Chapter 3

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CITY COLLEGE OF CALAMBA

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATICS


Bachelor of Science in Information Technology

Chapter 3

METHODOLOGY

The chapter aims to provide an in-depth overview of the methods and techniques

the researchers utilized to collect and evaluate the data for their study. This chapter's goal

is to give readers a comprehension of the research's methodology, data gathering, and

analytic methods, and how these methods assisted in the study's accomplishment. The

chapter will go through the many methodologies, including surveys, interviews,

experiments, and other techniques, that are used to gather and process data. It will cover

the different tools and technologies used to obtain and analyze data in addition to giving

an overview of the statistical and analytical techniques used to derive conclusions and

inferences from the data. cover the various tools and technologies used to gather and

analyze data.

3.1 Research Design

The main objective of the study is to developed and implement the effectiveness of the

Tisoy’s Fish Farms Sales and Inventory Management System. The researchers will use

descriptive research design to assess the nature of the study and the system development.

Descriptive research, on the other hand, is a type of research that is mainly concerned

with describing the nature or condition and the degree of detail of the present situation.

This method is used to describe the nature of a situation as it exists at the time of the
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study and to explore the cause(s) of a particular

phenomenon. The aim of descriptive research is to obtain an accurate profile of people,

events, or situations. The researchers used this kind of research to obtain first hand data

from the respondents so as to formulate rational and sound conclusions and

recommendations for the study. The descriptive approach is quick and practical in terms

of the financial aspect. Furthermore, the researchers will use the quantitative research as

it serves as a valuable tool in the field of business, which is helpful for market strategies

and for Tisoy’s Fish Farms to make better decisions regarding their products and

services.

3.1.1 Research Locale

The study was carried out at the Brgy. Purok 7 Gulod in the City of Cabuyao,

Laguna where the Tisoy Fish Farm is. The farm was chosen by the researchers to help

and aid them in their business and improve their expansion as they merely have a

Facebook page on social media.


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Figure 3-1. Geographical Location of Tisoy’s Fish Farms

3.1.2 Population of the Study/ Sampling Design

The study population is a collection of people connected to one another in

some way. This study considers the target audience when estimating the number of

respondents required for the system development process. To gather the study's data, the

researchers used clustering. It is the business staff of Tisoy's Fish Farms target audience

because they will be the ones who benefit from the study.

Table 3-1 Population of the Study

RESPONDENTS POPULATION

CUSTOMER 10

STAFF 3

ADMIN 2

TOTAL 15

Table 3-1. Shows the study's respondents; a total of 15 respondents were included,

including 10 customers, 3 staff members and 2 administrators. The researchers applied a

total enumeration method, which implies that all members of the population were

included as respondents. This strategy ensured that the study included the whole
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population of Tisoy’s Fish Farms customers, staff members and administrators.

It is crucial to include customers, administrators and staff members as responses

to get a range of viewpoints and recommendations. About their daily interactions and

activities at Tisoy's Fish Farms, employees offer firsthand information

and insights. On the other hand, administrators offer perspectives on the section's

strategic decision-making, management procedures, and general operation.

The total enumeration data will enable the researchers to develop an extensive

understanding of the challenges and opportunities that exist within the Tisoy's Fish

Farms. The results will contribute to improving the system's efficacy, efficiency, and

overall performance, which will be advantageous to both staff members and

administrators in their respective roles.

3.1.3 Data Gathering Tools

Data gathering tools, also known as data collection tools or data acquisition tools,

refer to software or technologies used to collect, retrieve, and organize data from various

sources. These tools are designed to streamline the process of collecting data and make it

easier to analyze and utilize for various purposes. Here are some common types of data

gathering tools: Interviews: To gather data and information from Tisoy’s Fish Farms

owner to identify problems and needed, the proponent conducted an interview and visit

client’s business location.

