 2
Practise Now 5
1 4
(a) (b)
12
Practise Now 8 (5x + 4 ) + c 3x + 5 + c
60 3
96 4
(c) – 3
+c
3 ( 4x – 7 )

Practise Now 9 Practise Now 6

π 3 1 13π 3 5 3 1 1
1. y  =  3x  +  +  , y  = – x +  +  (a) – cos 4x + sin x + c (b) tan 3x – x + c
12 2 3 36 2 4 2 2 3
2. 5 3. (1, 1), y = –2x + 3 3 2 2
(c) x + tan 6x + c
2 21

Practise Now 10
Practise Now 7
23 22
1. (i) ( 3x – 4 ) (2x + 5) (ii) 1 units/s 2 3 1
23 1. (a) x + sin (5x + 3) + c
3 5
3 1
2. units/s (b) 2x – cos (3x + π) + c
5 3
3. 3(1 – 2x)e–2x – 15e–3x, –10.0 units/s
1  π
(c) tan  2x +  − x + c
2  23 

Practise Now 11 x2
2. y= + cos 2x − 1
 1 3 4
1. 3 + 3 ln x,  , –  2. 1.02, maximum
e e

Practise Now 12
1.13, maximum

NSAM 514 Answers to Practise Now

Practise Now 8 Chapter 15
1 1
(a) ln x + c (b) ln (5x + 3) + c Practise Now 1
4 5
1
(c)
3
ln (7x + 1) + c (d) –
5
ln (6 – 9x) + c
(a) 17 (b) 10
3
7 9
77
(c) 1
81
Practise Now 9
1 2x + π 1 3 – 4x
1. (a) e +c (b) – e +c Practise Now 2
2 4
1 (a) 78 (b) 37.8
(c) x– +c
3e 3x
5 2
2 2 3 – x
2. y= x − 2 x + e 3 – 1, –1.83 Practise Now 3
5 2
3 2
(a) (b) +2–
2 6 2
Practise Now 10
2θ + 2 sin θ + c Practise Now 4
(a) 2.92 (b) 16.6

Practise Now 11
3 3 7
– , – ln +c Practise Now 5
6x + 1 7 6x + 1
1. (a) 19.09 (b) 20.09

Practise Now 12 2. 1.108

1 2x
1. x 4 + 3x 2 + c 2. +c
2 1 – x2
Practise Now 6

Practise Now 13 (a) −10 (b) 8

2 3 3
1. + , 2 ln (x – 1) + ln (2x + 3) + c
x − 1 2x + 3 2
Practise Now 7
6x − 1 1 1 15 1
2. , ln (3x – 2) – +c – , 6.85
( 3x − 2 )2 3 2(3x – 2) 2x + 3 x + 1

Practise Now 14 Practise Now 8

5 12
1. –2ex sin x, – ex(cos x – sin x) + c 1. 13.76 2.
2 13
2
2. (i) –2te–t
3 2 3 Practise Now 9
(ii) P(t) = – e – t + 20 000 +
2 2e 4
1. 2 2. 3 +1

Practise Now 10
2
1. 4xe2x, 164.79 2. 4xe2x , 22.3

NSAM 515 Answers to Practise Now

Practise Now 11 Chapter 16
1. 1 + ln x, 2.55 2. 5x + 15x ln x, 48.99
2 2
Practise Now 1
(i) 36 m s–1 (ii) 42 m s–2
Practise Now 12 (iii) 1 or 1.5 (iv) 8.5 m
1. 51 units 2
2. ( 2 – 1) units 2
(v) 8 m

Practise Now 13 Practise Now 2

1. 30.8 units2 2. 6.904 units2 (i) 6.53 cm (ii) 7 cm s–1
(iii) –14.8 cm s–2
Practise Now 14
1
1. 8 units2 2. 4 units2 Practise Now 3
2
(i) 40 m (ii) 10 m s–1, –10 m s–1
Practise Now 15 (iii) 0.764, 5.24
1
4 units2
2
Practise Now 4
Practise Now 16 (i) 0.405 s (ii) 58.8 m
16

Practise Now 5
4 3
Practise Now 17 (i) s = t – t2 + 2t (ii) 33 m
3
1
1. 1 units
2
(iii) 264 m
3
2. (i) P(0, 17), Q ( 8.5, 0 ), R(3, 11)
1
(ii) 45 units2 Practise Now 6
4
181 (i) 5.31 m, 5.20 m s–2 (ii) s
(iii) 3
108
(iii) 5.27 m s –2

Practise Now 18
1 Practise Now 7
(i) (1, 1) (ii) 1 units2
6
(i) 3.38 m s–2 (ii) 17.9 m

Practise Now 8
(i) v = 2t2 – 16t + 30 (iii) 36 cm
2
(iv) 36 cm (v) 2 cm
3

NSAM 516 Answers to Practise Now

 ANSWERS TO EXERCISES
Exercise 1A 9. A = 3, B = –1, C = 6
10. a = –3, b = –3, c = 3
1 1
1. (a) (2, 1) (b) (1, 1) or  2 ,– 
 3 3 Exercise 1C
2 1
(c) (–1, 1) or (5, –3) (d) (3, 5) or  5 ,–2 
 5 5 1. (a) 6 (b) –20
 1 5 1 2 3
(e) 2 ,– (f) (1, 3) or  1 ,1  (c) –38 (d) –8
 6 6   3 3 4
 1  1
(g) (2, 3) or  –8 ,10  (e) 51 (f) 5
2 4
 2 10  1
(h) (9, 1) or  –2 ,–  2. (a) (b) 4
17 17 2
 3 1 (c) –5 (d) –8
2. (a) (3, 4) or  , 
7 7 1 1
3. k = –17 4. h = –1 , k = – 4
 1 1  4 6 2 2
(b)  ,  or  , 
2 3 13 13 5. k = 0, 4 or – 4 6. p = 3, q = –8
3. 9 1 1
4. 7 cm, 12 cm 7. p = –5 , q = –1 8. –7
2 2
1 1  1 1 k–b
5. x + y = 3, xy = 1.25,  , 2  or  2 ,  9. p = –8, q = 8 10. p =
2 2 2 2 h–a
1 1
6. a=2 , b = – or a = –2, b = 2
4 8 Exercise 1D
3 1
7. 2 ,1 1
4 4 1. (a) 15 (b) 4
2
 4 1
8. (7, –2),  –3 , 5  7
5 5 (c) –16 (d) –5
8
(e) 1 or 2 (f) 11
Exercise 1B
1
2. k = 3; 4 3. 1 or –15
1. (a) x + 8x – 4x + 9
3 2
(b) 3x – 7x + 6x + 16 3 2 2
(c) x3 – x2 + 10x + 6 (d) 3x4 – 3x3 + 6x2 – x + 2 1
4. p = –6, q = 4 5. p = –1, q = 2
2
2. (a) 2x + 4x – 6
2
(b) –2x3 – 2x2 + 15x
6. h = –16, k = 12; (x – 2)(x – 1)(x + 6)
(c) x – 4x – 5x + 20
3 2

7. k = 2, (2x + 1), (x + 4)
(d) x5 – 7x4 + 5x3 – 3x2 + 14x – 7
8. p = 10, q = –90,
3. (a) 14x2 + 13x – 12
(x – 3)(x + 1)(x + 3)(x + 9)
(b) 30x2 + 37x – 7
9. a = 7, b = 24, c = 9
(c) 4x3 – 27x + 5
10. p = –5, q = –6, (x – 1), (x – 2)
(d) 2x3 + 7x2y + xy + 3xy2 + 3y2
(e) 9x3 + 9x2y – 7xy2 + 5y3
Exercise 1E
4. (a) 9x2 + 15x – 40
(b) 7x2 – 6x – 15 1. (a) (x – 1)(x + 1)(x – 5)
(c) 7x3 – 17x2 + 7x – 1 (b) (2x – 3)(x – 2)(x + 4)
(d) –x3 – 9x2y + 11xy2 – 2y3 (c) (x – 2)(x – 5)(2x + 3)
(e) 5x4 – 11x3 – 10x2 + 20x + 33 (d) (x – 2)(x – 3)(x – 4)
5. (a) 5x + 12, 4 (b) 4x + 21, 13 (e) (x – 2)(x + 3)(2x – 1)
(c) 3x2 – 3x + 7, –12 (d) x2 + 4x – 16, 48 (f) (x – 3)(x – 5)(x + 2)
(e) 5x + x – 7, 15
2
(f) 3x2 + x + 1, 4 (g) (2x – 1)(2x + 1)(3x – 2)
(g) 6x + 3x + 2, –1
2
(h) 3x2 + 9x + 27, 74 2. (a) (x – 2)(x2 + 2x + 4)
(i) x + 2, –2x + 5 (j) 2x – 1, 3x + 5 (b) (5x – 4y)(25x2 + 20xy + 16y2)
(k) 5x2 + 25x + 112, 492x – 340 (c) (3x2 + 2y3)(9x4 – 6x2y3 + 4y6)
 1 13 3  99 (d) (7a + 6x2)(49a2 – 42ax2 + 36x4)
6. (2 x − 1)  − x 2 + x − −
 2 4 8 8 (e) (10 – 3x)(9x2 – 6x + 28)
7. (a) A = 3, B = –2 (b) A = 7, B = –3 3. (a) 1, –1 or –2 (b) 2, 3 or –2
(c) A = 5, B=6
3 1
8. (a) A = 4, B = –5, C = 0 (c) 2, or –3 (d) , –2 or 7
4 3
(b) A = 2, B = –3, C = 14 1
(c) A = 3, B = 2, C = 6 or A = 2, B = 3, C = 6 (e) , 2 or 3
5
(d) A = 2, B = –3, C = 5

NSAM 517 Answers to Exercises

 2 3
4. (a) 2, 7.41 or –0.41 (b) 3, 4.79 or 0.21 4. (a) 2 + –
1 x–2 x–3
(c) 4, 5.24 or 0.76 (d) , 3.19 or –2.19 2 5
2 (b) 2x + 1 + –
1 1 x +1 x–4
(e) – , 7.32 or 0.68 (f) , 2.78 or 0.72
3 2 23 14 11
(c) 4 + – +
1 9 ( x + 2) 9 ( x – 1) 3( x – 1)2
(g) 1, 2, –2 or –3 (h) , 2, 3 or 4 185 223x + 30
2 (d) 3x + 2 + –
5. f (x) = 3x – 27x + 24x + 156x – 48
4 3 2 29 ( 2 x – 3) 29 ( x 2 + 5 )
5 19
6. f (x) = –3 + 16x + 31x2 – 24x3 + 4x4 5. a = 2, b = 5, c = , d =
2 2
7. 10 cm, 12 cm x – 27 3 4
8. n = 2, k = 81; (x2 + 9)(x + 3)(x – 3) 6. 3x – 2 + ; 3x –2+ –
6 x 2 – x – 15 2x + 3 3x – 5
9. n = 2; (x – 1)(x + 1)(x – 2)(x + 2) 1 2 3
10. a=1 7. (x + 5)(x – 5)(2x + 3); + –
x+5 x–5 2x + 3
11. (ii) y = 0.05x3 − 0.55x2 + 2x + 57.6 2 6 7
8. (2x – 1)(4x + 3)(x – 3); + –
(iii) 88.8 m3 x–3 4x + 3 2x – 1
9. (i) h = –2, k = 12, f (x) = (x2 + 4)(3x – 2)
Exercise 1F 4 x + 24 6 2x
(ii) = – 2
f( x ) 3x – 2 x +4
7 5x + 3
1. (a) 4 + (b) 5x + 10. (i)
10
–
10
(ii) 15 –
10
–
10
2x – 1 3x 2 – 1 n n+2 n+1 n+2
46
(c) 7 –
2x2 + 7 Review Exercise 1
68 x + 33 7x – 4
2. (a) 15 + 2 (b) 2x – 1 +
x – 5x – 2 (2 x – 3)( x + 1) 2 1
1. (a) x = –1, y = 3 or x = , y = 2
3x – 3 3 6
(c) 3x – 1 + 2
x –9 5 17
x – 78
(b) x = 6, y = 6 or x = 1 ,  y = – 1
3. 5x + 13 + 2 19 19
x – 2x + 5 1 1
4. a = 3, b = 1, c = –15, d = –18 (c) x = 8, y = 2 or x = – 2 ,  y = – 8
2 2
5. a = 2, b = 4, c = −3, d = −4 1 1 1 1
(d) x = , y = or x = – , y = –
6. a = 6, b = 7, c = 3, d = –17 6 4 4 6
7. a = 3, b = 4, c = 1, d = –1 2. (3, –1), (6, 3)
8. a = 3, b = –1, c = –7, d = –14 3. (a) A = 4, B = 7, C = –5
(b) A = 7, B = –28, C = 6
Exercise 1G (c) A = 2, B = –5, C = 10
(d) A = 4, B = –13, C = –8
3 4 2 3 4. (a) –5 (b) 61
1. (a) + (b) +
x x+2 3x x –1
(c) –9 (d) 10
2 5 7 6 (e) 3 (f) 1 or 5
(c) + (d) –
x+3 x–2 x –1 3x + 1
5. (a) (x + 1)(2x – 3)(x – 3)
1 1 1 1
2. (a) + (b) – (b) (x – 3)2(x + 4)
x –1 ( x – 1)2 x+4 ( x + 4 )2
(c) (2x + 1)(x + 4)(3x – 4)
2 3 4
(c) + + (d) (2x – 1)(2x + 5)(3x + 1)
x x –1 ( x – 1)2
7
(e) (2x2 – 7)(4x4 + 14x2 + 49)
3 5
(d) + – (f) (3a + 4y2)(9a2 – 12ay2 + 16y4)
x x+2 ( x + 2 )2
14
(g) 2(4 – x)(28x2 – 26x + 19)
2 2
(e) – – (h) 2(2x + 3)(7x2 + 24x + 21)
x +1 x–2 ( x – 2 )2
1 1 2 1
(f)
5
–
1
+ 6. (a) 2, 2 , –3 (b) , –2, –
2x + 3 3x – 1 ( 3x – 1)2 2 3 2
1 1 1
3. (a)
5
+ 2
3
(b)
2
+ 2
3x – 2 (c) 1 , –2, 4 (d) 2, 4, – ,–
x +1 2 4 2
x x +4 x +3
1
(c)
27
+ 9 –2 11x (d)
2
–
4x + 5 (e) 2, 5.16, –1.16 (f) , 0.48, 14.52
3x – 2 2
8( x + 3) 8( x + 7 ) 2x2 + 9
1 1
(g) , 8.14, 0.86 (h) , 1.36, –2.69
4 2
7. a = 4; 6
8. p = 1, q = –4, (3x + 1), (x + 1)

