 

‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٨ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬  •
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٩W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫• א‬
Power Point‫א‬ •
 
 K٢ J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٨ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

  ١ J٢
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(R-L)(R)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KVm
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
- ٢٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٨ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٢
 
  The Half-Wave Rectifier‫א‬‫א‬١ J٣ J٢
K
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٢F
 K(load) ‫א‬‫א‬‫( א‬ac voltage source)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬(ideal diode)‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٢FKE٢ J٢F

- ٢٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٨ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 
 
 
Vi RL
 
 
 K‫א‬ J  
 
 
+
 
I Vo
+
Vi
RL 0
 
t0 t2
0 t1
t0 t1 t2  
 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 
+  
I=0A Vo
 
Vi
0 t0 t1 t2 RL 0 t0 t1  t2 t2
+
 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 
Vo  
0 t0 t1 t2  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J  
K ‫א‬‫א‬ E١ J٢)   

- ٢٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٨ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،(dc voltmeter)‫א‬
(peak value)‫א‬‫א‬KE٢ J٢F،2π
‫א‬‫א‬(average value)‫א‬‫א‬Vm ‫א‬
 W‫א‬Vave
Vm
Vave = E١ J٢F
π
 
Vm
 
Vave
Area  
0
2π
 
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E٢ J٢F 
 
 W١ J٢
 KVm=50 V‫א‬(Vave)‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬
Vm 50
Vave = = = 15.9V
π 3.14

 
 Full-Wave RectifiersE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٣ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  KE٣ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٨ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 
 
0V Vin ‫ﻤﻭﺤﺩ‬ Vout 0V
 

K E٣ J٢F   

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Vave)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬

2Vm
Vave = E٢ J٢F
π
‫א‬‫א‬KE٤ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬D1 , D2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬D1 ,D2 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬D4,D3
 KE٤ J٢F‫א‬
‫א‬D2,D1 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
D3 ,D4‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬D4,D3‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٤ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬
 
+
I D1 Vo  
V D3
0 0  
t0 t1 t2 t0 t1 t2
D2 +  
RL Vo
D4
-  

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٨ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 

 

I D1  
V Vo
D3
0 0  
t0 t1 t2 t0 t1 t2
D2 +  
RL Vo
D4
-  
+
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J  
 K‫א‬‫א‬ E٤ J٢ F   
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤ J٢F 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ (D3,D4 D1,D2 )‫א‬
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

Vo = V2 − 2VB E٣ J٢F

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ VB = 0‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬VB = 0.7VW
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٢

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٤ J٢
  Single-Phase Half-Wave Controlled Rectifiers with a resistive load
.R‫א‬E٥ J٢F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ERF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٥ J٢F‫א‬EtoF‫א‬

- ٢٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٨ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬EVoF‫א‬EtoF‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬EωtZπF'R'‫א‬
'R'‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KEF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦ J٢F‫א‬t = to+2π‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬'vT' ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬'io'‫א‬'vo'E‫א‬F
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
⎧0 , 0 < t < t0
⎪
V0 = ⎨Vm sin ωt , t 0 < t < π / ω E٤ J٢F
⎪0 , π / w < t < 2π / ω
⎩
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬to0‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬α ‫א‬‫א‬ωto‫א‬‫א‬to‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Kγ‫א‬‫א‬πωto‫א‬

 
 K'R'‫א‬E٥ J٢F‫א‬
        

- ٣٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٨ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٦ J٢F‫א‬
 WE٥ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
=
V m
.(1 + cos α ) (٥-٢)
V o ( avg )
2π
K‫א‬‫א‬α،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Vm
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

=
V 0 ( avg )
E٦ J٢F
I o ( avg )
R
 
 J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE٢٠
α sin 2α
V = V m . (1 − + ) (٧-٢)
o ( rms )
2 π 2π
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
I α sin 2α
I = m
. (1 − + ) E٨ J٢F
o ( rms )
2 π 2π
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E α F‫א‬‫א‬E α F‫א‬
 K‫א‬E α F‫א‬‫א‬
- ٣١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٨ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬(Vdo)‫א‬‫א‬
 WVdoE٥ J٢F‫א‬E α Z0F