Survey Questionnaire. The researchers also used a survey questionnaire, which had
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written questions for customers, management and staff to respond to. These tools may be

incredibly beneficial for researching system operations and for evaluating transactions.

Observation: Observation may assist in learning more about a situation and providing

a more accurate solution. To develop a remedy that may address the issue, the proponent

carefully evaluates and analyzes the Tisoy’s Fish Farms Sales and Inventory

Management System.

Document Review: Documentation that consisted of more than mostly conversation

transcripts and other talk-related examples. One approach to gathering information was to

analyze already published documents. They offer instructions for creating and organizing

the system.

3.1.4 Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers will follow a structured approach to conduct data gathering

procedures using interviews and surveys to collect information about sales and inventory

management systems. The first step is to define the research objectives clearly, outlining

the specific data they want to collect regarding the sales and inventory management

system. Next, they will identify the target audience, consisting of individuals with

relevant knowledge and experience in the system, such as sales managers, inventory

managers, and employees responsible for data entry. Then, they will develop interview

and survey questions that align with the research objectives, ensuring clarity, conciseness,
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and relevance. Prior to the actual data collection, ad mister test will be performed on a

small group of participants to validate the effectiveness of the questions and address any

issues or ambiguities. Once the questions are finalized, they will recruit participants,

explaining the purpose and importance of their participation, assuring confidentiality if

necessary, and obtaining informed consent. Interviews will be conducted either face-to-

face or remotely, using the prepared questions as a guide but allowing for follow-up

questions to explore relevant details. Notes or recordings will be taken (with participant

consent) to ensure accurate documentation. Surveys will be distributed electronically or

on paper, with clear instructions and a set deadline for submission.

Online survey tools may be used for ease of data collection and analysis.

After collecting the interview and survey responses, the researchers will analyze the data

to identify patterns, trends, and key insights. Qualitative analysis techniques, such as

thematic coding, will be used for interview responses, while quantitative analysis using

statistical methods will be applied to survey data. The findings from the data analysis will

be interpreted in relation to the research objectives, summarizing key findings,

highlighting significant trends or challenges, and drawing conclusions. A comprehensive

report will be prepared, including visualizations, quotes, and recommendations if

applicable. If necessary, a follow-up round of interviews or surveys may be conducted to

clarify or validate specific findings or address any data gaps. Throughout the process,

ethical considerations will be adhered to, ensuring participant privacy and anonymity,

and obtaining necessary permissions or approvals from relevant parties within the

organization.
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3.1.5 Data Analysis Plan

After collecting all the necessary data, the researchers proceeded on analyzing the

data. In order to give a precise answer to the problems that the client is facing, the

researchers created a precise plan on where the collected data will be used and what are the

data gathering tools that are needed to be used in order to solve the specific problem of the

client. This also served as a guide to the researchers in developing the system.

Table 3-2 Data Analysis Plan of Sales and Inventory Management System for

Tisoy’s Fish Farms

STATEMENT OF THE DATA SOURCES OF TYPE OF

PROBLEM GATHERING DATA DATA

What are the existing Interview, Information Quantitative

process that the client Observation, gathered from the Analysis

currently using in terms Document Sales and Inventory

of: review Management

A. Data Recording System for Tisoy’s

B. Data Sorting Fish Farms.

C. Data Monitoring

D. Data Updating

What are the problems Interview, Information Quantitative

encountered on the Document gathered from the Analysis

existing process at review Sales and Inventory


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Tisoy’s Fish Farms? Management

System for Tisoy’s

Fish Farms.

What is the current Interview, Information Quantitative

process of Tisoy’s Fish Observation, gathered from the Analysis

Farms be enhanced to Document Sales and Inventory

effectively record daily review Management

business transactions, System for Tisoy’s

generate accurate report Fish Farms.

and be notified when the

stock is low?