NSAM 518 Answers to Exercises

 1 1
9. p = – 4, q = –4, r = 4 13. k = , h = –75 or k = – , h = –87
3 3
10. p = – 4, q = –14,
9 2
(x + 1)(2x – 3)(2x + 1)(2x – 1) 16. h = 16 – k
4
11. k = 1, A = 17; (x + 5)(x – 1)(x – 3)
1
2 24 17. (i) 2, (ii) p = – 6, q = 3
12. (a) + 3
5(2 x – 1) 5( x + 2 )
18. p = –11, q = 18 19. h = –102, k = 95
1 3 13
(b) + + 20. (i) h = 6a (ii) a = 1, 2 or −3
3– x 2(2 x – 1) 2(2 x – 1)2
x+2 2 Exercise 2B
(c) –
x2 + 1 2x + 1
5 2 5 1. (a) no real roots (b) no real roots
(d) + + (c) real and equal (d) real and distinct
2x + 3 x –1 ( x – 1)2
2 1 (e) real and distinct (f) no real roots
(e) 1 + + (g) real and distinct (h) real and distinct
x–3 x+4
1 9 7 2. ±6 3. 1 or 8
(f) – +
4x 8( x + 2 ) 8( x – 2 ) 1 2
4. k < 0 5. or –3
13. a = 1, b = –3, c = 2 2 7
14. a = 1, b = –1, c = –3 6. a > 0 7. k> 4
1
12
Chapter 1 — Challenge Yourself 1 49
3 8. p<6 9. k < –2
1. −2, −1 or 4 60
2 2 1
1 2 10. k  1 11. p < –3
2. + 5 3
x−2 x+3
Exercise 2C
Exercise 2A
2 1
1. (a) – 4, min, (b) 2, max,
5 7 5 5 2
1. (a) – , – (b) ,1 1 1
3 3 2 (c) –2, max, –2 (d) –3, min, –1
5 7 2 3
(c) 0, – (d) – , 0 1
2 3 2. (a) min (–3, –16)

(b) min  –1 ,–16 

2
2 1
(e) , (f) 3, –7  1
 1  1 1
k k (c) min  1 ,–12  (d) max  – , 6 
2 4 2 4
7
(g) 2, –5 (h) –1, – 3 9  1 1
2 (e) max  ,  (f) min  1 ,–5 
8 16 3 3
3
(i) ,1 (j) –1, –4 1 1
2 3. (a) 5, min, 1 (b) – 4 , min, 1
2. 2x – 11x + 18 = 0
2 8 4
3. (i) x2 + 5x – 14 = 0 (ii) 7x2 – 5x – 2 = 0 11 1
(c) 4 , min, –1 (d) 3, max, 2
(iii) 4x2 – 53x + 49 = 0 (iv) 8x2 + 335x − 343 = 0 12 6
7 (e) 16, max, –1
4. (i) 4 (ii) 5
9
2 1 3
(iii) 13 (iv) 8 4. p=2 ,q=6
3 2 4
40 3 1
(v) 32 (i) 6 (ii) 2
81 4 2
2
5. 9x2 + 22x + 9 = 0 6. – 6 or –14  3 3 3
5. y = 4  x –  + 11 ; 11
4 4 4
3
7. (i) (ii) ±12 2
4 6.
3
3 3
8. a= , k = –18 or a = – , k = 18 7. y = 2(x + 1)2 + 15; 15, –1
4 4 2
1  1 1 1
9. h=
12
,k=4 8. y = 16 –  x + 1  ; 16 , –1
4 2 4 2
13
10. (i) 14 (ii) 3x2 – 42x – 13 = 0 9. 3 m, 2 m
11. (a) 7 (b) 1
12. a = 2, k = 10

NSAM 519 Answers to Exercises

Exercise 2D 4. (a) ±2 or ± 2 (b) 3
1 1
1. (a) x > 3 or x < –2 (b) –7 < x < 4 (c) 1 or 2 (d) or 3
2 2
2 5 1
(c) x  or x < – (d) x  or x < – 4 (e) –1
2
or
4
3 4 2 3 5
(e) 2 < x < 5 (f) x < 6 or x > 7 5. (a) 15 + 2p (b) 23 + 3p
9 7 (c) 16e – 27
(g) x < – or x > 6 (h) x < – 4 or x >
2 2 6. (a) x = 2, y = 5 or x = –3, y = 0 or x = 0, y = 3
2 (b) x = 0, y = 3 or x = 12, y = –3
(i) – <x<1 (j) x > 1 or x < –3
5
(c) x = –3, y = 10 or x = 3.5, y = 16.5
5 3
(k) all real values of x (l) – <x<
3 2
Review Exercise 2
9
2. k < –1
16 1. (a) 2x2 – 9x – 36 = 0 (b) 2x2 – 15x + 23 = 0
1 (c) x2 – 9x + 10 = 0 (d) 4x2 + 9x – 18 = 0
3. (a) x  2 or x < 1 (b) x > 1 or x < –2
5 (e) 2x2 – 9x + 5 = 0
1 1 2. (a) x2 + 5x + 6 = 0 (b) 2x2 + 15x + 28 = 0
(c) –1 <x<1 (d) x > 2 or x < –1
2 2 (c) 9x2 – 13x + 4 = 0 (d) 6x2 + 5x + 1 = 0
1 1 1 (e) 4x2 – 13x + 9 = 0
4. –4 <x<8 5. x<1 or x  2
2 6 6
3. a= –10, c = –15
6. –2 < x < 2 or 3 < x < 7
4. (ii) x2 + 140x – 1 = 0
7. 4 < x < 6 or 1 < x < 2
2
8. k  8 or k < 1 6. 2 or – 7. 12
3
4 4
9. k > 3 or k < –1 ; 3 or –1 8. k > 0 9. –3 < a <
3
9 9 4
1 10. (a) 4 < x < 6 (b) 9
10. a > 11. 2
4
11. (i) 4 or 12 (ii) m > 3
12. –3
12. 3 or –5; (–1, 0), (3, 0)
13. 1.5 years 1 1
13. (a) 1 < x < 4 (b) – <k<1
2 2
14. 3 < k < 7
13
2 1 14. k < − or k > 3
15. –1 <x<3 9
3 2
15. 13 16. 2 < k < 4
2 17. a > mc 18. q2 < 12q – 8
16. x > 1 or x < –2
3
19. 25b2 + 4a < 0
17. a > 0 and b2 – 4ac < 0 1 6
21. (a) 22 or – 4 (b) 1 or –
7 11
Exercise 2E
Chapter 2 — Challenge Yourself
1. ±3 2. k<5
3. k < 0 4. k > –4 1. 0 or 3
5. k > 9 6. ±3 2. a = b and c = 0
7. 0 or 10 8. k < – 6 or k > 6 3. –6 < a < 2
1
9. p>1
4 4. – ≤k≤1
5 3
12. (a + b)2 < 2(b − c) 3 3
5. x < – 1 or <x<
5 2
6. a 2 = |a|
Exercise 2F
7. x = 4, y = 5
1. (a) 22 or –12 (b) 13 or – 6 8. x = ±3, line of symmetry is x = 0.
2
(c) 4 or
3 Revision Exercise A1
2 1 1
2. (a) 13 or –13 (b) 12 or –5  6 1
3 2 2 1. (3, –1),  – 4 , 2  2. A = 7, B = 24, C = 9
7 7
1
(c) 1 or (d) 3 3. a = 2, b = 3 4. x = 2, 0.14 or –2.47
2
3 5 5 6
3 2 2 1 5. (a) + (b) –
3. (a) –2 or –7 (b) –3 or –1 x–3 x–4 x+3 ( x + 3)2
7 3 5 8
1
6. 10x2 – 28x + 25 = 0
(c) 8 or –2 (d)
8

NSAM 520 Answers to Exercises

7. y = 2(x – 2)2 – 13, least y = –13, x = 2 Exercise 3B
8. k > 2 or k < – 6 9. –1 < k < 3
1. (a) 32x5 + 80x4y + 80x3y2 + 40x2y3 + 10xy4 + y5
Revision Exercise A2 15 4 3 1 6
(b) 64 + 96x + 60x2 + 20x3 + x + x5 + x
4 8 64
2 1
1. x = 2, y = 3 or x = – 4 ,y=– a5 15 a 4 45 a 3 135 a 2 405 a 243
5 5 (c) – + – + – 5
32 16b 4b2 2b 3 2b 4 b
2. A = 3, B = –5, C = –3 55 x 6

3. a = 3, b = 3; R = 6 2. (a) 29 120x12y4 (b)

128 y 3
4. a = 9, (x + 3)(x – 3)(x – 1) (c) 210x y
2

5 3x 1 7 3. (a) 448 (b) 81 081

5. (a) + 2 (b) 2 + +
x–2 x +3 x x–4
(c) 448 (d) – 448
4 2
6. 1 , ; 25x2 – 180x + 283 = 0 1
5 5 4. (a) 240 (b) 10
2
7. –2 < k < 6 8. q<3
4
9. ± 140 5. 5 : 6 6. ±
3
1
7. 2
Exercise 3A 2
8. (a) 16 – 32x + 24x2 – 8x3 + x4
1. (a) 1 + 6x + 15x + 20x + 15x + 6x + x
2 3 4 5 6
(b) 1 + 10x + 40x2 + 80x3 + 80x4 + 32x5; 232
(b) 1 − 5x + 10x2 − 10x3 + 5x4 − x5 9. (a) 64 + 96x + 60x2 +...
(c) 1 + 12x + 54x2 − 108x3 + 81x4 (b) 729 – 2916x + 4860x2 +...; 74 844
(d) 1 − 6x + 12x2 − 8x3 10. 256x8 – 768x6 + 1008x4; 1520
2. (a) 1 + 8x + 28x2 + 56x3 + ... 63 5 5
11. x y
(b) 1 − 9x + 36x2 − 84x3 + ... 256
(c) 1 − 30x + 405x2 − 3240x3 + ... 12. 32 + 240x + 400x2 +...
(d) 1 + 22x + 220x2 + 1320x3 + ... 13. (a) 1 + 5x – 30x3 +... (b) 1 – 4x – 42x2 +...
3. (a) 84 (b) 5 27 77 2 119 3
14. 2 + x+ x + x +..., 3.7945
(c) 91 (d) 252 2 2 2
4. (a) 5040 (b) 362 880 15. 1 + 16x + 88x2 + 112x3 +...; 1.1689
(c) 2880 (d) 6720 16. 2
5. (a) 70 (b) 84 17. p = 1, q = 3, k = 224
(c) 252 (d) 120 18. 2n – n2n – 4x + n(n – 1)2n – 9x2 +...
15 2 5 3 15 4 3 5 1 6 (i) 8 (ii) a = 512, b = –72
6. (a) 1 + 3x + x + x + x + x + x
4 2 16 16 64 19. 5
5 10 10 5 1 5
(b) 1 − x + x 2 − x 3 + x 4 − x 20. (i) 0.147 (ii) 12
3 9 27 81 243
(c) 1 − 4ky + 6k2y2 − 4k3y3 + k4y4
Review Exercise 3
(d) 1 + 3x2 + 3x4 + x6
7 21 2 35 3
7. (a) 1 − x + x − x + ... 1. (a) x30 + 45x28y + 945x26y2 +...
2 4 8
7 7 (b) 81x4 – 216x3y + 216x2y2 +...
(b) 1 + 2 x + x 2 + x 3 + ... (c) x12 + 12x10y3 + 60x8y6 +...
4 8
(c) 1 + 9px + 36p2x2 + 84p3x3 + ... (d)
x 8 8 x 7 y 28 x 6 y 2
+ 7 + 6 2 +...
(d) 1 − 10x2 + 45x4 − 120x6 + ... a8 a b a b
n(n − 1)(n − 2)(n − 3) (n − 1)(n − 2) 2. (a) –20 (b) 1000
8. (a) (b)
24 2 5 3
(c) n (d) 1 3. (a) 605 (b) 510 743
8 4
9. (a) 25 920, 1 959 552 (b) −1512, −13 608 (c) 78 (d) 145
35 21 5 1
(c) , (d) − , − 4. (a) –28 (b) 18 564
8 32 32 1024
10. 3 (c) 84 (d) 113
3
11. (i)(a) 48 (b) 40 320 4
(ii) No (iii) No 5. 1 + 4x + 14x2 + 28x3 +...
12. 8 6. 11 7. 14 or 23
13. 6 8. 7 or 14 9. x6 – 12x4 + 60x2 +...; 156
15
10.
112
11. 1 – 4x + 3x2 + 10x3 – 25x4 +...; 0.8829
12. 16