V =Vm E٩ J٢F

do
π
‫א‬‫א‬Vo‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬'P'‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬'pf'‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬'S'‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
P
PF = E١٠ J٢F
S
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
PF = I R rms
E١١ J٢F
V s

 W٢ J٢
150 V‫א‬‫א‬
 W،30o'α'‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K10 Ω60 Hz
K'Im'‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K'Vo(avg)'‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K'Io(avg)'‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K'Io(rms)'‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K'PL'‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K'γ'‫א‬‫א‬  J
 K'PF'‫א‬‫א‬  J
 W‫א‬
 'Vm'‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
V m
= V s 2 = 150 2 = 212 V
 ‘Im’‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٨ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

212
I =Vm = = 21.2 A
m
R 10
 ‘Vo(avg)’‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
212
V = V m .(1 + cos α ) = .(1 + cos 300 ) = 63 V
o ( avg )
2π 2π
 ‘Io(avg)’‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
=
V o ( avg )
=
63
= 6 .3 A
I o ( avg )
R 10
 ‘Io(rms)'‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J

I α sin 2α 21.2 30 π sin 60o

QI o( rms ) = m
. (1 − + )= . 1− . + = 10.45 A
2 π 2π 2 π 180 2π
 'PL'‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
2
P L
= I rms
R = 10.452.10 = 1092 W
 'R''γ'‫א‬‫א‬  J
γ = 180 o − α = 180 o − 30 o = 150 o
'PF'‫א‬‫א‬  J
1 α sin 2α
Q PF = .(1 − + )
2 π 2π
1 30 π sin 60
∴ PF = .(1 − . + ) = 0.7 Lag.
2 π 180 2π

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٤ J٢
 Single-Phase Half-Wave Controlled Rectifiers with an Inductive Load 'R-L'
‫א‬E٧ J٢F‫א‬
'vo'‫א‬'vs' ‫א‬‫א‬E٨ J٢F‫א‬‘R-L’
 K'vT'‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬'io'‫א‬

- ٣٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٨ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 
 K'R-L'‫א‬E٧ J٢F‫א‬
‫א‬KE٨ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬
’α’ ‫א‬EF 'Vs'‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬'β'‫א‬‫א‬
180o‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K(Extinction angle)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K180o‫א‬'β'‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
'vT' ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Kπ < ωt < β‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬α < ωt <β ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٢٣ J٢F
 ‫א‬‫א‬'R'

 K

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٨ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٨ J٢F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE٨ J٢F

V = V m .(cosα − cos β ) E١٢ J٢F

o ( avg )
2π
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

=
V o ( avg )
= V m .(cosα − cos β ) E١٣ J٢F
I o ( avg )
R 2πR
 W ‫א‬‫א‬' β'‫א‬‫א‬
α −β )
(
sin( β − α ) = sin(α − φ ).e tan φ

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٨ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 W
 ‫א‬‫א‬α
 K ⎛⎜⎜ Φ = tan −1 ⎛⎜ ωL ⎞⎟ ⎞⎟⎟ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Φ
⎝ ⎝ R ⎠⎠

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W'α'‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W'β'‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W'γ'‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٤ J٢

Single Phase Full-Wave Controlled Rectifiers

 Resistive Load ‫א‬‫א‬١ J٣ J٤ J٢

‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬E١٠ J٢F‫א‬
٤‫א‬‫א‬.‘R’ ‘Vs‘‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 
 K 'R'‫א‬‫א‬E١٠ J٢F‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٨ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٠ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‘α’‫א‬T4‫א‬T1‫א‬KE١١ J٢F
‫א‬‫א‬‘0 ≤ ωt ≤ π’‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬T1,T4‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
vs‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‘Vo’‫א‬T4‫א‬‘R’‫א‬‫א‬T1‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‘R’‫א‬
‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬E
T2,T3‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬α+ π ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
T3  ‫א‬ ‘R’‫א‬‫א‬ T2 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ 180oT2,T3 ‫א‬‫א‬T4,T1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
T2 ‫א‬T4 ‫א‬T1‫א‬
‘vAK’ ‫א‬‫א‬T3  ‫א‬
‘is’‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‘io’‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬π‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬E١٠ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

