UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING &

TECHNOLOGY, LAHORE

NAME: Muhmood Muhammad Umar

REG-NUMBER: 2021-ME-76
SECTION: ME-B
DEPARTMENT: MECHANICAL
SUBMITTED TO: SIR RASHID SAJID
SUBMISSION DATE: 21/10/2023
Table of Contents:
Objective:...................................................................................................................................3
Apparatus:..................................................................................................................................3
Introduction:...............................................................................................................................3
Types of balancing:................................................................................................................3
1. Static balancing:..........................................................................................................3
2. Dynamic balancing:.....................................................................................................3
Methodology:.............................................................................................................................4
Procedure:..............................................................................................................................4
Conclusion:................................................................................................................................5
Experiment # 01:
Equations:...................................................................................................................................6
Experiment # 02:
Equations:...................................................................................................................................7
Experiment # 03:
Equations:...................................................................................................................................8
Experiment # 04:
Equations:.................................................................................................................................10
Experiment # 05:
Equations:.................................................................................................................................12
Experiment # 06:
Equations:.................................................................................................................................14

List of Tables:
Table 1:......................................................................................................................................6
Table 2:......................................................................................................................................7
Table 3:......................................................................................................................................8
Table 4:....................................................................................................................................10
Table 5:....................................................................................................................................12
Table 6:....................................................................................................................................14

2
 Experiments # 1 to 6
Objective:
 To understand how the balancing machine and its planes work.
 To learn and understand the hands-on approach to distributing masses.

Apparatus:
 Different calibrated weights
 Balancing machine
 Axle and Nuts
 Power supply

Figure 1. Setup of balancing machine

Introduction:
We will talk about machine misbalancing and how it affects the operation of the device. A
variety of techniques are employed to analyze and determine the misbalancing. After that,
please advise us on how to get rid of them. We will add balancing weights in our lab using a
conservative manner that we will determine through calculations. We learn that the machine
is balanced and exhibits no deflection after adding balancing weight.
In the mechanical industries, machine balancing is a technique used to eliminate and adjust
inertial forces and moments. The components must be correctly balanced for the process to
run smoothly. In items like wheels, shafts, and couplings with modest axial radii, balancing is
relatively simple. Unbalanced equipment produces sounds, vibrations, and fractures that can
be dangerous.
Types of balancing:
There are two types of balancing:
1. Static balancing:
Static balance occurs when the centre of gravity of an object is on the axis of rotation. This
allows the object to remain stationary, with the axis horizontal, without the application of any
braking force. Static balance does not tend to rotate due to the force of gravity.
In our basic system, a disc and a shaft are positioned on horizontal rails. We gently use force
to roll the disc onto the rails, assuming that the shaft is completely straight. Use the chalk to
indicate where it finishes. executing the identical process two or three times. A dispersed set
of chalk marks indicates that the disc is in static equilibrium; otherwise, it is not.
2. Dynamic balancing:
We must verify the balance of an object that is spinning or in motion when performing
dynamic balancing. We must set the inertial force and subsequent moments to zero in order to

3
accomplish this. We are mostly concerned with inertia. An object should be in static balance
when it satisfies all the requirements for dynamic balancing.
This apparatus has to be set up like the figure given above. An electric motor has a frame
attached to it. Four wheels are mounted on a shaft on bush bearings for each of the four
planes. These wheels have slots carved into them at various radii for putting weights, and
angle readings are etched into them for measuring angles. With the arrangement shown
above, we can position both disturbing and non-disturbing masses at the desired angles. Four
springs are supporting the frame vertically, and they can vibrate in the event of an imbalance.
A belt is used to carry motion from the motor to the shaft. Wheels move as a result of shaft
movement because of the prior setup.

Practical applications:
o Balancing of Crankshaft.
o Balancing of wheels of the car.
o Balancing services for drive shafts.
o Balancing services for flywheels.

Methodology:
Procedure:
 Firstly, we have to decide the disturbing masses and their radius and in which plane
they have to be put.
 After this, we have to do calculations to find balancing masses and their angles as
derived below.
 To verify our calculations, we need a balancing machine.
 For a single plane and the same radius, we set disturbing mass at the given angle and
also, balancing mass and its angle (which were derived) in the same plane at the same
radius.
 After all the things are set according to our requirements, we switch on the machine.
We notice there is some disturbance in the vertical direction which is due to vertical
springs. But the horizontal direction shows no movements. Hence, it is balanced.
 Similarly, for a single plane and a different radius, we set disturbing mass at a given
angle and also, balancing mass and its angle (which were derived in the same plane at
different radii.
 Again, after all things, set up. Switch on the machine and see for any horizontal
disturbance. If there is not, it is balanced.
 For two disturbing masses balanced by a single balancing mass in a single plane at
same radius, we set up disturbing masses at a given angle and also, balancing mass at
its angle (which were derived) in the same plane and at the same radius.
 Now, switch on the machine and check for horizontal disturbance. As you see, there is
no horizontal disturbance, hence it is balanced.
 For two disturbing masses balanced by a single balancing mass in a single plane at
different radii, we setup disturbing masses at a given angle at different radii and also,