NSAM 521 Answers to Exercises

 3 23 2 64 3 – 27 2
13. 1 + 10x + 55x2 + 210x3 +...; 4 7. (a) (b)
4 12 36
1 13 2 7 15 10 23
14. 1 – 2 x + 2 x – 1 x3+..., –25 (c) (d) –
2 16 8 64 3 2
15. 1 – 5x + 10x2 – 10x3 + 5x4 − x5; –x10 8. 6 2
5 2
16. 3 9. (a) 3 (b)
9 3
17. (a) (i) 1 + 8x + 28x +...2 53
(c) −
(ii) 81 – 216x + 216x2 +...; 756 23
(b) a = –2, b = 3 19 – 8 3 76 + 6 2
10. (a) (b)
(c) (i) 1 – 24x + 240x2 +... 13 89
(ii) 128 + 448x + 672x2 +...; 20 640 16 – 7 6
(c) 2 2 – 3 (d)
18. m = 5, n = 7, h = 229 19
19. (i) 6 (ii) –624 11. (i) 3 + 2 2 (ii) 4 2
12. a = 8, b = 4
Chapter 3 — Challenge Yourself 13. (3 – 3 ) cm
1. a = 10, b = 20, c = 2, 10020.002 10
2. 0.188 Exercise 4C

Exercise 4A 1. (a) x = log10 40 (b) x = log5 10

1
1. (a) 4 (b) –
3 (c) = log16 4 (d) y = loga x
2
2 1
2. (a) 2 = 7
x
(b) 4 5 = x
1
(c) ±2 (d) – 1
2 (c) 3–3 = (d) 0.25n = k
27
2. (a) 2 (b) 3
(c) 0 (d) –1 or 4 3. (a) 0.497 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) 9.64
1
3. (a) 0 (b) 0 or (e) 54.6 (f) 0.368
2
(c) no solution (g) 1.65 (h) 0.0821
4. (a) 3 (b) 4
9 6
4. (a) x = –2, y = –1 (b) x = – , y = (c) – 4 (d) –2
5 5
5 1 1
(c) x = , y = – ; x = –5, y = 1 5. (a) 18.6 (b)
4 4 200
5. a = 7, b = 3, k = 3 (c) –1080 (d) 8
1
6. p = 2, q = 2 (e) (f) 2
625
7. (a) 0 or 1 (b) 0 or –2 1
(g) –1 (h)
2
Exercise 4B (i) 1 or 81
6. (a) 26p + q (b) 2p – 2q
1. (a) 8 (b) 7 7. (a) 512 (b) 22.5
(c) 3 7 (d) 15 1
(c) 5.41 × 1013 (d)
8
2. (a) 6 7 (b) 3 3 1 1
1
(e) – (f) or –2
(c) –2 15 (d) 2 3
2
Exercise 4D
3. (a) 24 – 9 2 (b) 33 + 12 6
(c) 61 (d) –17 1. (a) lg 30 (b) 0
3 5 2 (c) 1 (d) lg p
4. (a) (b)
5 3 (e) log3 40 (f) ln 18
4+ 6 (g) cannot be further simplified
(c) 14 – 7 3 (d)
5 (h) 0
5 + 10 3 28 – 8 6
5. (a) (b) 2. (a) log7 5
22 25
(b) 3 − 2 ln 3
4 3 – 15 8 5 – 36
(c) (d) 7
22 11 (c) lg (d) 1
15k
6. (4 + 2 6 ) cm 3. (a) 3 (b) –2
1 1
(c) (d)
2 2

NSAM 522 Answers to Exercises

4. (a) 1.04 (b) 0.263 5. (ii) They are reflections of each other in the line
(c) −0.715 (d) 3.96 y = x.
5. (a) 5 log3 5 (b) ln 6 6. (ii) y = ex – 4, 2 solutions
(c) 1 (d) 4 7. 3.1
1 8. (i) g(x) = –f (x).
6. (a) log6 72 (b) lg
200 (iii) They are reflections of each other in the x-axis.
(c) log4 192 (d) log3 6
7. (i) 3.99 (ii) 0.225 Exercise 4G
(iii) –3.35 (iv) –0.861
8. (a) k3 (b) 3k 1. (i) 10 000 (ii) 3680
1 (iii) after 12 days
(c) 2(1 + k) (d) k–2
2 2. (i) 0 (ii) 10–12 W/m2
9. (a) 16 (b) –12 (iii) 43.0 dB (iv) 100 W/m2
(c) 3 (d) 12 3. (i) 74 g (ii) 1.21 × 10−4
2 2 (iii) 10 400 years
(e) (f)
3 3 4. (i) 0.139 (ii) 11.6 years
1 2 5. (i) 0 (ii) 1100
10. (i) (ii)
m m
(iii) It approaches zero.
(iii) –m (iv) –2m
6. (i) Bank Y
11. (i) – 4p (ii) –3p
(ii) the interest rate
1– p
(iii) p – 1 (iv) 7. (i) a = 12, k = 7000 (ii) 551
2
ab (iii) 4 years (iv) It will approach 583.
12.
1– a 8. (i) 1.4 (ii) 4.01 × 1015 km
13. (ii) 0.301 (iii) 1.51 times (iv) 0.398, B
9. (ii) y = ln (2t + 3) + 0.5 (iii) 5990
Exercise 4E
Review Exercise 4
1. (a) 0.975 (b) – 0.485
(c) ±3.07 (d) 1.39 1. z = 2x – 6y
2. (a) −1 (b) 5 1
2. (a) – (b) 1.95
(c) 5 2
3. (a) 30 (b) –2.29 or 9.68 11
(c) 0.301 (d)
1 2
(c) (d) 4
2 7
(e) (f) 729
2 1 3
4. (a) x = –2, y = 3 (b) a = ,b=
3 5 3. x = 5, y = –2
(c) p = 4, q = –1 3175
4. p= , q = 300
4e 4 4
5. x=
e4 – 1 5. a = 5, b = 3
1  1
6. (a) 6561 or (b) 1630 6. 2– 6  cm
6561  2 
(c) 0.669 or 5 (d) 5.59 or 0.679 7. (i) 2y3 + y2 + 7y – 4 = 0 (iii) –1
7. (a) 0.494 (b) 2.27 or – 0.273 pq
8. log7 3 =
(c) – 0.104 (d) 1.48 1– p
(e) –2.14 (f) – 0.712 9. (iii) They are reflections of each other in the line
8. 1 y = x.
1
10. y = 4x 4 10. (i) 240 (ii) 1989
11. x = 2, y = 4 or x = 4, y = 2 (iii) 4 billion
1 5
12. (a) (b)
2 4 Chapter 4 — Challenge Yourself
2 9
(c) (d) – 2. (i) a = 2, b = 4 or a = 4, b = 2
5 5
3. (ii) 4+3 2
Exercise 4F 4. (i) 44
5. (b) 6651
2. (ii) They are reflections of each other in the y-axis.
3. (ii) y = 3 – 2x, 2 solutions
4. (i) no solution (ii) – 0.24 or 2.76

NSAM 523 Answers to Exercises

 1
Revision Exercise B1 7. –
3
1. 1 + 24x + 264x2 +...; 604 8. (a) –9 (b) 17
2. n = 10, 22 9. Yes 10. Yes
3 3
3. 1 + 6kx + 15k x +...; or –3; 9 or –12
2 2
Exercise 5C
5 5
4. (a) 0.26 or –2.43 (b) 2 or –6 1. 3y + x – 9 = 0
5. 19 –5 3 2. (a) y = 5 (b) x = –1
6. (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) y + 3x = 20 (d) 2y = x – 6
1 1
7. x = 20, y = 3. (i) –9 (ii) 45 units2 (iii) 7 units
5 2
8. (a) 1 (b) 125 or 5 4. 2y – x + 6 = 0 5. y+1=0
z4 4
9. x= 6. (i) 1 (ii) (iii) 29.7°
y2 7
7. (i) (5, 6) (ii) 7 (iii) Yes
1 2
10. Draw y = – x.
3 3 8. 26y + 13x – 25 = 0
4
Revision Exercise B2 9. (i) – (iii) (5, 7) (iv) 50 units2
3
1. (a) 1 + 4x + 7x2 10. (i) y + 2x = 7 (ii) (2, 3)
(b) 729 – 1458x + 1215x2; 486 (iii) 5 units, 2 5 units, 5 2 units
2. p = 3, q = –5 (iv) 5 units2 (v) 2 units
  1 2
3. 1 + nx +  2an + n(n – 1) x2; a = 1, n = 6; 80 11. (a) 1 (b) –55
 2  3
4. (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 1 ± 2 19 (d)
5
5. k= 2 3
6. (a) y–x (b) 2y – 2x + 3 12. (a) y + x = 8 (b) 5y = x + 16, (4, 4)
(c) 2y + 2x – 4 (d) 3x + 0.5 – 3y 13. (i) 4y = 2x + 27 (ii) 15.1
7. x= 16, y = 64 or x = 64, y = 16  1 
(iii)  14 ,14 
1 2
8. (a) (b) 1.10 or 1.61 7 9  7
2 14. (i)  ,   (ii)
a c 2 3 2 2 3
9. b= 10. 2. (iii) (5, 8)
3

Exercise 5A Exercise 5D

1. (a) (6, 4) (b) (0, 2) 1. (a) 12 units2 (b) 27 units2

1 1 2. (a) 52 units2 (b) 88.5 units2
(c) (4, 2) (d)  , 2  3. (i) 38.5 units2
2 2
1 1  4. (i) (1, –2) (ii) 6y = x + 24
(e)  a + b, a + b 
2 2 (0, 4) y + 6x = 41
1  1
(f)  2 a(h + k ), ah + 2 ak 
2 2
(iii) (6, 5) (iv) 55 units2
2
2. (i) (4, –1) (ii) (4, –11) 5. (i) 3y + x = 13, y = 3x + 11
 1  1 7 (ii) C(9, 8), D(0, 11)
3.  4,–  , (5, –6) 4.  – , 2 
2 6 12  2 
 5 5 26
(iii)  –3 , 0 
3
5. (i)  2 , 2  (ii) units
6 6 3 (iv) 30 units2, 25 units2
6. P(–11, –3), Q(7, 9), R(3, –11) 6. (i) 3y – 2x – 8 = 0, 2y + 3x = 34
  2  8
 1
Exercise 5B (ii) Q(–4, 0), R  0, 2  , S  6 , 7 
3 13 13
1
1. (a) ±1 (b) ± 1
3 (iii) 47 units2
13
26
2. 3. 1 1
3 7. (i) 13 units2 (ii) 0
2
4. Yes (iii) (6, – 4) (iv) 27 units2

5. (i) (4, 0) or (8, 0) (ii) (0, 24)