V = V m .(1 + cosα ) E١٤ J٢F

o ( avg )
π

- ٣٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٨ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
=
V o ( avg )
= V m .(1 + cosα ) E١٥ J٢F
I o ( avg )
R πR
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬VsVm W

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١١ J٢F‫א‬
K 'R'

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE١٠ J٢F
α sin 2α
V = V m . (1 − + ) E١٦ J٢F
o ( rms )
2 π 2π
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
I α sin 2α
I = m
. (1 − + ) E١٧ J٢F
o ( rms )
2 π 2π
 
 

- ٣٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٨ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 W٣ J٢
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K10 Ω  ‘R’‫א‬‫א‬60 Hz150V‫א‬
 W،30o‫א‬
K‘Vo(avg)’‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K‘Io(avg)’‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K‘Im’‫א‬‫א‬  J
K'Io(rms)'‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K'PL'‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K'PF'‫א‬‫א‬  J
 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J

V = V m .(1 + cosα )
o ( avg )
π
150 2
∴V o ( avg ) = .(1 + cos 30o ) = 126  V
π
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
=
V o ( avg )
=
126
= 12.6 A
I o ( avg )
R 10
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
150 2
I =Vm = = 21.2 A
m
R 10
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
I α sin 2α 21.2 30 π sin 60o
I o( rms) = m
. (1 − + )= . 1− . + = 14.77 A
2 π 2π 2 π 180 2π
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 P L = I orms
2
R = 14.77 2.10 = 2182 W
‘Io(rms)’ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  J
‘Is’‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
2

PF = I I
R R
orms
= orms

V I s orms V s

- ٣٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٨ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

14.77.(10)
∴ PF = = 0.98 Lag.
150

 ‘R-L’‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٣ J٤ J٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٢ J٢F‫א‬
 K(R-L) 

 
 K 'R-L'‫א‬‫א‬E١٢ J٢F‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬  •
T1,T4 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 T2,T3‫א‬ ‫א‬ ωt = α‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٣ J٢F‫א‬ ωt = α + π‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬α‫א‬‫א‬K
‘vs’ 
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ T1,T4
 ωt = π ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬T4‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬T1  ‫א‬
R ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
vo‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬vs‫א‬
 ‘β’‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬T1, T4 ‫א‬
‫א‬π < ωt <β  ‫א‬‫א‬‘vo’‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‘L’‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٤٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٨ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

T2, T3 ‫א‬ E١٣ J٢F

 ‫א‬K‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ωt = π + α‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬T2 ‫א‬‘Vs’ 
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬T3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ωt = π + β‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‘ωL’‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٤ J٢F،E١٣ J٢F
‫א‬‫א‬E١٣ J٢F‫א‬
‘is’‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬180o
‘β’‫א‬‫א‬E١٤ J٢F‫א‬360o
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬π + α
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٣ J٢F‫א‬
 K 'R-L'
- ٤١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٨ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٤ J٢F‫א‬
K‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬E١٢ J٢F

V = V m .(cosα − cos β ) E١٨ J٢F

o ( avg )
π
 Vo(avg)/R I o ( avg ) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٢ J٢F
 W‫א‬
2
V = .V m cos α E١٩ J٢F
o ( avg )
π
 Vo(avg)/R I o ( avg ) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٢ J٢F‫א‬

I = V m .(cosα − cos β ) E٢٠ J٢F

o ( avg )
πR
- ٤٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٨ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٢ J٢F‫א‬
2
= . cosα E٢١ J٢F
I o ( avg )
πR V m
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٤ J٢F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 90o 0 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬180o 90o 
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬(rectifier)
K‫א‬

 W١٣ J٢
‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 60 Hz120V
 W،30o‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬.10 Ω ‫א‬‘ωL >> R’‫א‬
K’Vo(avg)’‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K'Io(avg)’‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K‘Im’‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K'Io(rms)'‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K‘IoTh’‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K'PL'‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‘PF’‫א‬‫א‬  J
 W‫א‬
 ‘Vm’‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
V m
= V s 2 = 120 2 = 170 V
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
2 2
V = .V m cosα = .170. cos 30o = 94 V
o ( avg )
π π
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
=
V o ( avg )
=
94
= 9 .6 A
I o ( avg )
R 10
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
- ٤٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٨ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

