PREPOSITION- predlog - odnose se na imenice i imenicke zamjenice,

mogu i na pridjeve i brojeve.(poslije od do iz sa ka prema kroz niz uz na u ...)

VERB- glagol - radnja
ADVERB- prilog - dopunjuje glagol (blizu,prije...)
NOUN- imenica - vrsilac radnje
PRONOUN- zamenica - ja,ti,on,ona..
ADJECTIVES- pridjev - opisuje imenicu(kakav kakvo cije...)
CONJUNCTIONS- veznik - i,pa,te,ni,niti...

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PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES - mogu se ponasati kao prilog ili pridjev.

-There are lots of birds nesting UNDER the eaves.
-After school the cildren played tag AT the park.
-Come INTO the store with me...
I gave the children pizza INSTEAD of pancakes for breakfast today.
PREPOSITIONAL OF TIME - AT , IN , ON //in November.
PREPOSITIONAL OF PLACE- AT , IN , ON //in my garden.
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*PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES with FOR and WITHOUT:
FOR:
-I haven't been downtown for ages!
-Let's go hiking for a change.
WITHOUT:
-We must find a solution without delay.
-The author is without doubt one of the greatest writers of all time.

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WORDS EASILY CONFUSED; NEGATIVE PREFIXES:

Common negative prefixes in English are UN-, IM-, IN-, IL-, and IR-, and DIS-.
Example:
UNLUCKY
IMPOSSIBLE
INCORRECT
ILLEGAL
IRREGULAR
DISHONEST

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RELATIVE CLAUSES: //DA SPOJIMO 2 RECENICE ILI DA DAMO VISE INFORMACIJA O NECEMU.
Relative pronouns: WHO,WHOSE,WHOM,WHICH,THAT
Relative adverbs: WHEN,WHERE
DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSE: - *BEZ ZAREZA - GOVORI NAM O IMENICI O KOJOJ PRICAMO
Ex:
I like the woman who lives next door.
The university he likes is famous.
John met a woman who I had been to school with.

NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSE: - *SA ZAREZOM , ZA DODATNE INFORMACIJE

NE KORISTI SE THAT.
Ex:
I live in London,which has some fantastic parks.
My boss,who is very nice,lives in Manchester.
My sister, who I live with, knows a lot about cars.

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PARTICIPLE CLAUSES:
Participle clauses enable us to say information in a more economical way.
They are formed using present participles (going, reading, seeing, walking, etc.),
past participles (gone, read, seen, walked, etc.)
or perfect participles (having gone, having read, having seen, having walked,
etc.).
We can use participle clauses when the participle and the verb in the main clause
have the same subject.
For example,
Waiting for Ellie, I made some tea. (While I was waiting for Ellie, I made some
tea.)
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**PRESENT PARTICIPLE CLAUSES**
To replace a time clause
-( WHILE I WAS )LOOKING FOR THE THINGS IN MY DRAWER I CAME ACROSS SOMETHING.
To replace a clause of reason
-(BECAUSE I WAS) FEELING EXTREMELY TIRED I DECIDED TO REST.
To replace relative clause in the active voice
-THE GIRL (WHO IS) TALKING TO JIM IS MY SISTER.
Ex:
To give the result of an action
-The bomb exploded, destroying the building.
To give the reason for an action
-Knowing she loved reading, Richard bought her a book.
To talk about an action that happened at the same time as another action
-Standing in the queue, I realised I didn't have any money.
To add information about the subject of the main clause
-Starting in the new year, the new policy bans cars in the city centre.
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**PAST PARTICIPLE CLAUSES**
1.Instead of subject + verb in passive voice
-They were shocked by the tragedy and didnt know what to say.
-Shocked by the tragedy they didnt know what to say.