6. (i) (4, 2) (ii) No

NSAM 524 Answers to Exercises

 5  3 5
8. (i)  , 3 (ii) units 13. x2 + y2 – 2x + 2y – 3 = 0
2 2
14. x2 + y2 + 6x – 2y – 15 = 0
 1 
9. (i) 3y = –2x + 25 (ii) P(0, 4), Q  12 , 0  15. a = 4, b = 1
2
(iii) (20, –5) (iv) 94.25 units2 17. (i) A(–3, 4), B(4, 3) (ii) y = 7x
 2 7 2
(iii)  ± 2 , ± 2 
Review Questions 5  
 1 1
18. (i)  2 , 4  (ii) 6y + 2x = 27
 1 1 2 2
1.  –1 ,  2. 33y = 55x – 41
2 2
3. y = 2x – 1 Exercise 6B
4. (i) (–1, 3), (–4, –1), (1, –1)
(ii) (4, 3) 3. (i) (2, 2), (8, – 4) (ii) 8.49 units
 3 1 4. (i) (1, 2), (–2, –1) (ii) 1.5 units2
5.  1 , 6  6. 5.4
4 2 5. a= –1, b = ±1, c = 2
7. (i) 4y + 5x = 11 (ii) 5y = 4x + 24 6. (i) (9, 3), (3, 0) (ii) 2y = 27 – 4x
(iii) (4, 8); (12, –2), (7, –6), 82 units2 7. (i) (9, 0), (5, 2) (ii) 30 units2
8. (a) (i) (1, 7), (–6, 0) (ii) y = x + 6 8. (i) 12 (ii) (6, 36), (0, 0), (12, 0)
(iii) 84 units2 9. (i) a = 16, b = 8 (ii) 4.12 units
9. (i) (4, 3) (ii) y + 4x = 19 10. (i) (8, 2), (–8, –2) (iii) 6 units2
(iii) 17 (iv) (5, –1), (3, 7)
(v) 34 units2 Review Questions 6
10. (a) (i) (5, 6) (ii) (10, 4)
(iii) 5y + 2x = 40 (iv) 52 1. (a) x2 + y2 – 4x – 14y + 28 = 0
(b) x2 + y2 + 4x – 18y + 40 = 0
Chapter 5 — Challenge Yourself 2. (8, 6), 5 km
3. (a) (2, 5), 3 (b) (–2, 2), 5
1. A(–5, 12), B(0, 16), C(7, 10), D(2, 6), 4 3
(c) (0, 0), (d) (2, 3), 10
58 units2 3
 9 12
  16 12
   5 15 4. x2 + y2 – 4y – 12 = 0, (0, 6), (0, –2), (±2 3 , 0)
2. (i) A  ,  , B  ,  , C(5, 0), D  , 
5 5 5 5 2 8 5. (i) x2 + y2 – 4x – 45 = 0
5 (ii) 7, yes
(ii) 7 units2
16 6. x2 + y2 – 2x + 2y – 3 = 0
3. (3, 7), (–5, 5), (5, –5) 7. (i) x2 + y2 = 9 (ii) Yes
 3 7
  1   1
 8. (i) x2 + y2 – 2y – 9 = 0 (ii) Yes, yes
Centres:  ,  ,  – , 3 ,  2, 
2 2 2 2 9. a = – 4, b = 1
10. (i) (2, 4) (ii) y = x + 2
Exercise 6A (iii) a = 1, b = 1
10 11. a = 4, m = 2, c = – 4, k = –2
1. (a) (0, 0), 7 (b) (0, 0),
2 1
12. 13. (1, 4)
(c) (–2, 3), 4 (d) (1, 0), 3 4
 1 5
 10  3 5 3 Chapter 6 — Challenge Yourself
(e)  ,  , (f)  ,–  ,
2 2 2 4 4 2
2. (a) x2 + y2 = 9 1. x2 + y2 – 10x + 14y + 49 = 0
(b) x2 + y2 + 4x – 6y – 3 = 0 or x2 + y2 – 10x + 2y + 1 = 0
(c) 25x2 + 25y2 – 25x + 20y – 46 = 0
(d) x2 + y2 – 8x + 2y – 20 = 0
(e) x2 + y2 – 6x + 8y – 11 = 0
3. x2 + y2 – 2x – 2y – 3 = 0
4. x2 + y2 = 13
5. (– 4, 0), (3, 7) 6. y + 2x = 5
7. x2 + y2 – 10x – 8y + 25 = 0
8. x2 + y2 – 4x + 4y – 12 = 0
9. 3 2 units
10. (i) x2 + y2 = 65 (ii) 4 5 units
11. (i) x2 + y2 + 3x – y – 10 = 0
(ii) 5 units
12. (i) x2 + y2 – 4x – 4y – 2 = 0
(ii) y + 2x = 6

NSAM 525 Answers to Exercises

Exercise 7A 5. (i) a ≈ 2.2, b ≈ 3.5
(ii) Incorrect value of y is 25.2.
1. There may be more than one method to do this. Correct value of y ≈ 18.
y y x ≈ 4.2
(a) = ax2 – b, X = x2, Y = , m = a, c = –b
x x 6. (i) y = e3.2 – 0.5x (ii) y ≈ 5.0
(b) y – x2 = –bx + a, X = x, Y = y – x2, m = –b, c = a
x
h 1 7. (i) y = (ii) y ≈ 0.11
(c) y = + k, X = 2 , Y = y, m = h, c = k 1.3 + 0.15 x
x2 x 8. (i) ln y = k ln x + ln h (ii) h ≈ 2.4, k ≈ 1.5
(d) xy = hx3 + k, X = x3, Y = xy, m = h, c = k (iii) y ≈ 180
x x
(e) = qx + p, X = x, Y = , m = q, c = p 9. Plot ln y against ln x.
y y
(i) a ≈ 2.5, b ≈ 2.0
 x x
(f) x = b  y  – a, X = , Y = x, m = b, c = – a (ii) Incorrect value of y is 465.
y
Correct value of y ≈ 540
(g) lg y = n lg x + lg p, X = lg x, Y = lg y, m = n,
10. (i) ln C = –kt + ln A (ii) A ≈ 99, k ≈ 0.015
c = lg p
(iii) 99 mg/l (iv) 40 mg/l
(h) lg y = ax + b, X = x, Y = lg y, m = a, c = b
11. (i) ln (T – 25) = (–ln a)t + ln k
2. There may be more than one method to do this.
(ii) a ≈ 1.2, k ≈ 67 (iii) 92°C
(a) ln y = –bx + ln a, X = x, Y = ln y, m = –b, c = ln a
(iv) 8.9 min (v) 25°C
(b) lg y = (lg h)x – lg a, X = x, Y = lg y, m = lg h,
c = –lg a
a 1 a Review Exercise 7
(c) ln y = – ln x + , X = ln x, Y = ln y, m = – ,
b b b 1 2 3
c =
1 1. (i) y = x + x (ii) 5
b 2 2
1 6
3 2lgh
2. k = 1000, n = –0.6 3. y= x+
(d) lg y = lg x + , X = lg x, Y = lg y, 7
3 x
n n 1
4. y= (x 3 – x2) 5. p=q=3
2
3 2lgh
m = , c = 2
n n 6. A = 61.1, b = 4.39 7. k = 46.4, n = –
1 2
3
(e) lg  y – x  = (–lg a)x + b lg a 8. a ≈ 2.0, b ≈ – 6.9
(f) x lg y = (lg q)x + lg p, X = x , Y = x lg y,
2 2 9. (ii) (a) h ≈ 1.5, k ≈ 14 (b) x ≈ 4.4
m = lg q, c = lg p 10. (ii) k ≈ 0.45, N0 ≈ 25 (iii) 570 minutes
 x2  x2 11. (i) Plot ln 3
y against x.
(g) x = h  y  – k, X = , Y = x, m = h, c = –k
  y
(ii) p ≈ 4.1, q ≈ 0.80 (iii) x ≈ 2.8
1 1
(h) – x3 = hx – k2, X = x, Y = – x3, m = h, 12. (i) a ≈ –2.3, b ≈ –7 (ii) x ≈ 1.5
y y
c = – k2
4x – 3 Chapter 7 — Challenge Yourself
3. (a) y = x2 – x – 2 (b) y = 10 5

y = – 0.8x2 + 2.5x + 0.3

(c) y = e 15 – 2 x

4. a = 4, b = 20 Revision Exercise C1
3x 2
5. (i) y= (ii) x = 8 1
x–4 1. (i) y + 3x = 3 (ii) C(6, 0), M  3,1 
  2
6. a = 15.8, b = 1.5
(iii) 3y = x + 9
10
7. a= , b = –1 1 1 1 1
3 (iv) B  4 , 4  , D  1 ,–1 
 2  2  2  2
2
8. A = 100, B = 1, x = 2. 15 units2; 6 units
3
3 7 3. x2 + y2 + 4x – 10y + 4 = 0; 4 5
9. a= ,b=– ,6
2 3 4. (i) (4, 6), (5, –1) (ii) 7y = x + 13
2 ± 7 2 4 ± 2
Exercise 7B (iii)  ,
 2 2 
1. a ≈ 8.0, b ≈ 2.0 4x + 2
5. y=e 3 3 6. a ≈ 120, b ≈ 10
2. (i) a ≈ –2.0, b ≈ 7.9 (ii) x ≈ 3.0
3. (i) k ≈ 12, b ≈ 2.5 (ii) y ≈ 126
(iii) Incorrect value of y is 550.
Correct value of y ≈ 500.
4. (i) n ≈ 0.52, c ≈ 150
(ii) y ≈ 90

NSAM 526 Answers to Exercises

 5 12
Revision Exercise C2 14. (a) (b) –
13 13
1. (i) t = 1 (ii) 4y + 3x = 54 2
(c) (d) – 2
1 3
(iii) S(6, 9) (iv) 11y + 2x = 48 3 4
2 15. (a) (b) –
(v) 50 units2 5 5
2. (5, 6) 2 5 5
(c) – (d) –
3. x2 + y2 – 4x – 10y + 4 = 0 5 5
4. (i) x2 + y2 = 25 (ii) –3 16. (a) –p (b) 1 – p2
6 p
5. y= (c) (d) 1 – p2
5 x 2 + 21 1 – p2
6. Plot lg y against x; a ≈ 4.5, b ≈ 6.4 17. (a) q (b) 1 – q2
1 – q2
Exercise 8A (c) – (d) 1 – q2
q
1
1. (a) 1 (b) 18. –
3+ 3
2 9
3 1
(c) (d) – 19. (i) 3rd (ii) 3
2 2
4π 1
2. (a) 55° (b) 28° (iii) ,–
3 2
(c) 46° (d) 44°
3. (a) 3rd (b) 4th Exercise 8B
(c) 3rd (d) 3rd
1. (a) 3, –3 (b) 2, –2
4. (a) –sin 20° (b) –cos 55°
(c) 7, –7 (d) 11, –5
π π
(c) –sin (d) –tan (e) 11, 1
4 3
2. (a) 4, 360° (b) 5, 360°
5. (a) 2nd (b) 4th
(c) 1, 360° (d) 2, 360°
(c) 3rd (d) 4th
(e) 3, 360°
(e) 2nd (f) 4th
3. (a) 2, p (b) 3, p
1 1
6. (a) (b) – (c) 3, 4p (d) 2, p
2 2
(e) 1, 6p
3
(c) (d) 1 5. a = 2, b = 5 6. p = 7, q = 3
2
3 1
7. (a) –1 < y < 5 (b) –4 < y < 2
(e) – (f) – (c) 1 < y < 5 (d) 1<y<5
2 2
2 8. 1<y<3 9. 6
(g) – (h) 1 10. 2
2
1 11. (i) a = 3, p = 2, q = 4 (ii) b = –1
7. (a) (b) –1 12. (i) 30 m (ii) 6 m
2
1 5–3 3 13. (ii) (a) C (b) A
(c) – (d)
3 2 14. 5
8. (a) 18° (b) 55° 15. (i) a = 90, b = 80
(c) 35° (d) 20° (iii) (a) 170 m (b) 10 m
π π
(e) (f)
3 4 Exercise 8C
π π
(g) (h) 2. 4 3. 2
6 3
9. (a) 35°, 145° (b) 42°, 222° 4. (a) 4 (b) 2
π 3π 5 π 5. (ii) 3
(c) 65°, 115°, 245°, 295° (d) , ,
4 4 4
π 4 π 6π 9π Exercise 8D
(e) , , ,
5 5 5 5 2 1 3
1. (i) 1 (ii) 1 (iii)
10. (a) cos 40° (b) –tan 64° 3 4 4
π π 5
(c) –sin (d) tan 2. (i) – (ii) 5 (iii) –2
3 4 2
3 3 3 4 4 15 15
11. – , 12. – ,– 3. (i) – 4 (ii) – (iii)
5 4 5 5 15 15
12 5 3 2 3 3
13. ,– 4. (i) (ii) (iii)
13 12 2 3 3

NSAM 527 Answers to Exercises

 1 7. (a) q = 3, m = 3 (b) p = –1
5. (i) (ii) 2 2 (iii) 2 2
3
8. (i) 2
2 29 5 29 29 (iii) a = 2, b = 2, c = –1; 30°, 150°, 210°, 330°
6. (i) (ii) (iii)
29 29 2
9. (i) a = ±3 (ii) b = 2
(iii) 4
Exercise 8E