W‫א‬
I m
= I o ( avg )
= 9 .4 A

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
I orms
= I o ( avg )
= 9 .4 A

‫א‬‫א‬‘180o’  J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
1 9.4
I = I o ( avg )
= = 4.7 A
oTh
2 2
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
2
P L
= I orms
R = 9.42.10 = 883.3 W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
2
94
PF = I I
R R
orms
= orms
= = 0.78 Lag.
V I s orms V s
120

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬0.6366 Vm‫א‬
‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٥ J٢
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬E١٥ J٢F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
a‫א‬5π/6π/6‫א‬Da‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
b‫א‬Db‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬c‫א‬Dc‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٨ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬KE2π/3F120‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
3 3
V = V (٢٢ J٢F
dc 2π m
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Vm

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E١٥ J٢F‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٥ J٢

  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E١٦ J٢FK ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
  D1D2 , D2D3 , D3D4, D4D5, D5D6,D6D1

- ٤٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٨ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
3 3
V = Vm (٢٣ J٢F
dc π

 ‫א‬‫א‬E١٦ J٢F‫א‬

 Three phase controlled rectifiers‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦ J٢

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٤٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٨ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
 ‫א‬١ J٦ J٢
Three - phase half – wave controlled rectifier connected with a resistive load (R )
R‫א‬‫א‬E١٧ J٢F 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٨ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬io‫א‬vo‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬ α < 30 o ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ 30 o ≤ α ≤ 150 o ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬E١٧ J٢F‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬١ J١ J٦ J٢
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٧ J٢F‫א‬
. α < 30 o ‫ وﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﻴﻤﺔ زاوﻳﺔ اﻹﺷﻌﺎل واﻗﻌﺔ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻤ ﺪى‬α ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬120°E F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K
ωt ‫א‬Th2 ‫א‬ωt1 ‫א‬Th1
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ωt = 240o + ωt1‫א‬Th3= 120o + ωt1
‫א‬  Th1‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  E١٨ J٢F α ≤ ωt ≤ α + 120 o ‫א‬‫א‬
 α + 120 o ≤ ωt ≤ α + 240 o ‫א‬‫א‬Th2‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬α‫א‬‫א‬ α + 240 o ≤ ωt ≤ α + 360 o Th3‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٨ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬(ωt = 0) A‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (ωt ' )  ωt = 30°

120o‫א‬Th2‫א‬αTh1‫א‬EF
‫א‬ 120o‫א‬Th3‫א‬Th1‫א‬
120o‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Th2
E١٨ J٢FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
io‫א‬(iA, iB, iC) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬vo‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬α ‫א‬Th1 ‫א‬ 
‫א‬ E‫א‬F ‫א‬
 K360o‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬120o
‫א‬ α = 0 ‫א‬ Th1  E١٩ J٢F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (ωt ' )  ωt = 30° ‫א‬
 (vAN) A ‫א‬ 30° ≤ ωt ≤ 150° ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ Th1 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 Th3 Th2‫א‬‫א‬ vAN‫א‬ R‫א‬‫א‬
 Th2 ‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ωt = 150o‫א‬‫א‬ 150° ≤ ωt ≤ 270° ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬120o‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Th2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(vBN)B
‫א‬‫א‬    vBN ‫א‬  R ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ Th3 Th1
‫א‬  ωt = 270o‫א‬‫א‬ 270° ≤ ωt ≤ 390° ‫א‬‫א‬ Th3 ‫א‬
Th3‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(vCN)C‫א‬‫א‬
vCN‫א‬ R‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ Th2 Th1‫א‬‫א‬
ωt ‫א‬‫א‬Th1‫א‬360o‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K= 390o

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٨ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬  io‫א‬ vo‫א‬E١٨ J٢F‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬F Th1 ‫א‬ (α < 30°) 30° ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   EvB‫א‬  ‫א‬F Th2     ‫א‬   EvA
  120o   EvC‫א‬  ‫א‬F Th3      120o 
  io ‫א‬ vo‫א‬ Th2‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٩ J٢FE١٨ J٢F io ،vo
.α =0° ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  α < 30°‫א‬‫א‬
 I o (avg ) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Vo(avg)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٨ J٢F‫א‬
 K α < 30 o ‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٨ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E١٩ J٢F‫א‬
 Kα= 0‫א‬
 