How can the Tisoy’s Fish Information

Farms manual process be gathered from the

automated to reduce Interview, Sales and Inventory Quantitative

inaccurate record, can Observation, Management Analysis

generate real-time report Document System for Tisoy’s

and helps to maintain and review Fish Farms.

improved the

performance of the

business?

How can the proposed Interview, Transcript of Quantitative

system be measured in Questionnaire Interview


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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATICS
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terms of: Analysis

1.Usability

2.Functionality

3.Efficiency

4.Reliability

5.Maintainability

Table 3-2 refers to a table that outlines the data analysis strategy for a research

study. This table is an important tool that helps researchers to plan and organize their data

analysis process in a structured and systematic way. By using this table, researchers can

ensure that their data analysis strategy is well thought out, comprehensive, and relevant to

their research question. It also helps them to stay organized and on track as they move

through the data analysis process, making it easier to obtain meaningful results from their

studies.

3.1.5.1 Statistical Treatment

After collecting the data, they were sorted, categorized, organized, and compared.
Statistical methods such as frequency distribution, percentage, ordinal scale, and weighted
mean were employed to address the research questions. The researcher will use special
statistical tools, including a scale with four digits when assessing the collected information
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and data. These statistics relate to the study carried out by respondents on their views on a
developed system. To help the proponents in interpreting the data, the Likert Scale was
used so that the numerical value be given descriptive value which aided the proponents to
arrive at a valid or reliable interpretation.

3.1.5.2 Four-Point Rating Scale

The researcher utilized Verbal Interpretation to interpret the results of the

questionnaire responses. This is required to provide uniformity in the interpretation of the

weighted mean results of the respondents.

Table 3-3 Verbal Interpretation of the Four-Point Scale

VALUE RANGE

INTERPRETATION

4 3.26-4.00 Strongly

Agree

3 2.51-3.25

Agree

2 1.76 - 2.50 Strongly

Disagree
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1 1.00 - 1.75

Disagree

Table 3.3. shows the Four-Point Rating Scale interpretation. Weight, Mean Value,

and Verbal Interpretation include in all three columns. The first column, the Weight

Range from 1 to 4, corresponds to the second column, the Verbal Interpretation, which

specifies whether each question is Strongly Agree, Agree, Disagree, or Strongly

Disagree. The Mean Value is the average scale of answers to each inquiry. To obtain the

questionnaire evaluation results, the researchers employed the formula for Arithmetic

Mean as depicted below.

SA( 4)+ A(3)+ D(2)+ SD(1)


Weighted Mean=
N
Where: N = Total number of respondents;

Weighted Mean
Average Weighted Mean=
Total no . of questions /statement

3.2 Software Development Methodology

Agile was used as a software development methodology to make the system

sequential and to check the usability of the system and to further improve the

development of the system. Considering it was compatible with the developed system
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and sought user input, which aided in the development of the system, the researchers

chose this technique. With this strategy, the system's capabilities, including the login and

logout procedure, will be shown before moving on to show the inventory and do other

jobs. The diagram below shows the actual agile method.

Figure 3-2. Agile Development

Figure 3-2 shows the actual methodology that is applied during the development

of the study, which is the use of Agile methodology. The Agile methodology fits in the

development system, because it achieves the phases that needs to be done in improving

the system for the client, especially the Phase 6 which is Feedback.

PHASE 1: REQUIREMENTS PLANNING

The Gantt Chart is a visual tool that the researchers use to plan and arrange the
stages involved in creating the system during the Planning phase. Agile software
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development began by obtaining risk-related insights throughout project development so
that the researchers might understand potential dangers earlier and avoid their extinction.
The researchers collect and record specific system requirements throughout the planning
phase. As it lays the groundwork for all upcoming stages, this phase is essential to the
project's success. The team visited Tisoy’s Fish Farms in Brgy. Gulod Purok 7 Cabuyao
City, Laguna to acquire information and data.

