The Particulate Theory of Matter Matter can be defined as anything that has mass and occupies space. matter is made up of tiny particles. The particles are So small that we cannot see them with the naked eye. The particles combine with each other in different ways to form different substances. some substances are made up of particles of the same kind. other substances are made up of particles of different kinds. It is believed that all substances are made of particles with spaces oX-2aN 1-1 pn The belief that matter is made up of particles is called the particulate theory of matter.There are several phenomena such as diffusion, osmosis and Brownian motion that can be explained by saying that matter is indeed made up of tiny particles which are able to move around. This concept is called the kinetic theory of matter. The kinetic theory is concerned with the arrangement and movement of particles in solids, liquids and ofa DIFFUSION Diffusion is the process by which particles spread from a region where there are many to a region where there are few or none, until they are evenly distributed. it involves the spreading out of particles from a region where there are many particles (a highconcentration) the one area where there are few ( low concentration) or none, until the particles are evenly distributed Diffusion in liquids eel -ta nn ie) servation BUC lc meee mm Ce Met mmey acres Ld throughout the gas jar in a few minutes Diffusion in gases can be demonstrated if the gas has anodour or if it has a colour. For example, bromine gas can easily be seen because it is reddish- brown, while ammonia and cooking gas can easily be detected because they havea very strong and pungent smell. (Cooking gas doesn’t naturally have a pungent smell but for safety reasons, to detect leaks, a substance with a strong odour is added). You can smell perfume because the particles spread out in the air.OSMOSIS Osmosis is like diffusion in that it involves the movement of particles from a region where there are many to an area where there are few are none of the particles. However, in osmosis, the only particles that move are water molecules, and the water molecules must pass through a partially permeable membrane or burial as they move from one area to another. Therefore osmosis can be described as the movement of water molecules through a partially permeable membrane from an area where there are many (high concentration) to an area where there are a few or none (lowconcentration) Brownian motion was first observed by Robert Brown. he observed pollen grains dispersed in water under his microscope. The pollen grains were moving in a zigzag motion therefore the term Brownian motion was formed. Brownian motion is the random moving of particles dispersed in a gas or liquid.