3 3
Vo ( avg ) = Vm cos α = 0.827 Vm cos α E٢٤ J٢F
2π
Vo ( avg ) 3 3 V
I o ( avg ) = = Vm cos α = 0.827 m cos α E٢٥ J٢F
R 2πR R
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Vm
 ITh(avg) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE١٨ J٢FVTh(m)‫א‬
I o ( avg )
I Th ( avg ) = E٢٦ J٢F
3
VTh ( m ) = 3 Vm = VL ( m ) E٢٧ J٢F
 K(line voltage)‫א‬ VL (m) 
 
 W٥ J٢
208 V ‫א‬‫א‬
'α' ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K10 Ω‫א‬60 Hz(VL)
 W،20o
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٨ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 K'Im'‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K'Vo(avg)'‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K'Io(avg)'‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K'ITh (m)'‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K'ITh (avg)'‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K'vTh (m)'‫א‬ J
 
W‫א‬
VL 208
V phase = = =120 V
  3 3
V m = 2 V phase = 2 *120 = 170 V

  I m = Vm = 170 =17 A  J

R 10
Vo ( avg ) = 0.827 Vm cos α = 0.827 * 170 * cos 20 o =132 V  J
Vo ( avg ) 132
  I o( avg ) = = = 13.2 A   J
R 10
  I Th ( m) = I m =17 A   J
I o ( avg ) 13.2
  I Th ( avg ) = = = 4.4 A  J
3 3
  VTh ( m) = 3 Vm = VL ( m ) = 2 V L = 208 2 = 294V  J
 
 ‫א‬٢ J١ J٦ J٢
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
E٢٠ J٢F   . 30° ≤ α ≤ 150° ‫ وﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﻴﻤﺔ زاوﻳﺔ اﻹﺷﻌﺎل واﻗﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺪى‬α ‫א‬ ‫א‬
    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 W ‫א‬‫א‬     E٢٠ J٢F     
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 30° ≤ α ≤ 150° ‫א‬ α ‫א‬ Th1 ‫א‬ 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٨ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 ωt ' = 150 o ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬R‫א‬‫א‬VAN‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ Vo‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬Vo‫א‬ 30° ≤ α ≤ 150° 
 180° ≤ ωt ≤ α + 150°  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
   ‫א‬  Th1 ‫א‬  ‫א‬   (150 o ≤ ωt ' ≤ α + 120 o )
Th2‫א‬‫א‬ Th3 Th2Th1‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬  Th2  ‫א‬  (ωt ' = α + 120 o )  ωt = α + 150 o  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
VBN ‫א‬ R ‫א‬‫א‬ Th2 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ Th3  Th2
‫א‬‫א‬ (α + 120 o ≤ ωt ' ≤ 270 o ) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Th2Th1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 270 o ≤ ωt ' ≤ α + 240 o
 Th3  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  Th3
  ‫א‬  Th3  ‫א‬  (ωt ' = α + 240 o )  ωt = α + 270 o  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
VCN ‫א‬ R ‫א‬‫א‬ Th3 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ Th1  Th2
‫א‬   (α + 240 o ≤ ωt ' ≤ 270 o )  ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬  
Th1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 390 o ≤ ωt ' ≤ α + 360 o ‫א‬


   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬        Th3   Th2 
 KTh1
‫א‬    α ‫א‬ ‫א‬    Vo، io     
‫א‬ I o ( avg ) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Vo(avg)‫א‬‫א‬
 W (30° ≤ α ≤ 150°) 
3Vm
Vo ( avg ) = [1 + cos(α + 30°)]= 0.477 Vm [1 + cos(α + 30°)] E٢٨ J٢F
2π
Vo ( avg ) 0.477 Vm
I o ( avg ) = = [1 + cos(α + 30°)] E٢٩ J٢F
R R
 
 150° ≤ α ≤ 180° ‫א‬α‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٨ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٠ J٢F‫א‬
 K 30° ≤ α ≤ 150° ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٦ J٢
Three - phase full– wave bridge - controlled rectifier connected with a resistive load (R)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢١ J٢FK  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬R
 ‫א‬Th5Th3Th1‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٨ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

