Rocks and Minerals

Resources

Earth and Life

Science
a. describe the characteristic of
minerals and types of rocks ;
b. relate to the importance minerals
and rocks in the society; and
c. research about the importance of
minerals and rocks in the society.
 Minerals
- a solid substance with
a well-defined chemical
composition and a
specific crystal structure
that occurs naturally in
pure form.
Characteristics of Mineral
Properties of Mineral
Color
Properties of Mineral
Streak
Properties of Mineral
Hardness
 Properties of Mineral
Cleavage and Fracture
Properties of Mineral
Crystal Lattice
Properties of Mineral
Diaphaneity
Properties of Mineral
Tenacity
 Rocks
- is a solid, cohesive,
natural aggregate
of one or more
minerals
Igneous Rocks
– from the Latin ignis, which means “fire”
- are formed by the solidification of magma or lava

Crystalline Structure
Classification
Crystalline Structure
Classification
▪ Aphanitic
▪ Phaneritic
▪ Porphyritic
▪ Glassy
▪ Pyroclastic
 Sedimentary Rocks
– are formed at the Earth’s surface by compaction and
cementation of layers of sediment.

Clastic Sedimentary Rock

Chemical Sedimentary Rock
Bioclastic Sedimentary Rock
 Clastic
Sedimentary
Rock
Chemical Sedimentary Rock
Bioclastic Sedimentary Rock
 Metamorphic Rocks
– are formed from older, preexisting rocks that are
transformed in Earth’s interior by high temperature, high
pressure, or both – without melting.

Metamorphism – is the process by which the structure,

mineral content, or both of rock is changed while the rock
remains solid.

Two Major Groups of Metamorphic Rocks

Two Major Groups of Metamorphic Rocks

Foliated Metamorphic Non-foliated Metamorphic

Rocks Rocks
Types of Metamorphism
 Rock Cycle
- is a series of events through which rock changes over time
between igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic forms.

James Hutton (1726-1797)

Do you have any
questions and/or
clarifications?
 Bye.
See you next
Meeting.