1. (a) 46.4°, 133.6° (b) 64.3°, 295.7° Chapter 8 — Challenge Yourself

(c) 132.4°, 227.6° (d) 126.1°, 306.1° 2p p2 – 1
1. sin x = 2 , cos x =
2. (a) 13.4°, 76.6° (b) 27.5°, 117.5° 1+ p p2 + 1
(c) 102.6°, 167.4° (d) 68.9°, 111.1° 4
2. (a) <y<4 (b) 1 < y < 2
3. (a) 337.8° (b) 113.0° 5
(c) 241.9° (d) 339.3° 3.
183
4. (a) 43°, 137° (b) 38.6°, 321.4° 340
(c) 45.0°, 225.0° (d) 78°, 102°, 258°, 282° Exercise 9A
(e) 18.8°, 78.8°, 138.8°, 198.8°, 258.8°, 318.8°
5. (a) 108.0°, 162.0°, 288.0°, 342.0° 1. (a) 45°, 153.4°, 225°, 333.4°
(b) 44.5°, 75.5°, 164.5°, 195.5°, 284.5°, 315.5° (b) 270°
(c) 16.8°, 58.2°, 196.8°, 238.2° (c) 33.7°, 153.4°, 213.7°, 333.4°
(d) 56.7°, 138.3°, 236.7°, 318.3° (d) 0°, 360°
(e) 10.2°, 100.2°, 190.2°, 280.2° 2. (a) 0.340, 2.80
(f) 127.7°, 340.3° π 5π
(b) , , 1.82, 4.46
6. (a) – 0.723, 0.723 (b) –2.04, 1.11 3 3
(c) –2.84, – 0.305 (d) –1.66, 1.48 (c) 0.766, 5.52
7. (a) 4.14, 5.29 (b) 0.630, 2.61, 3.77, 5.75 (d) 0.464, 1.11, 3.61, 4.25
(c) 2.95, 6.09 (d) 1.58, 2.73, 4.73, 5.87 3. (a) 26.6°, 153.4°, 206.6°, 333.4°
9. (a) 0°, 25°, 180°, 205°, 360° (b) 72.3°, 147.5°, 252.3°, 327.5°
(b) 0°, 45°, 180°, 225°, 360° (c) 66.4°, 180°, 293.6°
(c) 0°, 66.0°, 180°, 246.0°, 360° (d) 63.4°, 146.3°, 243.4°, 326.3°
(d) 90°, 270° π 3π π 5π
4. (a) , (b) ,
π 3π 5 π 7 π 2 2 6 6
10. (a) , , ,
4 4 4 4 (c) 0, 1.77, 4.51, 2p (d) 0.927, 2.21
π 5 π 7 π 11π 5. 6 sin2 x + 13 sin x – 5 = 0
(b) , , ,
6 6 6 6 x = 19.5°, 160.5°
(c) 0, 0.111, 3.03, p, 2p
Exercise 9B
0, , , 5 π , p, 9 π ,
π π 3π 13π
(d) , , 2p
8 2 8 8 2 8 2p p2 – 1
11. (a) 18.4°, 198.4° 5. sin x = 2
, cos x = 2
p +1 p +1
(b) 54.7°, 125.3°, 234.7°, 305.3°
(c) 0°, 180°, 360° Exercise 9C
(d) 30°, 90°, 150°, 270°
1. (a) sin 62° (b) cos 40°
(c) sin 103° (d) cos 51°
Review Exercise 8
(e) tan 40° (f) tan 25°
3 1 1
1. (a) (b) 0 (c) 3 3 – 5 2. (a) ( 6 – 2) (b) ( 6 + 2)
4 4 4
2. (a) –3 < f(x) < 7, 5, 2 π (c)
1
( 6 + 2) (d)
1
( 2– 6)
3 4 4
(b) 0 < f(x) < 2, 1, 2p 1
(c) 1 < f(x) < 3, 2, 4p (e) ( 6 + 2) (f) 2 + 3
4
4. 4 5. 4 (g) 2 + 3 (h) –2 – 3
6. (a) 22.5°, 82.5°, 202.5°, 262.5° 56 33 16
3. (i) (ii) (iii)
(b) 60°, 90°, 240°, 270° 65 65 63
(c) 62.6°, 117.4°, 242.6°, 297.4° 16 33 16
4. (i) – (ii) – (iii)
(d) 53.1°, 90°, 126.9°, 270° 65 65 63
(e) 0°, 121.0°, 180°, 301.0°, 360° 33 16 33
5. (i) – (ii) (iii)
(f) 71.6°, 251.6° 65 65 56
36 13 36
6. (i) – (ii) – (iii) –
85 85 77

NSAM 528 Answers to Exercises

 84 13 36 π 3π
7. (i) (ii) – (iii) 11. (a) 0.340, , 2.80,
85 85 77 2 2
8. 130°, 310° (b) 0, 1.79, p, 4.50, 2p
4 56 2 π 5π
9. (i) (ii) (iii) 5 (c) , , 0.644, 2.50
13 65 5 6 6
1+ a 3+a 3+a (d) 0, p, 2p, 0.464, 2.68, 3.61, 5.82
10. (i) (ii) (iii) 1 – x2
1– a 2 1 + a2 2 1 + a2 12. (i) (ii) 2x 1 – x 2
2 2
x2
b+ a 1–b ab + 1 – b
11. (i) (ii) 1– x
1+ a 2
1 + a2 (iii) 1 – 8x2 + 8x4 (iv)
2
a 1 – b2 – b 13. (a) 45° < A < 90° (b) 30° < A < 90°
(iii) 2 (c) 45° < A < 90°
ab + 1 – b
7 3 10 7
12. (i) xy + (1 – x 2 )(1 – y 2 ) 14. (i) (ii) (iii) −
25 10 24
(ii) –( y 1 – x 2 + x 1 – y )
2

Exercise 9F
2x 1 – x2
(iv) –2y 1 – y
2
(iii)
2x2 – 1 1. (a) 29 sin (q + 68.2°); ± 29 ; q = 21.8°, 201.8°
(v) 2y2 – 1 (b) 2 sin (q + 30°); ±2; q = 60°, 240°

13. (i)
1
(ii)
3
(iii)
5 2. (a) 2 2 sin (q – 20.7°); ± 2 2; q = 110.7°, 290.7°
7 4 5
(b) 2 2 sin (q – 37.8°); ±2 2, q = 127.8°, 307.8°
3 4 5 12 4
14. – , , , ,– 3. (a) 13 cos (q + 33.7°); ± 13 ; q = 326.3°, 146.3°
5 5 13 13 7
(b) 7 cos (q + 40.9°); ± 7 ; q = 319.1°, 139.1°
Exercise 9D 4. max = 29 cm, t = 1.19 s; min = − 29 cm, t = 4.33 s
5. (a) 8.1°, 203.8° (b) 309.2°
1. (a) sin 50° (b) cos 54°
(c) 119.6°, 346.7° (d) 82.2°, 207.2°
(c) tan 70° (d) cos 50°
6. (a) 1.82, 5.64 (b) 0.830, 3.24
(e) cos 26°
(c) 0.537, 4.46 (d) 2.50, 6.17
120 5
2. (i) (ii) 7. (a) 53.8°, 164.9°, 233.8°, 344.9°
119 12
(b) 16.6°, 129.7°, 196.6°, 309.7°
12 5
(iii) (iv) (c) 41.0°, 114.5°, 161.0°, 234.5°, 281.0°, 354.5°
13 13
(d) 21.6°, 65.4°, 141.6°, 185.4°, 261.6°, 305.4°
1 1
3. 1 ,5 8. (i) 13 cos (x + 22.6°)
3 2
(ii) max = 13, q = 337.4°, min = –13, q = 157.4°
1 1
4. (i) 5 (ii) 30 9. 13 sin (q – 67.4°)
3 6
1
(i) 100°, 214.8° (ii) 169, 0
(iii) 5 (iv) 6 – 5 10. 5 sin (x + 53.1°)
5
7 24 (a) max = 6, min = – 4
5. (i) (ii) – (b) max = 26, min = 1
25 7
3 527 (c) max = 126, min = –124
(iii) 10 (iv) – (d) max = 626, min = 1
10 625
240 3 7 11. (ii) 23125 sin (q + 80.5°)
6. (i) – (ii) 34 (iii) –
289 34 25
(iii) 152 cm, q = 9.5°
5 7 119 (iv) 63.2°
7. (i) 26 (ii) (iii)
26 25 169
12. (ii) 2.32 cos (q – 23.2°)
24 336
8. (i) – (ii) – (iii) 3 (iii) q = 23.2° (iv) 67.0°
25 625
13. 13 amperes, 0.588 s
3 1 24
9. (i) – (ii) 1 (iii) 14. max = 17, min = 7; q = 45°, 171.9°, 225°, 351.9°
5 3 25
15. (ii) R = 89 , a = 32.0°
10. (a) 0°, 82.8°, 180°, 277.2°, 360°
(iii) 10.1°
(b) 90°, 197.5°, 270°, 342.5°
(iv) SP = 89 sin (q + 32.0°)
(c) 38.7°, 141.3°, 270°
(vi) q = 13.0°
(d) 0°, 57.3°, 122.7°, 180°, 237.3°, 302.7°

NSAM 529 Answers to Exercises

Review Exercise 9 15. (ii) 4252.1 cos (q – 0.852)
1 2 (iii) q = 0.852 (iv) q = 1.198
1. (i) (ii) – 16. (ii) 865 sin (q + 35.3°)
3 4
7 56 (iii) 865, q = 54.7° (iv) 16.1°
(iii) – 2 (iv) – 2 17. (i) 1280 sin (2q + 1.11)
8 81
16 10 (ii) 0.629 (iii) 1280 ; 0.230
2. (i) – (ii)
65 10
25 625 Chapter 9 — Challenge Yourself
(iii) (iv) –
24 527 1 7 11
p 1. ,– ,–
2p 4 8 16
3. (i) (ii) p2 + 1
p2 + 1
1 4 p3 – 4 p Revision Exercise D1
(iii) (iv)
p ( p 2 + 1)2 11 15
1. (i) – (ii)
4. (a) 15°, 75°, 195°, 255° 15 16
(b) 30°, 120°, 210°, 300° 2. (a) 60°, 170°, 240°, 350°
(c) 90°, 120°, 270°, 300° (b) 30°, 150°, 270°
(d) 20°, 70°, 200°, 250° (c) 22.6°, 90°
(e) 20.9°, 69.1°, 200.9°, 249.1° (d) 0°, 30°, 180°, 210°, 360°
(f) 101.5°, 258.5° π 5π 13π 17π
4. (a) 0.251, 6.03 (b) 0, , , π, , , 2π
(g) 27.9°, 152.1° 12 12 12 12
(h) 11.3°, 45°, 191.3°, 225° 5. 10 + 6 6. 4 solutions
(i) 100.4°
7. 3 5 sin (q + 63.4°)
(j) 221.8°, 318.2°
(i) 108.0°, 305.1°
(k) 26.9°, 230.4°
(l) 42.5°, 195.6° (ii) max = 3 5 , q = 26.6°
(m) 74.3°, 173.1°, 254.3°, 353.1° min = –3 5 , q = 206.6°
(n) 7.9°, 85.0°, 127.9°, 205.0°, 247.9°, 325.0°
33 25 24 Revision Exercise D2
6. (i) – (ii) − (iii) –
56 7 25
7 1 3
7. (i)
1
(ii)
120
(iii)
17
2 1. (i) 2 (ii) – (iii) 3
10 7 7
5 169 26
26
2. (a) 130.5°, 349.5°
312 + 130 3
(iv) or (b) 56.3°, 135°, 236.6°, 315°
12 – 5 3 69
37
(c) 15°, 75°, 195°, 255°
(v) (d) 30°, 109.5°, 150°, 250.5°
55
1 – a2 – a 2π 4 π
8. (i) 2a 1 – a 2 (ii) 4. (a) 2.30 or 5.84 (b) , ,p
2 3 3
1– a + a
2 5. 0°, 30°, 150°, 180°, 210°, 330°, 360°
(iii) 2 6. 4 solutions
3(1 – a ) – a
1 2 5 7. (i) P = 4 5 sin (q + 0.464)
9. (i) (ii)
2 25 q = 0.791 or 1.42
25 576 (ii) max = 4 5 , q = 1.11
(iii) (iv)
24 625
9 Exercise 11A
(v)
25

10. (i) –2 2 (ii) –

7
(iii) 3 1. (a) 3x2 (b) 50x4 – 12x2 + 7
9 3 1 2 20
12. (a) 0, p, 2p, 1.19, 5.10 (b) 0.848,
π
, 2.29,
3π (c) 20x3 – + 3 (d) 14x3 – +1
2 2 x2 x 3x 5
(c) 0, 2.56, 3.73, 2p (d) 0.442, 3.99 4 3
(e) 12x3 – 5 – 3 (f) 8x + 12
(e) 1.77, 5.96 3x x
13. (a) 0°, 90°, 180° (g) 4x – 4x
3
(h) 5x4 – 3x2 + 4x
(b) 22.5°, 67.5°, 112.5°, 157.5° (i) 4x3 –
8
+4 (j) 1 –
5
14. 13 sin (x – 22.6°) x3 x2
(i) 57.8°, 167.4° 9 1 3 1
(k) x + (l) 15x2 – +
(ii) max = 4, q = 112.6°, min = –22, q = 292.6° 2 2 x x2 2 x3

NSAM 530 Answers to Exercises

 13
2. (a) −3 (b) 30 9. (2, 2)
16
1 3
16 10. a = 1 , b = – ; a = 4, b = 2
(c) 31 (d) 4 4 4
27
11. (a) 5(ax2 + bx3 + c)4(2ax + 3bx2)
25
3. (a) 8 (b) 4 2 ax + b 1
27 (b) (c)
2 ax 2 + bx + c (a 2 – 2 x )3
(c) 2 (d) 1
2x
(e) 3 (d) – 3