Th6Th4Th2‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬K360o60o
‫א‬‫א‬E
 ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(vL)‫א‬
KvBC‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Th2Th3‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 I o ( avg ) ‫א‬‫א‬ Vo ( avg )  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Kα‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢١ J٢F‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E
 ‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
‫א‬60o‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٨ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 


 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢١ J٢F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ α‫א‬‫א‬2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
VCN,VAN‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬α‫א‬‫א‬E٢٢ J٢F
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٢ J٢F‫א‬
WE٢٢ J٢F  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ α=0° ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬120°0°‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Th1‫א‬
1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ VAN ‫א‬
‫א‬Th3 ‫א‬ 240° 120°‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬A
Th5‫א‬360°  240°‫א‬‫א‬B1‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬C1‫א‬‫א‬
 KVCNVBNVAN‫א‬‫א‬v1N
 
v12 ‫ﺟﻬﺪ اﻟﺨﺮج‬ 2 ‫ﺟﻬﺪ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬ 1 ‫ﺟﻬﺪ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺘﺮة‬
AB B A 60 ‫ إﻟﻰ‬0o ‫ﻣﻦ‬
o

AC C A 120o ‫ إﻟﻰ‬60o ‫ﻣﻦ‬

BC C B 180o ‫ إﻟﻰ‬120o ‫ﻣﻦ‬
BA A B 240o ‫ إﻟﻰ‬180o ‫ﻣﻦ‬
CA A C 300o ‫ إﻟﻰ‬240o ‫ﻣﻦ‬
CB B C 360o ‫ إﻟﻰ‬300o ‫ﻣﻦ‬
AB B A 420o ‫ إﻟﻰ‬360o ‫ﻣﻦ‬
 E١ J٢F
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬Th4‫א‬2  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

A2‫א‬Th4‫א‬300°180°‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬Th6 ‫א‬ (60o) ‫ أو‬420° ‫ ﺣﺘ ﻰ‬300° ‫א‬‫א‬
Th2‫א‬180o60o‫א‬‫א‬ B2‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٨ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

(v2N) 2‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬C2  ‫א‬‫א‬
K v1N − v2 N (v12) vo ‫א‬ KVCNVBN VAN ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٢F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٢ J٢F‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬fr‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Kf‫א‬
‫א‬
120o ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ABC ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K240o
‫א‬ ‫א‬Th6, Th5, Th4, Th3, Th2, Th1‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 

 
‫א‬‫א‬E٢٢ J٢F‫א‬
Kα = 0o

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٨ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬ 
 0o‫א‬‫א‬(vTh1 = vA1)Th1 ‫א‬
120o   ‫א‬
 120o‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Th1 ‫א‬vA1
240o
vA1 360o240o‫א‬‫א‬B1‫א‬vA1 = vAB
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٢F‫א‬KC1‫א‬= vAC
K

vTh2 vTh6 vTh4 vTh5 vTh3 vTh1 ‫اﻟﻔﺘﺮة‬

CB 0 AB CA BA 0 60o ‫ إﻟﻰ‬0o ‫ﻣﻦ‬
0 BC AC CA BA 0 120o ‫ إﻟﻰ‬60o ‫ﻣﻦ‬
0 BC AC CB 0 AB 180o ‫ إﻟﻰ‬120o ‫ﻣﻦ‬
CA BA 0 CB 0 AB 240o ‫ إﻟﻰ‬180o ‫ﻣﻦ‬
CA BA 0 0 BC AC 300o ‫ إﻟﻰ‬240o ‫ﻣﻦ‬
CB 0 AB 0 BC Ac 360o ‫ إﻟﻰ‬300o ‫ﻣﻦ‬
 E٢ J٢F
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  vTh1 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  E٢٣ J٢F ‫א‬ 
‫א‬(VL(m))‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٢٣ J٢F(α =0o)‫א‬‫א‬α‫א‬‫א‬
120o0o‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٢٤ J٢F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE٢٣ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬iCiBiA‫א‬
⎧i A = i1 − i4
⎪
⎨i B = i3 − i6 E٣٠ J٢F
⎪i = i − i
⎩C 5 2