The proponents and the owner of Tisoys’s Fish Farms collaborated throughout this
phase to identify the issue, develop potential remedies, and translate these into
specifications
for how the system ought to function. The proponents are taking part in the creation of a
set of blueprints that will direct the development of the entire system.

The researchers were able to present an analysis of possible futures as well as a

plan for the amount of time and labor needed to finish the project. The researchers and

the client talk about how to implement the developed solution. It covers the Tisoy’s Fish

Farms existing flow chart, hardware and software requirements, and a Gantt chart plan

outlining the researchers' and developers' as well as the client's aims for the ongoing

system development.

Gantt Chart

A Gantt chart is a project management tool that depicts a project's timetable,


according to Meardon (n.d). It typically has two sections: a list of tasks on the left and a
timetable with scheduling bars that reflect progress on the right. Because it visually
displays information about the timelines and completion of numerous activities over the
course of a period, As is a valuable planning tool. It makes it easier for the researchers to
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manage their workload and finish each activity in the allowed time. The Gantt chart will
also serve as a guide for time management for researchers to use throughout the full
system development process, from early conceptualization to final assessment.

Table 3-4 Gantt Chart

Table 3-4 shows the Gantt chart that discusses the project timeline. The Gantt
chart provides an outline of the researchers' activities, from data collecting to system
installation. The chart showed how much time was allotted in the weeks and months that
followed for each step of the system's development, indicating the researchers' efforts.
The chart served as a useful tool for project management since it allowed the researchers
to monitor their progress, allocate resources wisely, and make the necessary
modifications to guarantee that the project was completed in the intended amount of time.
The researchers split up their activities to create a more manageable burden and ensure
that the documentation was finished concurrently with the system development.
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PHASE 1.2: HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

This section details the minimum hardware and software requirements for running

and developing the system. The Sales and Inventory Management System for Tisoy’s

Fish Farms requires internet access and can be accessed using any type of Apache Web

Server. The minimal hardware and software requirements are listed in the tables below.

Table 3-5 Hardware Requirements of Tisoy’s Fish Farms Sales and

Inventory Management System

SPECIFICATIONS
HARDWARE RESOURCES

Processor AMD Ryzen 3 3250U with Radeon Graphics,

2600 Mhz, 2 Core(s), 4 Logical Processor(s)

RAM
Recommended at least 4GB or Higher

Hard Disk Drive


Recommended 500GB

Internet Any internet connection

Table 3-5 contains all the minimum hardware specifications of the developer

desktop needed for the system to run successfully. The researchers have created a list of

the basic requirements that the hardware must meet before including it in the actual

implementation of the system. The system is a web- based which means any good and

working computer can be used to access the system online.


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Table 3-6 Software Requirements of Tisoy’s Fish Farms Sales and

Inventory Management System

SPECIFICATIONS
SOFTWARE RESOURCES

Operating System Windows 7/8/9/10

System Application PHP v7.0

Web Browser Google chrome, Microsoft edge and any web

browser

Database (Back-

end) Mysql

Table 3.6 shows the minimum levels and requirements for the software

specifications of developer desktop the shelter management system to function properly.

Before you begin implementing your system, you must ensure that it has all the hardware

and software resources identified and described above. Successful system operation

depends on the availability of all these resources in their final form.

Phase 1.3: Flowchart Existing Process

This section contains a flowchart of the current Tisoy’s Fish Farms workflow. It

was a necessary tool for researchers to visualize an entity's current process. This helped
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the researchers in identifying potential future improvements to their current approach.

Figure 3-3 Flow Chart of Existing Tisoy’s Fish Farms

Figure 3-3 show a flowchart of the Tisoy’s Fish Farms current procedure.

Through charts that showed the current method used by the department as a whole, it was
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intended to demonstrate the data flow.