4. (4, 3) ( x 2 – 3a 2 + 2b ) 2
4
5. (a) 10ax + 9bx2 (b) 2a2 + 3c2x2  b  b
(e) 5  ax +   a – 2 
2b 3 b x x
(c) – 3 (d) a x +
x 2 2 x  b3  
3
b3 
(f) 8  a x + 2   a x – 3 
2 2 2
3 2
6. (a) – 2 (b)  x   x 
t t3
1 1 4
(c) – (d) 1 – Exercise 11C
2 t 2 t3 t2
3x + 5
14 1 4 1 1. (a) 6 – 4x – 9x2 (b)
(e) – – + (f) 4 – 2 x+4
t5 t3 33 t 3 t3 (c) 2(5x + 3)(x – 3)3
13
7. 7 8. –5 (d) 2(4x + 7)(x + 1)2(x + 3)4
16
(e) 9(x + 2)(x + 5)2(x – 4)5
9. a = 3, b = –8 10. a = –1, b = –6
2. 21, 85 3. 18
4
11. a = −5, b = 2 12. – 1
9 4. (x + 3)3(x – 5)6(11x + 1); –3, 5 or –
11
5
13. x < 1 or x > 3 14. 6t + 5, t < – 3 15
6 5. , –5 or –
2 16
Exercise 11B 24 – 105 x 3
6. (a) (b) (x + 5)5(8x2 – 11x – 15)
2 4 – 7x3
1. (a) 14(2x + 5) 6
(b) –32(3 – 4x) 7

5 1
4 (c) x(x − 2)6 (10x2 + 3x − 4)
 15
(c)  x – 4  (d) (5x – 3)5 12 x 2 – 2 x + 9 3
2 2 4
3 (d) 2 (e) (21x – 2)(3x – 1) 2
4 x  2x + 3
(e) 15(x + 4)4 (f)  – 1 8
9 6 3x – 6
7. ;2 8. , 1 or 3
–3 –6 x 2x – 1 ( 2 – x )2
2. (a) (b)
( 3 x + 2 )2 ( x 2 + 2 )4 14 – 3x 14
9. ;
60 30 2 9–x 3
(c) (d) a x – 3x 3
2
( 3 – 4 x )4 ( 2 – 5 x )2
10. (a)
72 x 9x a2 – x 2
(e) – (f)
(2 + 3x 2 )2 2 ( 5 – 3 x 2 )2 (b) a(3ax – b)2(2ax – b3)(30ax – 4b – 9b3)
1 3 (c) (2bx – x3)(20a2bx3 – 18a2x5 + 18bx – 21x3)
3. (a) (b)
2x + 3 2 4 + 3x 6 a 3 + 8 ax + 3b 2 x 2 + 3abx + a 2
(d) (e)
5x 9x2 3(a 2 + x )
2
3 a2 + x 2
(c) (d)
5x2 + 6 2 3x 2 – 4 (f) (x + a)2(x2 – b)3(11x2 + 8ax – 3b)
2( x – 1) 4x
(e) (f)
Exercise 11D
2 2
2x – 4 x + 5 2
3(2 x – 5 ) 3
1 5x
(g) – (h) – 11 5
( x – 3)3 18 – 5 x 2 1. (a) (b)
4. 3 5. –18 (1 – 4 x )2 ( 3 – x )2
6. –9 7. –144 9 4 (2 x 2 + 7 x + 1)
(c) – (d)
 2 3 
4
3 (2 x – 3)2 (1 – 2 x 2 )2
8. (a) 5  x +   2 x – 2 
x x 25
2( 3x 2 + 24 x + 2 )
(e) – (f)
4x ( 3 x 2 – 2 )2 (2 x + 3)2
(b) −
3 (2 x 2 – 5)3 2 x ( x – 1) 1 – 2x – x2
(g) (h)
1 2
–2
3  2 (2 x – 1)2 ( x 2 + 1)2
(c)  x +  1 – 2  3 3 – x2
3 x  x  (i) (j)
( 2 – x )2 ( x 2 + 3)2
–3( 4 x + 7 )
(d) 2. 20 3. 0 or –2
(2 x 2 + 7 x )3
 1 3
4. (0, 0),  , 
2 4

NSAM 531 Answers to Exercises

 3– x x–6 2 2π
5. (a) (b) 3 17. (i) 10 cm (ii) cm/s
2 x ( 3 + x )2 ( x – 3) 2 π 5π
2 x + 11 4 – 3x 2 125
(c) (d) 18. (i) cm/s (ii) 0.251 cm/s
3
2 x ( x 2 + 4 )2 36π
2( x + 1) 2

5 + 4 x – x2 19. –7.5 cm/s

8
6. 7. ;2<x<5
13 ( x 2 + 5 )2
1 8 Review Exercise 11
8. 14.21 or – 0.21 9. ,
2 2 81 1
4a x 1. (a) – (b) 18
10. (a) 4
( a 2 – x 2 )2
4 ab 2 x + b 3 + 6 ax 4 + 6bx 3 3
(b) (c) (d) 0
16
(b 2 – 3x 3 )2
(e) –5 (f) –13, 13
–2 ax (bx + 2 c) b(a + c )
(c) (d) 3x 2
(ax 2 – bx – c)2 (cx + b )2
2. (a) 25(5x – 4)4 (b)
3a abx + 2 ac + b 2 2x3 + 5
11. (a) (b) 1
2 a + x (2 a – x )3 2 (bx + c)3 6x
(c) 15x(5x2 + 3)
2
(d) 2
5 1
a 2
a –a x
2 2 2 (2 + 9 x 2 ) 3
(c) – (d)
(2 ax – x 2 )3 2 x (a 2 + x 2 ) 2
3
27 3x + 34
(e) – (f)
( 3x – 5 )4 3
(2 x + 9 ) 2
Exercise 11E
3. (a) 6(ax2 + bx)5(2ax + b)
1. (a) y = 5x – 7 (b) y = 6x – 8 (b) (2ax + b)4(5x2 – ab)5(170ax2 + 60bx – 10a2b)
(c) y = –6x – 1 (d) 2y = x – 1 2 x 2 (abx 2 + b 2 x + ac)
(c) –
(e) y + 16x = 0 (bx 3 – c)2
− a 3 − acx 2 – 2bcx
2. (a) 2y + x = 7 (b) 10y + x = 91 (d)
(cx 2 − a 2 )2
(c) 3y + 27x = 56 (d) y = x + 2
(e) 8y + x = 34 1 1  1 1
4.  ,–1  ,  – ,1 
1 1  9 2 2 2 2
3. 2– , 7y + 4x = 39 4.  0,19 
x2 2 23 4
5. a= , b = –1
1   1  27
5. y + 5x = 10 6.  , 4  ,  – ,– 4 6. k = 8, p = 13, q = –2, c = 12
2 2
7. y = x – 1, (0, –1) 8. a = 2, b = –3, c = 5 7. 12r2 – 6r – 18, –1 < r <
3
3 2
9. y = 2x – 7, 1 10. y = 3x – 8, (0, –8) 8.
5
,1
3
4
18 5
 1 11  2 5
9. –14, 14y – x = 304
11. y = 3x – 5,  ,–  12. k = 1,  , 2 
3 9 3 9
10. a = 5, b = –3; 9y = 268x – 396
13. (i) 6 (ii) x = 4
11. (a) – 4.8 units/s (b) – 0.3 units/s
12. (a) – 0.3 units/s (b) – 0.849 units/s
Exercise 11F
13. –8 cm/s 14. 1 cm/s
3 5 6π
1.
25 15. P(0, –2)
2. 6t2 – 12t + 4; t < 0 or t  2
16. V = 4 3 h2; – 4.99 cm3/s
3. 4p cm /s
2
4. 120 cm /s2
1
17. T = (6 – x)(2x2 + 3),
1 1 2
5. cm/s 6. cm/s
12 5π 1 8
–3x2 + 12x – 1 , unit/s
2 105
7. (i) 3.6p cm /s 2
(ii) No
16 π 3 125
18. (i) V = h (ii) cm/s
2 675 256π
8. 76 cm3/s
3
13 Chapter 11 — Challenge Yourself
9. – 45 units/s 10. – units/s
20 47
11. 4 cm3/s, 2.6 cm2/s 12. 200hp cm3/s 1. (a) A = x3 – x (b) units2/s
48
9
13. (i) 5 cm/s (ii) Yes 2. (i) cm/s (ii) 1 cm2/s
8π 64
14. (i) 0.45(3x + 2)2 (ii) 0.02 m/s
16. 64 a cm/s
25
15. m/s
16πk 45 π

NSAM 532 Answers to Exercises

Exercise 12A Exercise 12C
 1 1
1. (a) 12x3, 36x2 (b) 5, 0 1. (a)  –1 , −1  min (b) (1, –2) max
2 4
1 2
(c) 6x + 5, 6 (d) – , (c) (1, – 6) pt. of inflexion
x2 x3
 2 1  1 8
(e) 30(3x + 2) , 810(3x + 2)
9 8
(d)  – , 8  max,  1 ,–3  min
1 1 3 3 9 3 9
(f) , − (x − 4)
−

2 x−4 4
2
(e) (0, 0) min, (2, 4) max
1 2 (f) (2, – 64) min, (–2, 64) max
2. (a) 1 – 2 ; 3
x x  1   1 
2. (a)  , 5  min,  – ,–3 max
1 2 2 6 3 3
(b) – 2 + 3 ; 3 – 4
x x x x (b) (3, 0) min, (–3, –12) max
15 23 1 – 1 45 12 1 –3 (c) (0, 4) pt. of inflexion
(c) x – x 2; x + x 2
2 2 4 4  2 5  1
(d)  , 2  min,  –1, 4  max
1 2 3 27  2
(d) – ;
( x – 1)2 ( x – 1)3 3. (a) (1, 6) max, (2, 5) min
–7 14 (b) (–3, 34) max, (1, 2) min
(e) ;
( x – 1)2 ( x – 1)3 (c) (1, 4) min, (0, 5) pt. of inflexion
x2 + 2x 2 (d) (5, 150) min
(f) ,  1 7
( x + 1)2 ( x + 1)3 4. (a)  2 ,171  max, (3, 171) min,
2 8
 3 25   1 13 
3. (i)  ,  ,  – ,–   1 1
4 8 4 8  –2 ,–328  min
2 8
(ii) 152 (b) (1, 0) min, (–1, 4) max
4.
(a) 3ax + 2bx; 6ax + 2b
2 (c) (4, 48) min
(b) (4ax + 2b)(ax2 + bx + c); (d) (2, 3) min, (0, –1) max
2(6a2x2 + 6abx + 2ac + b2) 5. (2, 35) max, (3, 34) max
–7
3 3 6. (i)
(c) x; (2 x – 1)2
2 4 x
5 a 1 12 3b 12 dy
(d) x + x ; (ii) No, ≠ 0 for all x.
2 2 dx
x2 – 6x + 5
15 a 12 3b – 12 7. (i) (ii) (1, 0) max, (5, 8) min
x + x ( x – 3)2
4 4
a b 2b 8. (ii) (0, 0) min
(e) – 2; 3 dy
c cx cx 3 9. (i) − (ii) ≠ 0 for all x
–(bc + ad ) 2 c(bc + ad ) (2 x – 1)3 dx
(f) ; 1 dy
(cx – d )2 (cx – d )3
10. − , ≠ 0 for all x
(3x – 5)2 dx
Exercise 12B 11. (i) a = 1, b = 16 (ii) min
12. (i) a = 3, b = 4 (ii) (0, 5) pt. of inflexion
1. (a) x > –5 (b) x > 2 13. (i) a = 16, b = 1 (ii) min
(c) x < –1 (d) x > 4 or x < –3 1
(iii) x >
1 2
(e) x > 2 or x < –1 (f) x > 5 or x < 3
2 14. (i) p = –9, q = 24
3 (ii) (4, 17)
2. (a) x < 1 (b) x > –1
4 (iii) (4, 17) min, (2, 21) max
1 (iv) min gradient = –3 occurs when x = 3
(c) –1 < x < 2 (d) –1 <x<4
2  3
15. (i) p = – 4, q = –1 (ii)  –1.5, −34 
1 4
(e) –1 < x < 1 (f) –4 < x < 2
2  3
(iii)  –1.5, −34  min, (2, 51) max
3. x > 3 4. 2<x<5 4
5. x > 6 or 0 < x < 3 1
(iv) –1 <x<2
2
16. (i) (1, –2) min, (4, 5) max, (6, 2) min

NSAM 533 Answers to Exercises

Exercise 12D Chapter 12 — Challenge Yourself

1. 1681 2. 2 (ii) k = 4
3. 12 800 m2 4. V = x2(15 – x), 500 cm3
80 – 2 r Exercise 13A
5. q= ; r = 20, max A = 400 cm2
r
1. (a) 5 cos x + 3 sec2 x (b) 6x + 4 sec2 x
1
6. h = r = 6 7. x = 100, y = 133 (c) – 6 sin 2x + 4 sec 4x
2
3
(d) 28 cos 7x – 1
8. l = 2 2 m, h = 2 m 9. 8.26 cm, 6.74 cm
3 3

