NAME: ADAM LUQMAN BIN RAHMAT

NO. MATRIC: 221541897

INTRODUCTION

Engine system means the engine, the emission control system and the communication interface
(hardware and messages) between the engine system electronic control units (ECU) and any other
powertrain or vehicle control unit.

REPORT

1.0 SPARK PLUG

-A spark plug is an electrical device that fits into the cylinder head of some internal combustion engines
and ignites compressed aerosol gasoline by means of an electric spark. There are few functions about
spark plug to ignite the air/fuel mixture. Electrical energy is transmitted through the spark plug, jumping
the gap in the plugs firing end if the voltage supplied to the plug is high enough. This electrical spark
ignites the gasoline/air mixture in the combustion chamber. To remove heat from the combustion
chamber.
1.1 PROBLEM HAPPEN TO SPARK PLUG

1.2 BROKEN SPARK PLUG

Driver that driving using fouled or bad spark plug condition can cause few problems to engine. Symptoms
a bad spark plug can include

-Reduce gas mileage

-Lack of acceleration
-Hard starts
-Engines misfires
-Rough idling

1.3 HOW TO REPLACE BROKEN SPARK PLUG

-Remove engine cover
-Loosen the bolt that hold the ignition coil
-Take out the ignition coil
-Use spark plug opener and take out the old spark plug
-Put new spark plug and tighten the spark plug carefully
 2.0 CYLINDER HEAD

-An engine cylinder head is an integral part of any internal combustion engine. One function of it is to
close the top of the combustion chamber. Bolted to the engine block’s top, the cylinder head’s gasket
seals off the combustion chamber. The spark plugs are usually in the cylinder head and ignite the air and
fuel mixture. The engine cylinder head has intake and exhaust runners, valves, oiling passages and
cooling passages. It also has rockers to open and close the valves, valve springs and may hold the
camshaft. The cylinder head function allows the engine to breathe the air it needs for combustion and
expel the exhaust gasses.

2.1 PROBLEM HAPPEN TO CYLINDER HEAD

The most common reason for cylinder head failure is overheating caused by coolant loss, head
gasket failure or restricted flow of coolant. In extreme cases a cracked or damaged cylinder head
can result in terminal damage to the entire engine.

2.2 CRACK CYLINDER HEAD

2.3 HOW TO SOLVE CRACK CYLINDER HEAD

Most mechanics do not repair cylinder head cracks due the repair cost to high but there still some
other methods to repair the cylinder head such as

-Pinning cracks
-Welding techniques
 3.0 EXHAUST SYSTEM

The exhaust system collects the exhaust gases from the cylinders, removes harmful substances,
reduces the level of noise and discharges the purified exhaust gases at a suitable point of the
vehicle away from its occupants. The exhaust system can consist of one or two channels
depending on the engine. The flow resistance must be selected so that the exhaust backpressure
affects engine performance as little as possible. To ensure that the exhaust system functions
perfectly, it must be viewed as a whole and developed accordingly. This means that its
components must be coordinated by the design engineers in line with the specific vehicle and
engine.

3.1 PROBLEM HAPPEN TO EXHAUST SYSTEM

There are several problems that occur in the exhaust system such as

-Blocked catalytic converter

-Broken exhaust manifold gasket
-Strange smell
-Exhaust leaks
 3.2 EXHAUST SYSTEM PIPING RUSTY AND PERFORATED

3.3 HOW TO SOLVE EXHAUST SYSTEM PROBLEM

-There a few solutions to solve exhaust system by the conditions how to problem come such as

1. Wrap it with exhaust tape

An exhaust tape is an ideal solution if you are dealing with a larger hole. Wrap the tape around
the hole, making sure to extend a few inches on either side. Cover the hole with at least two
layers of tape for effective sealing. Since different exhaust tapes require different methods of
application, make sure to read the instructions beforehand. Some require you to heat the engine
first, while others need to be wet before application.

2. Cover the hole with an aluminum patch

You can use an aluminum patch to cover holes of any size. Once you examine the extent of the
damage, use a pair of heavy-duty scissors to cut a slightly larger aluminum patch. You may only
need to cut a small piece of aluminum for small holes. With larger areas, wrap the aluminum
around the pipe for effective sealing.

Cover the area around the leak with epoxy. Apply enough to seal the patch but not so much that it
drips into the exhaust pipe. Place the patch directly over the leak or wrap it around the exhaust
pipe, depending on the damage. Afterward, use a wooden dowel to apply epoxy along the edges
of the patch. If you wrap the patch all around the pipe, secure it on both ends with hose clamps.
RECOMMENDATIONS

1. SPARK PLUG

-Choose suitable spark plug for car

-Clean the spark plug and electrodes regularly
-Check the spark gap

2. CYLINDER HEAD

-Follow a good maintenance regimen

3. EXHAUST SYSTEM

-Fix leaks promptly

-Repair broken components within the exhaust system

REFERENCE

1. SPARK PLUG

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2tNsnfHe00M&ab_channel=EasyAutoFix

2. CYLINDER HEAD

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=10MXBnZN_4Y&t=3s&ab_channel=NithuE-Tech

3. EXHAUST SYSTEM

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e72Xkf_5VXo