4
 balancing mass at its angle (which were derived) in the same plane and at the given
radius.
 Now, switch on the machine and check for horizontal disturbance. As you see, there is
no horizontal disturbance, hence it is balanced.
 Repeat the procedure for three disturbing masses at the same radii and three
disturbing masses at different radii. As you see, there will be no disturbance, hence
balancing is done.
 We have only taken a single plane until now. Now, we take different planes and the
same radii for two different disturbing masses and balance them with a single
balancing mass which will be at different planes respective to disturbing masses.
 You see that after switching on the machine, there will be no horizontal disturbance,
Hence, it is balanced.

Conclusion:
In order to counterbalance the masses, we added weight. We can now see that there is a small
vertical disturbance brought on by spring, but no horizontal disturbance. The machine is
balanced since there are no horizontal disturbances present.

5
 Experiment # 01
To balance a single disturbing mass by a single balancing mass rotating at same radius and at
the same plane.

Equations:
md = Disturbing mass
rd = Radius of rotating of disturbing mass
mb = Balancing mass
rb = Radius of rotation of balancing mass
θd = Angle of the disturbing mass
θb = Angle of the balancing mass
The centrifugal force acting on the distributing mass:
2
F Cd =md r d ω
The centrifugal force due to balancing mass:
2
F C b=mb r b ω
F C d=F cb
2 2
md r d ω =mb r b ω
md r d =mb r b
0
θb =θd +180
Table 1:

Sr. # md θd rd md r d mb θb rb mb r b

(lb) (degrees) (in) (lb.in) (lb) (degrees) (in) (lb.in)

1 1.5 60 3 4.5 1.5 240 3 4.5

2 1.25 80 3 3.75 1.25 260 3 3.75

3 1 100 4 4 1 280 4 4

4 0.75 120 5 3.75 0.75 300 5 3.75

5 0.5 140 5 2.5 0.5 320 5 2.5

6
7
 Experiment # 02
To balance a single disturbing mass by a single balancing mass rotating at different radius in
the same plane.

Equations:
md = Disturbing mass
rd = Radius of rotating of disturbing mass
mb = Balancing mass
rb = Radius of rotation of balancing mass
θd = Angle of the disturbing mass
θb = Angle of the balancing mass
The centrifugal force acting on the distributing mass:
2
F Cd =md r d ω
The centrifugal force due to balancing mass:
2
F Cb=mb r b ω
F Cd =F cb
2 2
md r d ω =mb r b ω
md r d =mb r b
0
θb =θd +180
Table 2:

Sr. # md θd rd md r d mb θb rb mb r b

(lb) (degrees (in) (lb.in) (lb) (degrees) (in) (lb.in)

)

1 1 40 3 3 0.75 220 4 3

2 1.25 60 3 3.75 0.75 240 5 3.75

3 1.5 80 4 6 1.2 260 5 6

4 0.75 100 5 3.75 1.25 280 3 3.75

5 0.6 120 5 3 0.75 300 4 3

8
9
 Experiment # 03
To balance two disturbing masses rotating at same radius by a single balancing mass rotating
in the same plane.

Equations:
The centrifugal force due to mass:

2
F C 1=m1 r 1 ω
2
F C 2=m2 r 2 ω
2
F Cb=mb r b ω

Resultant centrifugal force for disturbing masses:

H = (𝑚1𝑟1 cos θ1 + 𝑚2𝑟2 cos θ2)𝜔2
V = (𝑚1𝑟1 sin θ1 + 𝑚2𝑟2 sin θ2)𝜔2

Magnitude of disturbing masses:

F C d= √ H 2 +V 2

Magnitude of balancing mass:

2
F Cb=mb r b ω

Resultant angle (θd) of the two disturbing masses:

−1 V
θd =tan ( )
H

Angle (θb) at which the balancing mass must be placed:

0
θb =θd +180

Table 3:

10
Sr. m1 r1 𝛉1 m2 r2 𝛉2 Fcd*ω2 𝛉d mb rb 𝛉b
#

(lb) (in) (degrees) (lb) (in) (degrees) (lbf) (degrees) (lb) (in) (degrees)

1 0.5 3 10 0.5 3 70 2.598 40 0.9 3 220

2 0.1 3 45 0.5 3 135 1.530 125 0.5 3 305

3 0.2 4 60 0.25 4 80 1.773 70 0.4 4 250

4 0.4 5 60 0.6 5 80 4.927 72 1 5 252

5 1 5 60 2 5 80 14.798 73 3 5 253

11
 Experiment # 04
To balance two disturbing masses rotating at different radii by a single balancing mass
rotating in the same plane.