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٨ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

th

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬vTh1‫א‬‫א‬E٢٣ J٢F‫א‬
Kα = 0o‫א‬‫א‬
 

- ٥٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٨ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٤ J٢F‫א‬
 Kα = 0o
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬        0 o ≤ α ≤ 60 o

 K 60 o < α ≤120 o

       ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
 W 0 o ≤ α ≤ 60 o ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
3 3
Vo ( avg ) = Vm cos α = 1.654Vm cos α E٣١ J٢F
π
Vo ( avg ) 3 3 V
I o ( avg ) = = Vm cos α =1.654 m cos α E٣٢ J٢F
R πR R
.(Vphase (m))‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Vm
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W 60 o < α ≤ 120 o ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
3 3
Vo ( avg ) = Vm [1 + cos(α + 60 o )] = 1.654 Vm [1 + cos(α + 60 o )] E٣٣ J٢F
π
Vo ( avg ) Vm
I o ( avg ) = = 1.654 [1 + cos(α + 60 o )] E٣٤ J٢F
R R
 
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٨ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 W٦ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K10 Ω
 ‫א‬60 Hz(VL)208 V
 W،20oZ'α'‫א‬
 K'Im'‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K'Vo(avg)'‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K'Io(avg)'‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K'ITh (m)'‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K'ITh (avg)'‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K'vTh (m)'‫א‬ J
 
W‫א‬
 α = 20 o  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
  0 o ≤ α ≤ 60 o ‫א‬‫א‬
V L ( m ) = 2 VL = 208 2 = 294.15V
VL 208
  V phase = = =120 V
3 3
V m = 2 V phase = 2 *120 = 170V
VL ( m ) 294.15
  Im = = = 29.419 A   J
R 10
Vo ( avg ) = 1.654 Vm cos α =1.654 * 170 * cos 20 o = 264 V  J
Vo ( avg ) 264
  I o( avg ) = = = 26.4 A   J
R 10
  I Th ( m ) = I m = 29.419 A   J
I o ( avg ) 26.4
  I Th ( avg ) = = = 8.8 A   J
3 3
  VTh ( m) = 3 Vm = VL ( m ) = 2 VL = 208 2 = 294.15V   J
 
 
 
- ٦١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٨ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٧ J٢
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ UPS‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KE‫א‬‫א‬E٢٥ J٢F
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬β ‫א‬‫א‬α ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬Vs
 Wβ‫א‬‫א‬α
Vm sin α = E
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬α‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E
α = sin - 1
V
m
‫א‬β‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬Vs‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
β=π- α
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
v − E V sin ωt − E
i = s = m for α< ωt< β
L R R

F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬iL ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬
I
dc
=
1
2πR
(
2V cosα + 2 Eα − πE
m
)
 
 

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‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٨ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬EF

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬E٢٥ J٢F‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٨ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 W٨ J٢
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٢
 ‫؟‬‫א‬E٢٦ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٢
  
10V  
RL Vo  
Vi 0 47Ω
 
-10V  
()  
 
5V  
RL Vo
Vi 0 47Ω  
-5V  
EF  
 
E٢٦ J٢F
 
‫א‬'is'‫א‬'io'‫א‬'vo'‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٢
 :‫א‬
K'60°'‫א‬  J
K'60°'‫א‬  J

220V‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٢
 :'60°'‫א‬‫א‬K50 Ω60Hz
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬  J

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٨ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬٥ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬K60Hz220V‫א‬‫א‬
 WK'60°'‫א‬‫א‬20 Ω‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  J
  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
208 V ‫א‬‫א‬٦ J٢
 ‫א‬K10 Ω‫א‬60 Hz(VL)
 W،30o'α'‫א‬‫א‬
 K'Im'‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K'Vo(avg)'‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K'Io(avg)'‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬٧ J٢
 ‫א‬K10 Ω‫א‬60 Hz(VL)208 V ‫א‬
 W،60o'α'‫א‬‫א‬
 K'Im'‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K'Vo(avg)'‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K'Io(avg)'‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬10012‫א‬‫א‬E٢٥ J٢F٨ J٢
 W‫א‬2:1‫א‬120‫א‬٥‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J

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