(e) –7 sin 7x + 3 cos 3x

10. x = 2.61, y = 3.91, height = 2.94
π
(f) 7 sec2  7 x + 
11. h = 6002 , r = 4.57, h = 9.14  4
πr
1  x π
12 – 2 x 24 (g) cos  – 
12. r = ,x= 2  2 3
π π+4
3 π 3 
2 1 (h) sin  – x 
13. AP = 44.6 m 14. r = a, h = a 2 3 2
3 3
2. (a) 3 sin2 x cos x – 4 sin x
15. (i) r = 24 h – h 2
(b) 2 cos 2x + 6 cos x sin x
(iii) 8 2 ; max 2140 cm3 (c) 10 sin4 (2x – 3p) cos (2x – 3p)
16. 4.62, 1240 cm3 (d) 3(2 sin x – cos x)2(2 cos x + sin x)
(e) 3x2 sec2 x3
Review Exercise 12 (f) 4 sin 4x sec2 4x
1 3 3. (a) 4x + 3x cos x + 3 sin x
1. (a) (–3, 83) max,  ,–2  min
2 4 (b) 12x2 cos 2x – 8x3 sin 2x
 1 19  (c) 6x2 cos x – 2x3 sin x + 5 sec2 x
(b) (1, 3) min,  –1 ,15  max
3 27 (d) 3 cos 5x – 5 tan 3x – 15x sin 5x – 15x sec2 3x
1 5 (e) –2 cot 2x cosec 2x
(c)  , 2  min
2 8 (f) –3 cosec2 3x
(d) (0, 7) max, (2, 3) min 4. (a) 4(5x cos x + 6x2)3(12x + 5 cos x – 5x sin x)
(e) (–2, –5) max, (2, –5) max (b) cos x cos 2x – 2 sin x sin 2x
(f) (0, 5) pt. of inflexion, (1, 4) min (c) 4 cos 3x sec2 4x – 3 tan 4x sin 3x
1 1 (d) 6x tan (x + p)[x sec2 (x + p) + tan (x + p)]
2. 2 , –1
2 5
3(2 x + 1)cos x –6sin x
1 27  (e)
3.  ,–  min, (1, 0) pt. of inflexion (2 x + 1)2
4 128 
(f) sin 2 x – 2(2  +  x )cos 2 x
1 1
4. –13 5. 78 sin 2  2 x
2 8
2
6. 150 m × 300 m 7. 6.51 cm (g)
(sin x  + cos x )2
8. 5 4 4
40 2x ( 40 – 2 x )2 5. (a) – 2 cos
9. r= – , A = x2 + ; 11.2 min x x
π π π 3 3
10. 70.71 km/h (b) sin
x2 x
64 5 5
11. h = (ii) 2.68 min (c) – sec2
x2 x2 x
12. (i) y = 60 – 2x 1 1
240 60
(d) 12x sin 3x2 cos 3x2 – sin
(iii) x = + 3 x2 x
13 13 (e) 6 sec3 3x sin 3x
1440π
13. (i) A = 14πx2 + (f) –9 cot (3x + p) cosec (3x + p)
x
(ii) 3.72 (g) –12 sin (3x − π)
 π  π
14. h = 10.0, r = 4.43 (h) 24 sin  4 x +  sec4  4 x + 
2 2
15. 9.27 km
2
16. r = 8, V = 682 π cm 3
3
3 3
17. A =
2
( )
54 − 12 x + x 2 , , x = 6, A = 27 3 cm 2

18. (ii) 15, $24 000

19. 12 noon

NSAM 534 Answers to Exercises

 5
e x 5e x
6. (a) pq (cos px – sin qx) 4. (a) (b) –
2 x x2
(b) (a + b) cos x – bx sin x
1 1
a a a (c) – (d) ex –
(c) sin – cos 2 ex ex
x x x
5. (a) xex(x + 2) (b) ex(cos x – sin x)
(d) 3p tan2 ( px + q) sec2 (px + q)
p cos qx cos px  +  q sin px sin qx (c) e (2 cos 2x + sin 2x) (d) –2ex sin x
x

(e)  1  1
cos2  qx (e) xesin x  x cos x  + 1 (f) e–x – x e–x
2 2 x
m tan px cos mx – p sin mx sec 2 px
(f) ex ex
tan 2 px (g) 2xe–x (1 – x2)
2
(h) –
x 2 x3
7. –3.28 8. – 4.99
6. 5
9. –3.78 10. h = 8, k = 6
2 cos 2 x – 3sin 2 x
11. a + b = 8 12. p = 2, q = 3 7.
e 3x + 1
cos x – x sin x – x cos x
Exercise 13B 8.
ex
2
1 3x
1. (a) (b)
x–5 x3 – 3 Exercise 13D
2( x – 1) 10
(c) (d)
x( x – 2) 5x – 1 1. 2y = 10x + 5 3 – 5 π
1 3
6
(e) (f) π
2x + 5 2(1 + x ) 10y + 2x = 25 3 +
3
1 2
(g) – (h) 2. –3 sin x – 5 cos x, 2.11, min
x 5 – 2x
3. 2, y = 2x – 2
1
2. (a) –tan x (b) 4. y = 2x + 1
sin x cos x
3 5
5. (4, 0)
1 2
(c) – (d) – 6. 1.39 units/s
2( 3x – 1) 2x + 1 3x 3(5 x + 4 )
 –1 1  1 2
3. 1 7. (a)  e 2 ,–  (b)  ,– 
2e  e e
4. (a) 3x + 6x ln 5x
8. (i) 4 (ii) 4y + x = 8
(1 + x 2 )3
(b) + 6x(1 + x2)2 ln x π
x 9. + 3
6
1 – lnx
(c) 3 3 –3 3
x2 10. 0, ,
16 16
1
(d) 11. – 0.520
x– x
12. –3 units/s
5. (a) x + 2x ln x (b) 2x2 + 6x2 ln x π  π 
13. 3 cos x – 6 cos3 x,  ,–1 max,  ,– 2  min,
1 1 – lnx 2  4
(c) 2x2 + + 6x2 ln x (d)
x 5x2  3π 
 ,– 2  min.
6. 0.307, 4 4
π
1 2 15. 2e–x cos x, , max.
7. (a) (b) 2
xln10 (2 x  +  3)ln 5
16. –54.0 units/month, –1.17 units/month
cot x 3x 2
(c) (d) 3 3
ln a
3
( x + 1)ln a  17. (i) (ii)
3x + 1 7
2x 6x2 + 7
(e) (f) (iii) 0
x2 + 2 2x3 + 7x
18. 4 Watts/s
(g) –2 tan 2x (h) tan x 2 1
19. 2ex – 3x(2x2 – 3x + 1), <x<1
2
9. –0.009 00 20. (i) 28.3 g (ii) 29.2
(iii) 0.593 g/day
Exercise 13C 1 12
21. − 3
3454 1727
1. (a) 5ex (b) 3e3x + 1 22. 1.08, max
(c) – 4e– 4x (d)
2
2x ex + 7 23. (i) 50(2q + sin 2q) (ii) 15 cm2/s
3
2. (a) cos x esin x (b) –2 sin 2x ecos 2x 4 kr
25. –
(c) 4 sec2 x e4 tan x 5
(d) 3(cos x + sin x)esin x – cos x
3. (a) (b)
2 2+x
(2px + q)e px + qx er

NSAM 535 Answers to Exercises

Review Exercise 13 Chapter 13 — Challenge Yourself

1. (a) 2p – 2p sin px (b) 2 cos 2x 3. a = –2, b = 4, c = 2

(c) 3 sin (6x – 2) (d) – 4 sin x cos3 x
2 1 1 5 Revision Exercise E1
(e) tan x sec2 x (f)
3 3 3 5x – 2 9x + 2 3x 2
4x 1. (a) (b)
(g) (h) 4 cot 4x 2 x 2 x3 + 2
2x2 + 3
sec 2 x 3tan x
(i) 6e2x + e3 + x (c) cos x + cos 2x (d) –
3x + 1 ( 3 x + 1)2
12 3 – 4x 7 7x– 3
1 – 12 2
(j) – e + e2 2
(e) 20e4x – e
x
(f)
5 2 2 cos 2 x
2. (a) –3 sin 3x sin2 x + sin 2x cos 3x 16
2. (1, 1) 3. cm/s
(b) cos3 x sin4 x (5 cos2 x – 4 sin2 x) 15π
 π 1 π 
x cos x – 2 sin x 4.  ,  max,  , − 1 min
(c) 6 8 2
x3 5. A = 3, B = –1, C = 2
1 6. a = 2, b = 0
(d) sin x + cos x ln 5x
x
1
6x2 7. (a) 2 (b) – (b – c)2
(e) + 6x ln (2x – 5) 4
2x – 5 8. AB = 40 m, BC = 120 m
(f) ex(cos 3x – 3 sin 3x)
(g) x2e2x(2x + 3) + 2e4x(4x + 1) Revision Exercise E2
(h) e4x(sec2 x + 4 tan x)
4
12 x 3 5  2    3 3
(i) + 6x ln (2x2 + 3) 1. (a) – (b) 5  2 x –   4 x + 2 
2x2 + 3 ( x – 3)2 x x
(j) e3x sin3 2x (8 cos 2x + 3 sin 2x) (c) (x2 + x) sec2 x + (2x + 1) tan x
3y = 2x + 3 – 2 π
2 x sin 2 x – 2 x 2 cos 2 x
3. (d)
3 sin 2 2 x
6y + 9x = 2 3 + 3p (e) 2e4x[cos (2x + 3) + 2 sin (2x + 3)]
 1  5 1
5. (a) (2, 0) (b)  ,ln  (f) 2 –
2 4 x
3 π 3
6. – unit/s 2. 3 y + 2x = +
10 3 2
1
3 3 3 3 3. –1 cm3/s
7. max y = , min y = – 2
4 4 1   1 
4 sin x –1 4.  , 6  min,  – ,– 6 max
8. (i) (ii) 0.253 or 2.89 3 3
(sin x – 4 )2
5. a = 2, b = – 4, c = 0
9. (1 + 6 , ln (2 6 + 2)), min 7. ex (cos 2x – 2 sin 2x); –ex(3 cos 2x + 4 sin 2x)
1 (i) – 4.81 (ii) 14.4
11. 2 2 , ln2 , min
4 3
8. y=9– x; x = 4.22, A = 19.0 cm2
12. x = 1.02 or 2.59 2
13. (3, 0), 6y + x = 3
Exercise 14A
–3sin x –cos x
14. , 2.82 or 5.96 1 6 2 2
3
e2 x 1. (a) x +c (b) x +c
5 6 9
15. x < 6 3
2
6 1
(c) – +c (d) x +c
10 x 7 3x 2 5
16. , 1 units/s
5x2 – 4 8 3 4 8 3
2. (a) x – x 2 + 3x + c
4 3
17. (i) $128 247.47 (ii) $9090.91/year
4
18. (i) 21 sin q cm2, 2.5x sin q cm2 (b) 2x3 + +c
x
π
(ii) , 21 cm2 1
2 (c) 5x – 2 x – +c
2x2
(iii) 2 15
1 2 5
π (d) x – +c
19. , max 4 2x
6
1
20. (i) 0.0808% (ii) – 0.0120%/h 3. 30
6
(iii) 0.0920%
3πh 2
21. V = , 12, min
h– 6

NSAM 536 Answers to Exercises

 15 85 Exercise 14C
4. (a) x +c
16
2 1
(b) –
9
+
3
–
1
+c 1. (a) sin 3x + cos 5x + c
5x 3 5
5x2 15 x 3
1 2 x
(c)
9 23
x 3 +
3 83
x +c (b) x + 2 sin + c
46 16 2 2
1
(d)
1 3 12 52
x –
9
x + x2 + c (c) 4 tan x +c
3 5 2 2
1
(e) x –
2 23
x +c (d) sin (3x − 2) + c
3 3
7
(f)
3 53 1
x + 4x + 12x 3 + c (e) − cos (5 x − 3) + c
5 5
(f) tan x + c
2 3 7
5. y= x + x2 2. y = sin x – cos x + 2
3 2
6. A = 2r2 + 7r + 3 1
3. y=x+ cos 2x + 1
7. s = t3 – 7t + 6 2
1 11 π
8.
4
5y = 4x 3 + 16 4. y=x+ sin 2x + –
4 4 4
4 2 3x
9. y=x+ +3 5. (a) 2 x – cos +c
x 3 2
10. (i) 4 (ii) y = 2x2 + 3x – 8 1 1
(b) – – tan 3x + c
 3 1 x 3
(iii)  – ,–9 
4 8 1 1
(c) sin 3x − tan 4 x + c
11. $4000 3 4

Exercise 14B 3 1
(d) tan x + x + c
4 2
3
1 2
1. (a) (3x – 7)5 + c (b) (5x + 1) 2 + c  πx π 
(e) – 4 cos  –  + c
15 15 4 4
5
2 1
(c) (5x – 6)5 + c (d) (2x + 7) 2 + c   π
(f) sin  πx –  + c
25 5 2
10 3
(e) – 2 – 7x + c (f) +c 6. (a)
2q
tan
px
+c
7 2 5 – 4x
p q
16 3
(g) − +c (h) +c (b)
1
sin( px − q ) + c
9(3x − 1)3 16(5 − 2 x )2 p
1 31
2. y = (2x + 1)4 + (c)
1
tan( px + q ) − x + c
8 8 p
3
20 1
3. y= – (7 – 2x) 2 1
(d) p tan x − qx 2 + c
3 3
2
3
2
4. m= (3t + 6) 2 + 6994 7. y = tan x − x +
3π
–1
9
4
5
5. (a) 6 x – 5 + c, x > x 13
6 8. y = 2 tan + 3
10 7
2 3
4 2 3
(b) (3x + 4) + (3x + 4) 2 + c, x > −
2
1 π 1 3 1
21 9 3 9.