Phase 2. Design

During this phase, the researchers designed the features that will be implemented

into the system meet the client's specifications. Researchers always include client ideas

while creating a system since clients are the system's end users and researchers want

clients to have a better experience using the system. The system's design is arranged in

accordance with client needs, and it is focused on resolving problems encountered by

clients in order to reduce the pressure that comes from their work.

Figure 3-4 Flow Chart of Tisoy’s Fish Farms Sales and Inventory

Management System
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Figure 3-4 depicts level one of the DFD, representing the data flow inside the

system. The admin, who can manage the system. The staff, who can view the products

availability, order list and manage the mode of payment, for admin to receive or confirm

the payment of the customer.

Phase 2.1: Architectural Design

Architectural design is a process for identifying the sub-systems making up a system and

the framework for sub-system control and communication. The output of this design

process is a description of the software architecture. Architectural design is an early stage

of the system design process. It represents the link between specification and design

processes and is often carried out in parallel with some specification activities.

Figure 3-5 Architectural Design

Figure 3-5 shows the flow of

data typically involves the admin and staff interacting with the application through their

web browsers. The web server receives the requests, processes them, and communicates

with the database to retrieve or modify data as needed. The admin interface provides an

additional layer of functionality for privileged users to manage the user account and

generate reports. The staff interface allows to add, edit and delete.
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Phase 2.2: Context Diagram

A context diagram depicts the system as a center entity surrounded by external

elements. Arrows are used to represent the flow of data or information between the

system and the user. Context diagram's objective is to demonstrate the system's limits and

scope. It aids in identifying the interfaces and interactions between the system and its

environment without digging into the system's fundamental details. The diagram gives a

high-level view, allowing users to comprehend the broad context of the system as well as

its relationships with external entities.

Figure 3-6. Context Diagram

Figure 3-6 illustration of the context diagram for the “Tisoy’s Fish Farms Sales and

Inventory Management System” is a figure depicts two-way arrows between the "Staff"

and the "System" to show that the staff can interact with the system. The "Admin" account
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is same as the staff account but has privilege to generate report and view the staff and user

information.

The arrows represent the transmission of information, commands, and data between

various entities.

Phase 2.3: Data Flow Diagram it indicates how data enters the system from external

sources. It is a data flow diagram within a web portal system that provided a deeper

breakdown of the components showed in the Context Level Diagram. The sequence of

data transfers is determined by system operations.

Figure 3-7 Data Flow Diagram for Admin Level-0

Figure 3-7 depicts the admin data flow in the web-portal system. To navigate the

system, admin users must successfully log in. The admin account has the capacity to
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update the list of staff and client users. The functions also included document review

and uploading. For admin accounts, the system can generate reports.

Figure 3-8. Data Flow Diagram for Staff Level-0.


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Figure 3.8 shows staff data flow in the Sales and Inventory Management System.

After staff logged in, they can now manage the sales and after that they can add sales,

however they can also see the sales report for managing and monitoring the inventory.

Implementation and Testing Plan

This strategy will allow the test cases to be created as input conditions that fully

implement all the functional requirements of the system program. This testing will detect

errors in the following groups. Missing or incorrect functions Interface errors Permanent

errors Error in external database access or data structure Initialization and termination
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errors. This method of testing will allow only the input to be checked for accuracy while

the logical flow of data is not checked.

Phase 2.4: Hierarchical Input Process Output

The hierarchical IPO model is a framework where input is the initial data or

information provided to the system. This input is then processed through related

procedures, resulting in output that serves as input for subsequent processes in the

hierarchy. This hierarchical relationship ensures a sequential flow of data processing,

with each process building upon the results of the previous ones. This model is

commonly used to illustrate how information and data flow through a system or process,

enabling a better understanding of how inputs are transformed into meaningful outputs

through distinct processing stages. By offering a clear and organized representation of

input, process, and output components, the hierarchical IPO model facilitates the study,

design, and optimization of systems or processes. Organizations can leverage this model

to gain insights into how inputs are handled, identify bottlenecks or inefficiencies, and

make informed decisions to enhance the overall output and performance of the system.