Equations:
The centrifugal force due to mass:

2
F C 1=m1 r 1 ω
2
F C 2=m2 r 2 ω
2
F Cb=mb r b ω

Resultant centrifugal force for disturbing masses:

H = (𝑚1𝑟1 cos θ1 + 𝑚2𝑟2 cos θ2)𝜔2
V = (𝑚1𝑟1 sin θ1 + 𝑚2𝑟2 sin θ2)𝜔2

Magnitude of disturbing masses:

F Cd =√ H 2+V 2

Magnitude of balancing mass:

2
F Cb=mb r b ω

Resultant angle (θd) of the two disturbing masses:

−1 V
θd =tan ( )
H

Angle (θb) at which the balancing mass must be placed:

0
θb =θd +180

Table 4:

12
Sr. m1 r1 𝛉1 m2 r2 𝛉2 Fcd*ω2 𝛉d mb rb 𝛉b
#

(lb) (in) (degrees) (lb) (in) (degrees) (lbf) (degrees) (lb) (in) (degrees)

1 0.5 3 60 0.2 5 180 1.323 100 0.30 4 280

2 0.4 5 60 0.6 3 80 3.742 70 1.25 3 250

3 0.1 5 40 0.2 4 100 1.136 78 0.40 3 258

4 0.1 5 30 0.2 3 90 0.954 63 0.25 4 243

13
 Experiment # 05
To balance three disturbing masses by a single balancing mass rotating at same radii in the
same plane.

Equations:
The centrifugal force due to mass:

2
F C 1=m1 r 1 ω
2
F C 2=m2 r 2 ω
2
F C 3=m3 r 3 ω
2
F Cb=mb r b ω

Resultant centrifugal force for disturbing masses:

H = (𝑚1𝑟1 cos θ1 + 𝑚2𝑟2 cos θ2+ 𝑚3𝑟3 cos θ3)𝜔2
V = (𝑚1𝑟1 sin θ1 + 𝑚2𝑟2 sin θ2+ 𝑚3𝑟3 sin θ3)𝜔2

Magnitude of disturbing masses:

F Cd =√ H 2+V 2

Magnitude of balancing mass:

2
F Cb=mb r b ω

Resultant angle (θd) of the two disturbing masses:

−1 V
θd =tan ( )
H

Angle (θb) at which the balancing mass must be placed:

0
θb =θd +180

Table 5:

14
Sr. m1 r1 𝛉1 m2 r2 𝛉2 m3 r3 𝛉3 Fcd*ω2 𝛉d mb rb 𝛉b
#

(lb) (in) (⁰) (lb) (in) (⁰) (lb) (in) (⁰) (lbf) (⁰) (lb) (in) (⁰)

1 0.1 3 40 0.2 3 60 0.50 3 80 2.328 70 0.80 3 250

2 0.1 4 40 0.2 4 80 0.25 4 20 1.960 45 0.50 4 225

3 0.2 5 30 0.4 5 60 0.60 5 90 5.555 70 1.10 5 250

4 0.25 5 20 0.5 5 60 1.00 5 160 4.867 60 1.00 5 240

15
 Experiment # 06
To balance three disturbing masses rotating at different radii by a single balancing mass
rotating in the same plane.

Equations:
The centrifugal force due to mass:

2
F C 1=m1 r 1 ω
2
F C 2=m2 r 2 ω
2
F C 3=m3 r 3 ω
2
F Cb=mb r b ω

Resultant centrifugal force for disturbing masses:

H = (𝑚1𝑟1 cos θ1 + 𝑚2𝑟2 cos θ2+ 𝑚3𝑟3 cos θ3)𝜔2
V = (𝑚1𝑟1 sin θ1 + 𝑚2𝑟2 sin θ2+ 𝑚3𝑟3 sin θ3)𝜔2

Magnitude of disturbing masses:

F Cd =√ H 2+V 2

Magnitude of balancing mass:

2
F Cb=mb r b ω

Resultant angle (θd) of the two disturbing masses:

−1 V
θd =tan ( )
H

Angle (θb) at which the balancing mass must be placed:

0
θb =θd +180

Table 6:

16
Sr. # m1 r1 𝛉1 m2 r2 𝛉2 m3 r3 𝛉3 Fcd*ω2 𝛉d mb rb 𝛉b

(lb) (in) (⁰) (lb) (in) (⁰) (lb) (in) (⁰) (lbf) (⁰) (lb) (in) (⁰)

1 0.2 3 30 0.4 4 60 0.60 5 90 4.868 75 1.00 5 255

2 0.3 3 160 0.25 4 210 0.10 5 260 1.924 200 0.50 4 20

3 0.2 4 20 0.1 3 60 0.25 5 90 1.998 65 0.40 5 245

4 0.25 4 40 0.1 5 60 0.20 3 80 2.008 55 0.50 4 235

17