sin  10 x –  − sin 2 x + x − x 2 + c
1 10  2 4 2 2
6. (a) ( px + q)6 + c 4
6p
10.
( px + q )m + 1 3
(b) +c
p( m + 1) x
11. y = +2
m 1 +  m cos x
(c) ( px + q) m + c
p( m + 1)
Exercise 14D
( p m x – q 2 )m + 1
(d) +c 1
p m ( m + 1) 1. (a) 2x + 3 ln x + c (b) 4x + 4 ln x – +c
x
1
(c) ln (3x – 7) + c (d) –ln (5 – x) + c
3 x
2. (a) 3ex + c (b) 8e 2 + c
1 1 2x + 7
(c) – +c (d) e +c
5e x 2

NSAM 537 Answers to Exercises

 5 2x + p 1 4x Review Exercise 14
3. (a) e +c (b) e – e2x + x + c
2 4
1 2 1
(c) –2e–x – 1 +
1 2x – 1
e +c 1. (a) t – +c
2 t
2
1 2
(d) –
1 1
+ e2x + c (b) – – 3 +c
9x 4
t 3t
1
4. (a) 3x + 5 ln x + c (b)
1 2
x + 2 ln x + c
(c) (2 x + 9)6 + c
12
2
5
9 5 π 2
(c) 4 x + 12 ln x − +c (d) ln x − +c (d) (5x – 7) 2 + c
x 2 2x 25
16 3 14
(e) 9 x − 24 ln x − +c (f) − ln (4 − 5 x ) + c (e) – 2 – 3x +c
x 5 3
4 3 1 7
5. (a) x + 4 ln x − 3 + c (b) 2 ln (x − 2) + c (f) – cos 2x + c
3 3x 2
3 x 1 9 2
(c) (d) e + 6 x −
x
e − x +c +c (g) sin(7 x + 5) + c
2 2e ex 7
1 3x + 1
2. (a) e +c
Exercise 14E 3
4x 5 2x + 3
1. x 3x + 1 + c 2. +c (b) e +c
3x + 4 2
1 (c) e3x – 4ex + c
3. x 3x 2 + 7 + c
4 1 3
(d) x + ex + c
6x 14 x 4 4
4. ( 3x – 2 x 2 )3
; +c
3 3x – 2 x 2 3 1
(e) − + ln x + c
2x 2
5. 5x + 10x ln x; 2x ln x – x + c
2 2

25 10 1
3 2x (f) ln x − x + x2 + c
6. 10xe2x – 3e2x; e (2 x − 1) + c 3 3 6
4
2
1 3x (g) ln (3x − 4) + c
7. e (sin 3x + cos 3x) + c 3
6
(h) –2e–x – 3 + e3x – 3 + c
1
8. 6x + sin 2x + c 3. (i) 4 (ii) y = 2x2 – 3x – 3
2
3sin x
4. y=x –x +3
2 4

9. +c 2 3
7(1 + cos x ) 5. y= x + 3x 2 + 4 x + 5
3
1
10. sin 2x + c 1
6 6. y = 2x + +2
x
7
11. 6 cos2 x – 3; (sin x cos x + x) + c 7. 1.10 units
2
1 3x
12.
3
–
5
, 2 ln (x + 2) –
5
ln (2x – 3) + c 8. y= (e – 4)
x+2 2x – 3 3 3
4 4 2x – 3
13.
6
–
3
+
3
; ln
2x + 3
– +c 9. +c
( x – 1)2 5 5( x – 1) 4 4x + 3
2x + 3 x –1 x –1
2x
10. cot x, 3 ln sin x + c
14. (i) 2 1 2
x +3 11. 3x + 6x ln 4x, x (2 ln 4x – 1) + c
6 3x 1 4
(ii) − , ln(2 x + 5) − ln( x 2 + 3) + c 6x
2x + 5 x2 + 3 2 12. (i)
1 9 3x 2 + 5
15. cos 3x – cos x + c 1 7x 1 7
4 4 (ii) + , ln (2 x − 3) + ln(3x 2 + 5) + c
2 x − 3 3x 2 + 5 2 6
5
16. 6 tan2 x sec2 x; tan3 x + 5 tan x + c
3
Chapter 14 − Challenge Yourself

24 x 2 27
1. (i) (ii) ln (8x3­ – 27) + c
8 x 3 − 27 24
4
2. – +c
3(1 + 2 x )3
1 5
3. y = x 3 − ln x +
3 3

NSAM 538 Answers to Exercises

Exercise 15A Exercise 15C

1. (a) 50 (b) −2 1  3π 
1. (a) 21 units2 (b) 2.72 units2 (c)  + 1 units2
3 2
1
2. (a) 194.4 (b) 272 2. (a) 5.21 units2 (b) 0.386 units2 (c) 2.51 units2
7
1 2 3. 9 units2
(c) (d) 18
6 3
2 2 1
(e) (f) 2 4. 10 units2 5. 68 units2
3 3 3
1 1 2
1 1 6. , m
(g) –3 (h) –61 2 2
15 2
3 1 1
(i) – (j) – 7. 1 units2
7 6 3
(k) –1 9. 8.79 units2
2
3. (a) –10 (b) 4  π π 
3 10. (i) 2 sec2  2 x –  (ii)  – 1 units
2
4 2
1
(c) 37 (d) 8 11. (i) Q(1, 1 + e2), R(0, 2) (ii) 4.19 units2; 4.19 units2
3
12. 17
8 4
(e) (f)
55 9
Exercise 15D
π2 2 –1
4. (a) +1 (b) 2 1
4 2 1. 10 units2 2. (1, 0), (–2, –3), 4 units2
π 3 2
(c) 2 2 (d) 3 –1–  1
12 3. (i) P(0, 15), Q(3, 9), R  7 , 0 

2 3 1 2
(e) (f) (ii) 12 : 13
3 3
1
1 2 4. (a) (2 – 2 ) units2 (b) ( 2 – 1) units2
5. (a) 3(e 3 – 1) (b) (e – 1)
6 7
5. (ii) units2
1 1 3 12
(c) 1 – (d) (e – 1)
e 3 1
6. (i) P(0, 4), Q(3, 3) (ii) 6 units2
(e) 5 – 5e–4 (f) 2 – 2e–4 6
6. (a) 73.89 (b) 2.09 7. (i) P(4, 8), Q(6, 0) (ii) 8 : 19
(c) 4.70 (d) 4.64 8. 22.1 units2 9. 1
1
units2
(e) 11.67 (f) 51.88 4
7. (a) 8.05 (b) 0.46 Review Exercise 15
(c) 0.47 (d) 3.30 1
(e) 11.48 (f) 21.48 1. (a) 3 (b)
2
1 (c) 34.1 (d) 66.0
8. W =
2
(
k x22 − x12 )
(e) 14.5 (f) 0.332
1 3π
9. ln 2 2. 4 or 6 3.
π
or
2 2 2
4. 2 6. 0.305 units2
Exercise 15B
2
7. 2 units2
5 2 3
1. 1 2.
9 3 x 2
8. (i) + ln (2 + x) (ii) 1 –
π 1 2+x 2+x
3. +
4 2 (iii) 7.621 units2
1 2 1
4. (i) + (ii) 2.71 9. (i) P(4, 2), Q(2, 8) (ii) 9 units2
x –1 x–3 3
π 5 1
5. 4.47 6. (iii) –2 – 10. 2 – ; 0.562 11. (p – 2)
2 x+3 8
3x 3 + 4 x 2 – 4 x + 1 3
7. (i) cos x – x sin x (ii) 1 12. ;1 13. 62
4 x5 – 4 x4 + x3 8
3
8. 4p + 3
2 Chapter 15 — Challenge Yourself
π e2 x
9. (iii) 10. ; 53.6 1
3 x 1. units2
6
11. 6xe3x + 2e3x; 4.57 12. x – 3 + 2x ln x; 7.34 2. 44.9 units2
13. 4 cos 4x – 2 sin 4x

NSAM 539 Answers to Exercises

Exercise 16A Review Exercise 16

1. (i) 11 s (ii) 452 cm 1. (i) v = 3t2 – 20t + 25, a = 6t – 20

(iii) 131 cm (iv) 2 cm s–2 (ii) 5 m (iii) 5
2. (i) v = 6t – 6t – 12, a = 12t – 6
2
2 1
(iv) 1 or 5 (v) 37 m
1 3 27
(ii) 2 (iii) –13 m s–1
2 1 1
2. b = –24, c = ; –22 m s–1, 3 m s–2
3. (i) 0.243 s 2 2
3 2 9 2 1 13
(ii) 2 – m s–1, − m s–2 3. (i) t1 = 2 , t2 = 7 (ii) 38 m
2 2 2 24
4. (i) 5 m s–1 (ii) 4 s, 45 m s–1 11
(iii) 68 m (iv) 9 m s–2
(iii) 100 m 12
5. (i) V = k sin 2t, a = 2k cos 2t 4. (i) 40 m s–1 (ii) 80 m
π π (iii) ±36 m s–1
(ii) (a) 0, , p (b)
2 4 5. (i) –2.94 m s–2 (ii) 5.42 m
6. (i) 24 s, –576 cm s –1
(ii) 2048 cm 6. (i) 2e2 m s–1 (ii) 28.2 m
7. (i) 4 m (ii) 3 m s–1
7. (i) 1 h (ii) –1.11 km h–2
(iii) –6 5 m s–2 (iv) 4.72 m
8. (i) 1.61 s (ii) –2 m s–2 8. (i) 4 (ii) 1.51 m
7 10
9. (i) 0.405 s (ii) –177 m s–2 9. (i) m s–1 (iii) 5 m
9 27
10.
π
s 10. V = kn sec nt; a = 2kn tan nt sec2 nt
2 2

8
Chapter 16 — Challenge Yourself
2
11. (i) ln 3 m (ii) m s–1
13 1. (ii) 39 m
πt πt πt
12. (i)
1
or 1 (ii) 0 < t <
1
or t > 1 2. v = 2 cos − sin ,
3 3 6 3 6
1 π 2t πt 2π πt
(iii) <t<1 a=− cos − sin
3 18 6 3 6
13. v = 2 cos t – sin t, a = –2 sin t – cos t Revision Exercise F1
π 1
1. (a) 24 (b) +
Exercise 16B 4 2
(c) 4.49
1 1
1. (i) s = t3 + t2 + t 2. 17
3 3
2 2 3. y = x2 – x; (0, 0) or (1, 0)
(ii) (a) 8 m (b) 71 m
3 3 39 2 33
1 4. y= x – x+4
2. (i) 16 cm s –1
(ii) 25 cm 8 4
2
1 5. (i) A(1, 8), B(1, 0), C(3, 0)
3. (i) 66 (ii) 64 cm 1
3 (ii) 13 units2
1 1 3
4. (i) 8 m s–1 (ii) 14 m 6. (i) 12 cm s−1, 16 cm (ii) 0 cm s−1, 16 cm
2 6
2 2
5. (i) 10 m (ii) 6 s 7. (i) 35 m (ii) 16 m s−2
3 3
6. (i) 4t + 1 – 10k (ii) 2 Revision Exercise F2
3 –1
(iii) 0 < t < 2.5 or t > 7 (iv) 2.5 or 7 1. (a) 53 (b)
2 3 19 2 4
(v) s = t − t + 35t 2. 4
3 2
π 
7. (i) – 4  v  12 (ii)  + 2 3 − 4  m 3. (i) a = 9, b = 16 (b) y = 9x +
16
– 10
3
x
4
8. (i) p (ii) 9.02 m 1
3 4. y = x2 – 5x + 4; 4 units2
2
9. (i) 120 m s –2
(ii) 270 m
5. (i) 108 m s−1 (ii) 4 m s−1; 12 m s−2
10. (i) 0.408 (ii) 17.9 m
6. (i) 0 < t < 5 (ii) 7.5 s
(iii) 24.4 m s–1
(iii) 250 m
11. h = –2, k = 12
1 1
12. (i) 7 m s–1 (ii) 8 7. 83 m, 15 s, –37 m s−1
3 2
(iii) 0.496 cm s–2 (iv) 31.50 m

NSAM 540 Answers to Exercises

NOTES
NOTES
NOTES
NOTES
 New Syllabus Additional Mathematics (NSAM) is an MOE-approved
textbook which includes valuable learning experiences to engage the
hearts and minds of students sitting for the GCE O-level examination
in Additional Mathematics. It covers the MOE Syllabus for Additional
Mathematics implemented from 2013.
SPECIAL FEATURES
• Chapter Opener to arouse students’ interest and curiosity
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• Investigation, Class Discussion, Thinking Time and Journal Writing

New Syllabus ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS 9th Edition

for students to develop requisite skills, knowledge and attitudes
• Worked Examples to show students the application of concepts
• Practise Now for immediate practice
New Syllabus ADDITIONAL
• Similar Questions for teachers to choose questions that require
similar application of concepts
• Exercise classified into Basic, Intermediate and Advanced to
MATHEMATICS
evaluate students’ level of understanding
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• Review Exercise to consolidate the learning of concepts
• Challenge Yourself to challenge high-ability students
• Revision Exercises to help students assess their learning after
every few chapters
9th
Edition

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ISBN 978 981 237 499 8

Consultant • Dr Yeap Ban Har

Authors • Joseph Yeo
Teh Keng Seng
Loh Cheng Yee
Ivy Chow