2.To replace a relative clause in the pasive voice

-Clothes which are made in France are very elegant.
-Clothes made in France are very elegant.
Ex:
With a similar meaning to an if condition
-Used in this way, participles can make your writing more concise. (If you use
participles in this way, … )
To give the reason for an action
-Worried by the news, she called the hospital.
To add information about the subject of the main clause
-Filled with pride, he walked towards the stage.
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**PERFECT PARTICIPLE CLAUSES**
Perfect participle clauses show that the action they describe was finished before
the action in the main clause. Perfect participles can be structured to make an
active or passive meaning.
Ex:
-Having got dressed, he slowly went downstairs.
-Having finished their training, they will be fully qualified doctors.
-Having been made redundant, she started looking for a new job.
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Participle clauses after conjunctions and prepositions
It is also common for participle clauses, especially with -ing, to follow
conjunctions and prepositions such as before, after, instead of, on, since, when,
while and in spite of.

Before cooking, you should wash your hands.

Instead of complaining about it, they should try doing something positive.
On arriving at the hotel, he went to get changed.
While packing her things, she thought about the last two years.
In spite of having read the instructions twice, I still couldn’t understand how to
use it.

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CONDITIONAL SENTENCES:
Type Probability condition will happen
Zero conditional 100% – will always happen.
1st conditional 50%~90% – will probably happen.
2nd conditional 1%~40% – can happen, but probably won’t.
3rd conditional 0%- impossible, can’t happen because in the past.

Type Tenses in the two clauses Probability condition will

happen
Zero [If + present] + [present] 100% – will always happen.
1st [If + present] + [will] 50%-90%- will probably happen.
2nd [If + past simple] + [would + infinitive] 1%-40%- can happen, but
probably won’t.
3rd [If + past perfect] + [would have + past participle] 0%- impossible, can’t
happen because its in the past.

ZERO CONDITIONAL:
[If + present] + [present] 100%
*Moguce zamjeniti IF sa WHEN
-If ice-cream gets warm, it melts.
-Ice-cream melts if it gets warm.
*When the temperature is 0°C, it snows.
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1ST CONDITIONAL:
50%-90%
If + present tense, (comma) + future with “will”
[condition] [result]
OR
future with “will” (no comma) + if + present tense
[result] [condition]
Ex:
-If the weather is nice, I’ll go to the park.
-I’ll go to the park if the weather is nice.
-If the company wins the contract, they will give me a bonus.
-If the company doesn’t make a profit, they won’t give me a bonus
Moguce i modalni glagol umjesto will:
-If the children finish their homework, they can play outside.
-The children can play outside if they finish their homework.
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2ND CONDITIONAL: //radnje koje su nestvarne ili imaginarne situacije koje ce veoma
tesko
da se dese u sadasnjosti ili buducnosti
1%-40%
[If + past tense] , + [would + bare infinitive]
[condition] [result]
OR
[would + bare infinitive] (no comma) + [if + past tense]
[result] [condition]
Ex:
-If I was rich, I would travel the world.
-I would travel the world if I was rich.
-I would be living in London if it wasn't so expensive.
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3RD CONDTIONAL: //nerealne ili nestvarne situacije u proslosti,zaljenje sto smo
nesto uradili,kritikovanje nekoga ili necega
0%
[If + past perfect tense], + [would + present perfect tense]
[condition] [result]
OR
[would + present perfect tense] (no comma) + [if + past perfect tense]
[result] [condition]
Ex:
-If it had started to rain, the picnic would have been cancelled.
-If I had studied harder, I would have passed my exam.
-If I’d(had) known it was your birthday, I’d(would) have bought you a present.
*Moguce sa modalnim:
-If he had left earlier, he would have caught the bus.
OR
-If he had left earlier, he might have caught the bus.
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ACTION CRIME CRIMINAL

steal theft thief

burgle burglary burglar
rob robbery robber
kidnap kidnapping kidnapper
vandalise vandalism vandal
pickpocket pickpocketing *pickpocket*
hijack hijacking hijacker
hack hacking hacker
murder murder murderer
shoplift shoplifting shoplifter
forge forgery forger

Str. 85
A
1. joke
2. trick
3. prank
4. observed
5. noticed
6. recognise
7. comment
8. announced
9. claimed
10. reported
11. fake
12. false
13. deceptive
B
1. on
2. into
3. out off
4. off
5. by
6. to