Additionally, it provides a visual framework to comprehend the connections and

dependencies between input, process, and output, aiding in the management and

optimization of systems and processes.


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Figure 3-9 Hierarchical Input Process Output for Admin of Tisoy’s

Fish Farms Sales and Inventory Management System

Figure 3-9 demonstrate the activities conducted and the results achieved within an

administrative context. By highlighting the interdependencies and connections among

different administrative tasks and operations, it aims to offer a structured and coordinated

approach for fulfilling administrative responsibilities.


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Figure 3-10 Hierarchical Input Process Output for Sales and Inventory

Management System Staff.

Figure 3-10 illustrates the hierarchical IPO model applied to staff members, where the

input component comprises assigned tasks or responsibilities. The hierarchical nature of

the IPO model indicates that the outputs generated by staff members' work can serve as

inputs for subsequent processes, such as review or decision by administrators.


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Phase 2.4: System Architecture

This phase of the research process, there comes a stage where researchers are

ready to present the graphical user interface (GUI) of a system. This phase follows the

identification of the essential components in the system's architecture. By establishing the

sales and inventory management, components, and functionalities, the researchers have

completed a crucial aspect of the system design. This information provides a solid

foundation for the system's development. The demonstration of the system's GUI holds

significant importance in the research process as it facilitates understanding of the

system's various modules and components for both the researchers and their audience.

The GUI serves as a visual representation of the system, simplifying the comprehension

of how the different parts interact and function collectively.

This provides non-experts in the field with a way to visualize the system and

understand its components without getting lost in technical details, which can be highly

beneficial for them. The graphical user interface (GUI) presentation of the system can

provide valuable insights into its usability and user-friendliness. By allowing users to

interact with the system through the GUI, researchers can gather valuable feedback on

how to enhance the system to better meet user needs and preferences. Additionally, the

GUI demonstration can assist with system maintenance, troubleshooting, and user

acceptance testing. A well-designed GUI enables system administrators to quickly

identify and resolve any issues, while also providing a clear and user-friendly interface

for exploring the system and identifying areas that require attention or improvement.
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In conclusion, the presentation of the graphical user interface (GUI) in the

research process marks a significant milestone in system design and development. The

GUI serves as a visual representation of the system, simplifying understanding and

facilitating communication between researchers and their audience. It allows non-experts

to grasp the system's components and interactions without delving into technical

complexities.

Phase 2.5: Proposed Screen Layout

This section provides an overview of the layout and design of the user interface.

The figures below illustrate the screen designs of the system.

Figure 3-11 Login Page

Figure 3-11 shows the Login Page of the website. This page is where the user will

Sign in if they have an existing account and the user will create an account with their Full

Name, Email Address, contact number, and Password to have an existing account for

accessing products on the website.


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Figure 3-12 Home Page
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Figure 3-12 shows the admin’s Home Page. This page is the main page that users

see when they visit the website. It contains P.O.S, inventory, sales, product, users

account, user activity and transaction about Tisoy’s Fish Farms.

Figure 3-13 P.O.S and Cart Page

Figure 3-13 show the P.O.S and Cart Page of the system. This page is where the
users can see their shopping cart with the image of product and name together with the
quantity and price of the products, shipping charge, and overall total before proceeding to
the checkout process.

Figure 3-14 Sales Page


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Figure 3-14 show the sales page of the system. This page is where the user or
admin can see their sales by weekly or monthly transaction.

Figure 3-15 Product Page


Figure 3-15 show the product page of the system. This page is where the user or
admin can add their product.

Figure 3-16 Transaction Page


Figure 3-16 show the transaction page of the system. This page is where the user
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can see the daily, monthly or yearly transaction of their business.

Figure 3-17 Staff Page


Figure 3-17 show the staff page of the system. This page is where the staff only
have P.O.S and transaction.
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